填空题a. continuousb. dedicatec. relatived. creativee. attitude

填空题The girl asked the Student Services for help in________.

填空题Listen to the statement and complete the table below. Use up to three words.

填空题 A Canals were important in the industrial revolution in Britain.B The use of canals in Europe is expected to grow by a third over the next ten years.C Britain was the only European country to let its canals decline.D Canals in Britain have become a focus for city-centre renewal.E Barges are less polluting than lorries.F In London, most waste is transported on canals.G The amount of waste that can be taken to the Powerday plant by road is limited.H Canals will not become a major form of transport in the world.

填空题Questions11-18Completethetablebelow.WriteNOMORETHANTWOWORDSAND/ORANUMBERforeachanswer.

填空题Do the following statements agree with the views of the writer in Reading Passage 3? In boxes on your answer sheet, write

填空题Developing economies can catch up with developed ones faster because they don't have to ______.

填空题Duestions 21-23 Choose the correct letter, A, B or C.

填空题The European welfare state ______ is generally wider than the American one.

填空题What’s the maximum amount that the woman’s friend can afford?

填空题Migrants can be connectors

填空题The decline of British canals

填空题Youshouldspendabout20minutesonQuestions,whicharebasedonReadingPassage3below.TheDeepSeaAtatimewhenmostthinkofouterspaceasthefinalfrontier,wemustrememberthatagreatdealofunfinishedbusinessremainshereonearth.RobotscrawlonthesurfaceofMars,andspacecraftexitoursolarsystem,butmostofourownplanethasstillneverbeenseenbyhumaneyes.Itseemsironicthatweknowmoreaboutimpactcratersonthefarsideofthemoonthanaboutthelongestandlargestmountainrangeonearth.Itisamazingthathumanbeingscrossedaquarterofamillionmilesofspacetovisitournearestcelestialneighborbeforepenetratingjusttwomilesdeepintotheearth'sownwaterstoexploretheMidoceanRidge.Anditwouldbehardtoimagineamoresignificantpartofourplanettoinvestigate-achainofvolcanicmountains42,000mileslongwheremostoftheearth'ssolidsurfacewasborn,andwherevastvolcanoescontinuetocreatenewsubmarinelandscapes.Thefigurewesooftenseequoted-71%oftheearth'ssurface-understatestheoceans'importance.Ifyouconsiderinsteadthree-dimensionalvolumes,theland-dwellers'shareoftheplanetshrinksevenmoretowardinsignificance:lessthan1%ofthetotal.Mostoftheoceans'enormousvolume,liesdeepbelowthefamiliarsurface.Theuppersunlitlayer,byoneestimate,containsonly2or3%ofthetotalspaceavailabletolife.Theother97%oftheearth'sbiosphereliesdeepbeneaththewater'ssurface,wheresunlightneverpenetrates.Untilrecently,itwasimpossibletostudythedeepoceandirectly.Bythesixteenthcentury,divingbellsallowedpeopletostayunderwaterforashorttime:theycouldswimtothebelltobreatheairtrappedunderneathitratherthanreturnallthewaytothesurface.Later,otherdevices,includingpressurizedorarmoredsuits,heavymetalhelmets,andcompressedairsuppliedthroughhosesfromthesurface,allowedatleastonedivertoreach500feetorso.Itwas1930whenabiologistnamedWilliamBeebeandhisengineeringcolleagueOtisBartonsealedthemselvesintoanewkindofdivingcraft,aninventionthatfinallyallowedhumanstopenetratebeyondtheshallowsunlitlayeroftheseaandthehistoryofdeep-seaexplorationbegan.Sciencethenwaslargelyincidental-somethingthathappenedalongtheway.Intermsoftechnicalingenuityandhumanbravery,thispartofthestoryiseverybitasamazingasthehistoryofearlyaviation.Yetmanyoftheseindividuals,andthedeep-divingvehiclesthattheybuiltandtested,arenotwellknown.Itwasnotuntilthe1970sthatdeep-divingmannedsubmersibleswereabletoreachtheMidoceanRidgeandbeginmakingmajorcontributionstoawiderangeofscientificquestions.Aburstofdiscoveriesfollowedinshortorder.Severaloftheseprofoundlychangedwholefieldsofscience,andtheirimplicationsarestillnotfullyunderstood.Forexample,biologistsmaynowbeseeing-inthestrangecommunitiesofmicrobesandanimalsthatlivearounddeepvolcanicvents-cluestotheoriginoflifeonearth.Nooneevenknewthatthesecommunitiesexistedbeforeexplorersbegandivingtothebottominsubmersibles.Enteringthedeep,blackabysspresentsuniquechallengesforwhichhumansmustcarefullyprepareiftheywishtosurvive.Itisanunforgivingenvironment,bothharshandstrangelybeautiful,thatfewwhohavenotexperienceditfirsthandcanfullyappreciate.Eventhemostpowerfulsearchlightspenetrateonlytensoffeet.Suspendedparticlesscatterthelightandwateritselfisfarlesstransparentthanair;itabsorbsandscatterslight.Theoceanalsoswallowsothertypesofelectromagneticradiation,includingradiosignals.Thatiswhymanydeepseavehiclesdanglefromtethers.Insidethosetethers,copperwiresorfiberopticstrandstransmitsignalsthatwoulddissipateanddieifbroadcastintoopenwater.Anotherchallengeisthatthetemperaturenearthebottominverydeepwatertypicallyhoversjustfourdegreesabovefreezing,andsubmersiblesrarelyhavemuchinsulation.Sincewaterabsorbsheatmorequicklythanair,thecolddownbelowseemstopenetrateadivingcapsulefarmorequicklythanitwouldpenetrate,say,acontrolvanupabove,onthedeckofthemothership.Andfinally,theabyssclampsdownwithcrushingpressureonanythingthatentersit.Thisforceislikeairpressureonland,exceptthatwaterismuchheavierthanair.Atsealevelonland,wedon'tevennotice1atmosphereofpressure,about15poundspersquareinch,theweightoftheearth'sblanketofair.Inthedeepestpartoftheocean,nearlysevenmilesdown,it'sabout1,200atmospheres,18,000poundspersquareinch.Asquare-inchcolumnofleadwouldcrushdownonyourbodywithequalforceifitwere3,600feettall.Fishthatliveinthedeepdon'tfeelthepressure,becausetheyarefilledwithwaterfromtheirownenvironment.Ithasalreadybeencompressedbyabyssalpressureasmuchaswatercanbe(whichisnotmuch).Adivingcraft,however,isahollowchamber,rudelydisplacingthewateraroundit.Thatchambermustwithstandthefullbruntofdeep-seapressure-thousandsofpoundspersquareinch.Ifseawaterwiththatmuchpressurebehinditeverfindsawaytobreakinside,itexplodesthroughtheholewithlaserlikeintensity.Itwasintosuchaterrifyingenvironmentthatthefirsttwentieth-centuryexplorersventured.Questionswritethecorrectletter,A,B,CorD,inboxesonyouranswersheet.

填空题Class F airspace is airspace which is below 365m and not near airports.

填空题Do the following statements agree with the information given in the text? {{B}}Write TRUE{{/B}} if the information in the text agrees with the statement. {{B}}Write FALSE{{/B}} if the information in the text contradicts the statement. {{B}}Write NOT GIVEN{{/B}} if there is no information on this.

填空题 Questions 35-36 Choose TWO letters from A-E for each answer. 35 ＆ 36. Which two health issues are NOT used in the lecture to promote vegetarianism as healthy? A. reduced heart disease B. lower risk of contracting cancer C. reduced blood sugar levels D. fewer weight-related problems E. lower risk of stomach ulcers

填空题Questions 7-10 Complete the table below. Write NO MORE THAN TWO WORDS AND/OR A NUMBER for each answer. Membership Level Benefits 　(7)　 Bronze Silver Gold Standard Care — 5% discount 7.5 % discount 50% discount off 　(8)　 Insurance — $10 offfee $20 off fee Free 　(9)　 Personal Loans 0.25% reduction* 0.5% reduction* 　(10)　 reduction* 1.25% reduction*

填空题Youshouldspendabout20minutesonQuestions1-13,whicharebasedonReadingPassage1below.CommunicatinginColourTherearemorethan160knownspeciesofchameleons.ThemaindistributionisinAfricaandMadagascar,andothertropicalregions,althoughsomespeciesarealsofoundinpartsofsouthernEuropeandAsia.ThereareintroducedpopulationsinHawaiiandprobablyinCaliforniaandFloridatoo.Newspeciesarestilldiscoveredquitefrequently.DrAndrewMarshall,aconservationistfromYorkUniversity,wassurveyingmonkeysinTanzania,whenhestumbledacrossatwigsnakeintheMagomberaforestwhich,frightened,coughedupachameleonandfled.Thoughacolleaguepersuadedhimnottotouchitbecauseoftheriskfromvenom,Marshallsuspecteditmightbeanewspecies,andtookaphotographtosendtocolleagues,whoconfirmedhissuspicions.Kinyongiarnagomberae,literally"thechameleonfromMagombera",istheresult,andthefactitwasnoteasytoidentifyispreciselywhatmadeitunique.Themostremarkablefeatureofchameleonsistheirabilitytochangecolour,anabilityrivalledonlybycuttlefishandoctopiintheanimalkingdom.Becauseofthis,colourisnotthebestthingfortellingchameleonsapartanddifferentspeciesareusuallyidentifiedbasedonthepatterningandshapeofthehead,andthearrangementofscales.Inthiscaseitwasthebulgeofscalesonthechameleon'snose.Chameleonsareabletousecolourforbothcommunicationandcamouflagebyswitchingfrombright,showycolourstotheexactcolourofatwigwithinseconds.Theyshowanextraordinaryrangeofcolours,fromnearlyblacktobrightblues,oranges,pinksandgreens,evenseveralatonce.Apopularmisconceptionisthatchameleonscanmatchwhateverbackgroundtheyareplacedon,whetherachequeredredandyellowshirtoraSmartie*box.Buteachspecieshasacharacteristicsetofcellscontainingpigmentdistributedovertheirbodiesinaspecificpattern,whichdeterminestherangeofcoloursandpatternstheycanshow.Tothegreatdisappointmentofmanychildren,placingachameleononaSmartieboxgenerallyresultsinastressed,confused,darkgreyormottledchameleon.Chameleonsarevisualanimalswithexcellenteyesight,andtheycommunicatewithcolour.Whentwomaledwarfchameleonsencounter*SmartiesTMaresugar-coatedchocolatesinarangeofbrightcolours.eachother,eachshowsitsbrightestcolours.Theypuffouttheirthroatsandpresentthemselvesside-onwiththeirbodiesflattenedtoappearaslargeaspossibleandtoshowofftheircolours.Thisenablesthemtoassesseachotherfromadistance.Ifoneisclearlysuperior,theotherquicklychangestosubmissivecolouration,whichisusuallyadullcombinationofgreysorbrowns.Iftheopponentsarecloselymatchedandbothmaintaintheirbrightcolours,thecontestcanescalatetophysicalfightingandjaw-locking,eachtryingtopusheachotheralongthebranchinacontestofstrength.Eventually,theloserwillsignalhisdefeatwithsubmissivecolouration.Femalesalsohaveaggressivedisplaysusedtorepelmaleattemptsatcourtship.Whencourtingafemale,malesdisplaythesamebrightcoloursthattheyuseduringcontests.Mostofthetime,femalesareunreceptiveandaggressivelyrejectmalesbydisplayingacontrastinglightanddarkcolourpattern,withtheirmouthsopenandmovingtheirbodiesrapidlyfromsidetoside.Ifthemalecontinuestocourtafemale,sheoftenchasesandbiteshimuntilheretreats.Therangeofcolourchangeduringfemaledisplays,althoughimpressive,isnotasgreatasthatshownbymales.Manypeopleassumethatcolourchangeevolvedtoenablechameleonstomatchagreatervarietyofbackgroundsintheirenvironment.Ifthiswasthecase,thentheabilityofchameleonstochangecolourshouldbeassociatedwiththerangeofbackgroundcoloursinthechameleon'shabitat,butthereisnoevidenceforsuchapattern.Forexample,foresthabitatsmighthaveagreaterrangeofbrownandgreenbackgroundcoloursthangrasslands,soforest-dwellingspeciesmightbeexpectedtohavegreaterpowersofcolourchange.Instead,themaleswhosedisplaycoloursarethemosteye-catchingshowthegreatestcolourchange.Theirdisplaysarecomposedofcoloursthatcontrasthighlywitheachotheraswellaswiththebackgroundvegetation.Thissuggeststhatthespeciesthatevolvedthemostimpressivecapacitiesforcolourchangedidsotoenablethemtointimidaterivalsorattractmatesratherthantofacilitatecamouflage.Howdoweknowthatchameleondisplaycoloursareeye-catchingtoanotherchameleon-or,forthatmatter,toapredatorybird?Gettingaviewfromtheperspectiveofchameleonsortheirbirdpredatorsrequiresinformationonthechameleon'sorbird'svisualsystemandanunderstandingofhowtheirbrainsmightprocessvisualinformation.Thisisbecausetheperceivedcolourofanobjectdependsasmuchonthebrain'swiringasonthephysicalpropertiesoftheobjectitself.Luckily,recentscientificadvanceshavemadeitpossibletoobtainsuchmeasurementsinthefield,andinformationonvisualsystemsofavarietyofanimalsisbecomingincreasinglyavailable.Thespectaculardiversityofcoloursandornamentsinnaturehasinspiredbiologistsforcenturies.Butifwewanttounderstandthefunctionandevolutionofanimalcolourpatterns,weneedtoknowhowtheyareperceivedbytheanimalsthemselves-ortheirpredators.Afterall,camouflageandconspicuousnessareintheeyeofthebeholder.Questions1-4Answerthequestionsbelow.ChooseNOMORETHANTHREEWORDSfromthepassageforeachanswer.Writeyouranswersinboxes1-4onyouranswersheet.

填空题Complete the notes below.Write NO MORE THAN TWO WORDS AND/OR A NUMBER for each answer.An Overview of The Research on AmberAmber: a fossilised tree resin, which may be produced to protect itself against 【L31】______and fungi.Colors usual yellow, orange, or brown uncommon colors e.g. blue(what causes the blue color in amber is related to the occurrence of 【L32】______.)Formation under sustained 【L33】______and pressure during an 【L34】______stage between resins and amber, copal is produced.Places and Conditions commonly found on 【L35】______e.g. in Russia avoid exposure to 【L36】______, rain, and temperate extremesInclusions Dominican amber: 1 inclusion to every 100 pieces Baltic amber: 1 inclusion to every 【L37】______piecesUses and Applications It can be used to make ornamental objects and jewelry in 【L38】______settings. Some people believe that its powder mixed with 【L39】______cures throat, eye and ear diseases. It has even been used as a 【L40】______material, for instance using it to create Amber Room.

填空题Complete the following table with NO MORE THAN TWO WORDS, LETTERS OR A NUMBER. Final Assessment Project Weighting: (31) of total marks this year Project task: (32) Group size: Up to (33) people Time to complete project: Before the (34) finishes Prize sponsored by: (35) Incorporated