填空题Completetheflow-chartbelow.WriteNOMORETHANTWOWORDSforeachanswer.

填空题The ______ expect that they will be able to convince more people to read online.

填空题The next President of the United States is likely to support ______.

填空题Not Quite Google

填空题{{B}}SECTION 2 Questions 11-20{{/B}} {{B}}Questions 11-12{{/B}}Complete the notes on the Citizens Advice Bureau using {{B}}NO MORE THAN TWO WORDS{{/B}} for each gap.· 11.______a solicitor· suggest where you can find free legal advice· inform you whether you can get 12.______to cover legal costs

填空题You should spend about 20 minutes on Questions 27-40, which are based on Reading Passage 3 below. Is there more to video games than people realise? Many people who spend a lot of time playing video games insist that they have helped them in areas like confidence-building, presentation skills and debating. Yet this way of thinking about video games can be found almost nowhere within the mainstream media, which still tend to treat games as an odd mix of the slightly menacing and the alien. This lack of awareness has become increasingly inappropriate, as video games and the culture that surrounds them have become very big business indeed. Recently, the British government released the Byron report into the effects of electronic media on children. Its conclusions set out a clear, rational basis for exploring the regulation of video games. The ensuing debate, however, has descended into the same old squabbling between partisan factions: the preachers of mental and moral decline, and the innovative game designers. In between are the gamers, busily buying and playing while nonsense is talked over their heads. Susan Greenfield, renowned neuroscientist, outlines her concerns in a new book. Every individual's mind is the product of a brain that has been personalised by the sum total of their experiences; with an increasing quantity of our experiences from very early childhood taking place 'on screen' rather than in the world, there is potentially a profound shift in the way children's minds work. She suggests that the fast-paced, second-hand experiences created by video games and the Internet may inculcate a worldview that is less empathetic, more risk- taking and less contemplative than what we tend to think of as healthy. Greenfield's prose is full of mixed metaphors and self-contradictions and is perhaps the worst enemy of her attempts to persuade. This is unfortunate, because however much technophiles may snort, she is articulating widely held fears that have a basis in fact. Unlike even their immediate antecedents, the latest electronic media are at once domestic and work-related, their mobility blurring the boundaries between these spaces, and video games are at their forefront. A generational divide has opened that is in many ways more profound than the equivalent shifts associated with radio or television, more alienating for those unfamiliar with new technologies, more absorbing for those who are. So how do our lawmakers regulate something that is too fluid to be fully comprehended or controlled? Adam Martin, a lead programmer for an online games developer, says: 'Computer games teach and people don't even notice they're being taught.' But isn't the kind of learning that goes on in games rather narrow? 'A large part of the addictiveness of games does come from the fact that as you play you are mastering a set of challenges. But humanity's larger understanding of the world comes primarily through communication and experimentation, through answering the question "What if?" Games excel at teaching this too.' Steven Johnson's thesis is not that electronic games constitute a great, popular art, but that the mean level of mass culture has been demanding steadily more intellectual engagement from consumers. Games, he points out, generate satisfaction via the complexity of their virtual worlds, not by their robotic predictability. Testing the nature and limits of the laws of such imaginary worlds has more in common with scientific methods than with a pointless addiction, while the complexity of the problems children encounter within games exceeds that of anything they might find at school. Greenfield argues that there are ways of thinking that playing video games simply cannot teach. She has a point. We should never forget, for instance, the unique ability of books to engage and expand the human imagination, and to give us the means of more fully expressing our situations in the world. Intriguingly, the video games industry is now growing in ways that have more in common with an old-fashioned world of companionable pastimes than with a cyber- future of lonely, isolated obsessives. Games in which friends and relations gather round a console to compete at activities are growing in popularity. The agenda is increasingly being set by the concerns of mainstream consumers - what they consider acceptable for their children, what they want to play at parties and across generations. These trends embody a familiar but important truth: games are human products, and lie within our control. This doesn't mean we yet control or understand them fully, but it should remind us that there is nothing inevitable or incomprehensible about them. No matter how deeply it may be felt, instinctive fear is an inappropriate response to technology of any kind. So far, the dire predictions many traditionalists have made about the 'death' of old-fashioned narratives and imaginative thought at the hands of video games cannot be upheld. Television and cinema may be suffering, economically, at the hands of interactive media. But literacy standards have failed to decline. Young people still enjoy sport, going out and listening to music. And most research -including a recent $1 .Sm study funded by the US government - suggests that even pre- teens are not in the habit of blurring game worlds and real worlds. The sheer pace and scale of the changes we face, however, leave little room for complacency. Richard Bartle, a British writer and game researcher, says 'Times change: accept it; embrace it.' Just as, today, we have no living memories of a time before radio, we will soon live in a world in which no one living experienced growing up without computers. It is for this reason that we must try to examine what we stand to lose and gain, before it is too late. Questions 27-32 Do the following statements agree with the views of the writer in Reading Passage 3? In boxes 27-32 on your answer sheet, write YES if the statement agrees with the views of the writer NO if the statement contradicts the views of the writer NOT GIVEN if it is impossible to say what the writer thinks about this

填空题All aircraft in Class E airspace must use IFR.

填空题Children will read many books by an author that they like.

填空题The membership of REN21.

填空题Questions 31-40 Complete the notes below. Write NO MORE THAN TWO WORDS for each answer. Agriculture and Environment (31) production = biggest problem in today's world Agriculture is important for jobs, exports and foreign exchange 'Agriculture' means: growing crops raising animals (32) (33) Agriculture must be sustainable: old methods, & new, chemical methods are all unsustainable→ (34) of biodiversity Biotechnology→GM or GE→ bio-prospecting (bio-piracy) i.e. large companies steal samples of native plants to use the (35) for their own crop improvement (36) is responsible for less food and higher prices Farmers need to be educated but governments also need to pay attention to (37) in order to protect the environment and re-nourish the soil Experts from around the world could come together to form a (38) to observe farm systems aiming to prevent pollution and erosion and encourage safe procedures that are also (39) Creating the project's (40) would be very expensive and more money would be needed for the monitoring system but it could solve the problem of food shortages

填空题Questions 31-40 Complete the notes below. Write NO MORE THAN THREE WORDS AND/OR A NUMBER for each answer. The Antarctic Polar View project maps Antarctic sea ice by using (31) Problems to navigate through the water: the safety of the ship ______ (32) the efficiency of the ship NVSAT Satellite: · Collect data · Identify difference between open water and (33) · Scientists can see surface of sea clearly by using (34) Helicopter: Advantage: can map the sea in the air Disadvantages: 35 much more ______ (36) The colour of the map is (37) Problem of sending pictures in Antarctic ship: (38) Measure to the problem: compress images into (39) format The equipment scientists need for mapping is a (40) on ship.

填空题{{I}}According to the text, FIVE of the following statements are true. Write the corresponding letters in answer boxes 18 to 22 in any order.{{/I}} A Me Carthy claims people can become addicted to using cars. B The cost of using a car rose by over ten per cent last year. C Most British people borrow money to help buy cars. D Many people need cars to drive in London occasionally. E Streetcar operates in over 20 cities in Britain. F Streetcar's cars must be left at specific locations. G Car sharing is becoming more popular with people who live and work near each other. H The government wants to encourage people to go to work on foot or by bicycle.

填空题{{B}}SECTION 1 Question 1-10{{/B}} {{B}}Questions 1-4{{/B}}Complete the following information. Surname 1 ______ Given name Garba Local address 2 ______ Home address Lagos,Nigeria Date of birth 3 ______ Course 4 ______

填空题A University of Rhode Island (URI) Psychology Professor Mark Wood, a nationally recognised alcohol researcher, wants parents to be aware that this is a time when teens tend to increase their alcohol consumption. The URI expert advises parents to monitor their children—know where they are, whom they are with and what they are doing. "This type of monitoring, particularly in combination with an emotionally supportive parenting style, is associated with less drinking and fewer alcohol-related problems across numerous studies,' Wood said. 'It is also important for parents to express clear disapproval of alcohol use and to provide clear and fair consequences associated with breaking the rules. Research shows this combination of factors decreases alcohol use and problems through adolescence and into college,' continued Wood who helps create interventions to reduce alcohol related-harm, particularly among college-age students. Results of his recent study bear this out. B Is Wood advocating that parents become helicopter parents—ones who hover over their children and their problems or experiences, especially when they are in college? 'We live in a era when students are texting and talking to parents, sometimes many times a day. Although the term helicopter parent does have a negative connotation, I think conversations about drinking are good whenever and wherever they occur,' said the researcher. But is it too late for parents to begin monitoring teenagers after they have already graduated from high school? 'Most American teenagers begin to drink by age 15. By the time they go off to college, most have considerable drinking experience,' explained Wood. 'Ideally, parents should be having conversations about alcohol throughout high school. But it's never too late to begin an ongoing dialogue about drinking with teens.' It's estimated that more than 1,800 college students die each year in car accidents and more than 750,000 are involved in alcohol related physical or sexual assaults. Adolescents tend to increase their alcohol use the summer before entering college and during their first semester at college. This is also true of children who have been consistently monitored and emotionally supported. However, these children don't increase consumption to the levels of kids who didn't have that kind of parental involvement in high school. 'The protective effects that parents exert in high school continue to be influential into college even at a time when the kids have left the home. It's the internalisation of those values, attitudes, expectations that seem to continue to exert an effect,' said Wood. C Wood and his team applied some of their research findings to an intervention to reduce the increases in drinking and the negative consequences that typically occur during matriculation and into college. Results of the study were published in the June 2010 issue of the Journal of Consulting and Clinical Psychology. In this study, which began in 2004, they recruited and randomly assigned 1,000 incoming freshmen to receive either a Brief Motivational Intervention (BMI) or a parent-based intervention. The motivational intervention is considered to be the most effective individual alcohol prevention approach with college students. In contrast to other BMI studies that have focused on heavier drinkers, the URI study recruited students whether they drank or not. In fact, about 28 per cent of the 1,000 students in the study didn't drink when they came to college. D Students met with an intervention provider who went over a tailored report compiled from information provided by the students about a range of factors, including their alcohol use patterns, consequences associated with use, and family history of alcohol problems. Students were recognised as responsible adults, and weren't preached to or told not to drink. Among other things, the report showed the student how his or her drinking compared to others of the same age and gender, correcting misperceptions students have about how much other students are drinking. For example, students often overestimate how much their peers are drinking, and correcting these misconceptions as part of motivational interventions has resulted in lower levels of alcohol use and problems. E "A message that we would give a student who told us her father was an alcoholic is that we know that alcohol problems run in families. But it's also important for you to know that this doesn't mean that you're destined to become an alcoholic. It just means that you have an increased risk of drinking problems based on family history,' says Wood. The message is different with non-drinkers: 'Congratulations, you've made the safest choice in terms of alcohol use at this point. One of the things we want to tell you is that there are more students like you than you think. We'd like to talk to you about ways that you can continue to make the safe choice around drinking now that you're in an environment where there is more drinking.' F URI researchers followed up with the students in the spring of their freshman and sophomore years. The team found the intervention was successful for non- drinkers and drinkers. Students who received the BMI were significantly less likely to transition into heavy drinking or begin experiencing alcohol-related problems. For those who were already drinking, the BMI reduced heavy drinking and alcohol problems indirectly by altering students' misperceptions about alcohol use. —Science Daily

填空题Which company has just invested heavily in an unpublished children's book?

填空题Philosophy

填空题Businesses involved in environmentally-friendly power have rising ______.

填空题You should spend about 20 minutes on Questions 1-13, which are based on Reading Passage 1 below. Cats Show Perfect Balance Even in Their Lapping It was known that when cats lap, they extend their tongues straight down towards the bowl with the tip of the tongue curled backwards like a capital 'J' to form a ladle, so that the top surface of the tongue actually touches the liquid first. We know this because another MIT engineer, Dr. Edgerton, who first used strobe lights in photography to stop action, filmed a domestic cat lapping milk in 1940. But recent high-speed videos made by this team clearly revealed that the top surface of the cat's tongue is the only surface to touch the liquid. Cats, unlike dogs, aren't dipping their tongues into the liquid like ladles after all. Instead, the cat's lapping mechanism is far more subtle and elegant. The smooth tip of the tongue barely brushes the surface of the liquid before the cat rapidly draws its tongue back up. As it does so, a column of milk forms between the moving tongue and the liquid's surface. The cat then closes its mouth, pinching off the top of the column for a nice drink, while keeping its chin dry. The liquid column is created by a delicate balance between gravity, which pulls the liquid back to the bowl, and inertia, which in physics, refers to the tendency of the liquid or any matter, to continue moving in a direction unless another force interferes. The cat instinctively knows just how quickly to lap in order to balance these two forces, and just when to close its mouth. If it waits another fraction of a second, the force of gravity will overtake inertia, causing the column to break, the liquid to fall back into the bowl, and the cat's tongue to come up empty. While the domestic cat averages about four laps per second, with each lap bringing in about 0.1 millilitres of liquid, the big cats, such as tigers, know to slow down. They naturally lap more slowly to maintain the balance of gravity and inertia. Roman Stocker of MIT's Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering (CEE), Pedro Reis of CEE and the Department of Mechanical Engineering, Sunghwan Jung of Virginia Tech and Jeffrey Aristoff of Princeton used observational data gathered from high-speed digital videos of domestic cats, including Stocker's family cat, and a range of big cats (a tiger, a lion and a jaguar) from the Boston-area zoos, thanks to a collaboration with Zoo New England's mammal curator John Piazza and assistant curator Pearl Yusuf. And, in what could be a first for a paper published in Science, the researchers also gathered additional data by analysing existing YouTube.com videos of big cats lapping. With these videos slowed way down, the researchers established the speed of the tongue's movement and the frequency of lapping. Knowing the size and speed of the tongue, the researchers then developed a mathematical model involving the Froude number, a dimensionless number that characterises the ratio between gravity and inertia. For cats of all sizes, that number is almost exactly one, indicating a perfect balance. To better understand the subtle dynamics of lapping, they also created a robotic version of a cat's tongue that moves up and down over a dish of water, enabling the researchers to systematically explore different aspects of lapping, and ultimately, to identify the mechanism underpinning it. 'The amount of liquid available for the cat to capture each time it closes its mouth depends on the size and speed of the tongue. Our research—the experimental measurements and theoretical predictions—suggests that the cat chooses the speed in order to maximise the amount of liquid ingested per lap,' said Aristoff, a mathematician who studies liquid surfaces. 'This suggests that cats are smarter than many people think, at least when it comes to hydrodynamics.' Aristoff said the team benefited from the diverse scientific backgrounds of its members: engineering, physics and mathematics. 'In the beginning of the project, we weren't fully confident that fluid mechanics played a role in cat's drinking. But as the project went on, we were surprised and amused by the beauty of the fluid mechanics involved in this system,' said Jung, an engineer whose research focuses on soft bodies, like fish, and the fluids surrounding them. The work began three-and-a-half years ago when Stocker, who studies the fluid mechanics of the movements of ocean microbes, was watching his cat lap milk. That cat, eight-year-old CuttaCutta, stars in the researchers' best videos and still pictures. And like all movie stars (CuttaCutta means 'stars stars' in an Australian aboriginal language), he likes being waited on. With their cameras trained on CuttaCuttas bowl, Stocker and Reis said they spent hours at the Stocker home waiting on CuttaCutta...to drink. But the wait didn't dampen their enthusiasm for the project, which very appropriately originated from a sense of curiosity. 'Science allows us to look at natural processes with a different eye and to understand how things work, even if that's figuring out how my cat laps his breakfast,' Stocker said. 'It's a job, but also a passion, and this project for me was a high point in teamwork and creativity. We did it without any funding, without any graduate students, without much of the usual apparatus that science is done with nowadays.' 'Our process in this work was typical, archetypal really, of any new scientific study of a natural phenomenon. You begin with an observation and a broad question, "How does the cat drink?" and then try to answer it through careful experimentation and mathematical modeling,' said Reis, a physicist who works on the mechanics of soft solids. 'To us, this study provides further confirmation of how exciting it is to explore the scientific unknown, especially when this unknown is something that's part of our everyday experiences.' —Science Daily

填空题The students already have a printed ______ to help them with their dissertations.

填空题Look at the following statements(Questions 8-11)and the list of people below. Match each statement with the correct person, A, B, CorD. Write the correct letter, A, B, C or D, in boxes 8-11 on your answer sheet. NB You may use any letter more than once.List of People A Ian Redmond B Valerie Kapos C Ray Townsend D Chris Stapleton