填空题i The need for resources ii Providing health information for citizens iii A new area that aroused the academic interest iv Building cities in earthquake zones v The first campaigns for environmental changes vi The great effect of environment on city planning vii The impact of global warming on cities viii Laws bring temporary promotion ix Removal of the unwanted by-products x The increasing speed of suburban development

填空题In 1961, men would often go for a drink or be ______ before lunch.

填空题{{B}}SECTION 4 Questions 31-40{{/B}} {{B}}Questions 31-35{{/B}}Complete the information in the table using {{B}}NO MORE THAN THREE WORDS{{/B}} for each answer. UK Parts Geography Industries 31 ______ England mostly lowland upland in 32 ______ manufacturing fariming services Scotland mountains lochs(33 ______)glens (valleys) oil electronics biotechnology fishing forestry Wales 34 ______ mountains lakes electronics auto parts 35 ______ health care professional services Northern Ireland beautiful countryside tourism

填空题The number of people that are expected to lose their homes as a result of making areas suitable for the animals.

填空题The GSM Association is a consumer organization.

填空题Level 1 course aim to develop __________ for Level 2 course.

填空题Genome race winner

填空题The reason that conservationists are happy with the apparent discovery of a new species of leopard.

填空题ReadthepassagebelowandanswerQuestions10-13.EasyListeningBroadcastingAssociation26/7/11YouAreInvited…DearListenerWewishtoexpressoursincerethanksforyoursupportduringourlastsuccessfulfund-raisingendeavour.Yourannualdonationmakesitpossibleforustoimprovethestationineverywayforyourinterestandpleasure.WewouldliketoextendtoyouoninvitationtojoinusatthestationonWednesday,16thAugustat3.00pmforafternoonteaandtodiscussstationprogramming.Yourinputwillbeagreathelptous.Itwillenableustocontinueprogrammingtosuityourrequirements.Togetherwewillbediscussingfutureideasfor5ZBGandwhetherfrequentnewsbroadcastsshouldbeincludedinouragenda.Therehasalsobeenaproposaltomakethemainstayofourprogrammingatalkbackformat.AnychangestoprogrammingwouldhavetoIbefinalisedbySeptember1st.Wehopeyoucanjoinusandwelookforwardtosharingtimewithyou.Ifyouareabletojoinus,pleasebekindenoughtophone,andletusknow.Ifyouareunabletoattendonthisday,pleasephoneandwewillarrangeasuitabledateforyou.YourssincerelyTobiasRankProgrammingCoordinatorRSVPby5/8/11Choosethe'correct'letter,A,B,CorD.Writeyouranswersinboxes10-13onyouranswersheet.

填空题 Mika says that if you miss what other people in a seminar say, it makes it hard to 21 ______ the discussion. She might have a 22 ______ if she didn't understand what a tutor was asking her, but if she was wrong it was 23 ______.

填空题Better than the drug trade.

填空题Shooting Star is an organisation which offers special training for school leavers. Planning a Gap Year The best reason to take a gap year between school and work or higher education is to improve your CV with experience overseas. This is why some school leavers in Britain now consider a year out to be essential. Many want to travel, with Sydney the favourite destination. Shooting Star is an organisation that helps school leavers by offering training followed by appropriate employment. We at Shooting Star offer much more than a trip abroad. At Shooting Star you acquire skills that lead to interesting jobs both for your gap year and future holidays. Magazines are full of "Wanted" adverts for washing up in a restaurant. Well, we don"t do that-it"s not our idea of excitement. We offer school leavers the chance for outdoor adventure, to teach things like sailing and snowboarding. No choice, really! In your year out you train, travel and work; you can combine work with pleasure and reap the rewards. You could become an experienced yacht skipper or instructor and many people go on to spend their future holidays being paid to enjoy their favourite sport. Australians and New Zealanders travel to Europe and North America in large numbers to gain overseas experience. Those who qualify with Shooting Star are very soon using their skills in jobs they could only dream about before, working outdoors and seeing more of the world. Wherever you come from, a gap year with Shooting Star means professional training and international adventure. Top tips for a successful gap year: ☆Design your gap year in outline before applying for a permanent job or a college place. Human Resources officers or Admissions tutors will be impressed by a thought-out plan. ☆What"s more important to you-travel or work experience? You can be flexible with travel plans but you must research job opportunities in advance. Go to our website and click on Recruitment for ideas. ☆Who do you know who has taken a gap year before? Shooting Star can put you in touch with someone who has just completed one. ☆Sort out the admin in plenty of time-air tickets, visas, insurance and medical matters such as vaccinations for some destinations. These are your responsibility. ☆Who is in charge of your affairs while you are away? There will be forms to fill and letters to answer. ☆Allow plenty of time to settle back home on your return-and don"t be surprised if it takes some time to readjust to everyday life! Do the following statements agree with the information given in the text? In boxes 15-20 on your answer sheet, write TRUE if the statement agrees with the information FALSE if the statement contradicts the information NOT GIVEN if there is no information on this

填空题Economic ______ is required in many developed economies.

填空题a potential breakthrough

填空题The Swedish government is using ______ to persuade ordinary people to use alternative sources of energy.

填空题Questions 27-32 Look at the following statements (Questions 27-32) and the list of people below. Match each statement with the correct person, A-E. Write the correct letter, A-E, in boxes 27-32 on your answer sheet. NB You may use any letter more than once. List of People A．Kurt Vonnegut Jr. B．Louis Men and C．David Crystal D．Geoffrey K. Plum E．Charles Gaulle

填空题SpaceShipOne flew in ______ space.

填空题Health in the Wild: Animal Doctors Many animals seem able to treat their illnesses themselves. Humans may have a thing or two to learn from them. For the past decade Dr. Engel, a lecturer in environmental sciences at Britain's Open University, has been collating examples of self-medicating behaviour in wild animals. She recently published a book on the subject. In a talk at the Edinburgh Science Festival earlier this month, she explained that the idea that animals can treat themselves has been regarded with some skepticism by her colleagues in the past. But a growing number of animal behaviourists now think that wild animals can and do deal with their own medical needs. William Karesh, of the Wildlife Conservation Society, in New York, for example, has studied the health of a wide range of wild animals, including anaconda snakes, macaws, penguins, guanacos (South American beasts related to camels), impala and buffalo. The animals were mostly in good physical condition, which is not surprising, since the weak quickly go to the wall in the wild. But blood tests showed that many had encountered nasty viral and bacterial diseases in the past—including diseases that are often fatal in captive animals, even when treated by vets. Moreover, if healthy wild animals are brought into captivity, their health often deteriorates unless great care is taken over their living conditions. Such observations suggest that wild animals can do something to keep themselves healthy that captive animals cannot. Hearty animals One example of self-medication was discovered in 1987. Michael Huffman and Mohamedi Seifu, working in the Mahale Mountains National Park in Tanzania, noticed that local chimpanzees suffering from intestinal worms would dose themselves with the pith of a plant called Veronia. This plant produces poisonous chemicals called terpenes. Its pith contains a strong enough concentration to kill gut parasites, but not so strong as to kill chimps (nor people, for that matter; locals use the pith for the same purpose). Given that the plant is known locally as 'goat-killer', however, it seems that not all animals are as smart as chimps and humans. Some consume it indiscriminately, and succumb. Since the Veronia—eating chimps were discovered, more evidence has emerged suggesting that animals often eat things for medical rather than nutritional reasons. Many species, for example, consume dirt—a behaviour known as geophagy. Historically, the preferred explanation was that soil supplies minerals such as salt. But geophagy occurs in areas where the earth is not a useful source of minerals, and also in places where minerals can be more easily obtained from certain plants that are known to be rich in them. Clearly, the animals must be getting something else out of eating earth. The current belief is that soil—and particularly the clay in it—helps to detoxify the defensive poisons that some plants produce in an attempt to prevent themselves from being eaten. Evidence for the detoxifying nature of clay came in 1999, from an experiment carried out on macaws by James Gilardi and his colleagues at the University of California, Davis. Macaws eat seeds containing alkaloids, a group of chemicals that has some notoriously toxic members, such as strychnine. In the wild, the birds are frequently seen perched on eroding riverbanks eating clay. Dr. Gilardi fed one group of macaws a mixture of a harmless alkaloid and clay, and a second group just the alkaloid. Several hours later, the macaws that had eaten the clay had 60% less alkaloid in their bloodstreams than those that had not, suggesting that the hypothesis is correct. Rough and ready A third instance of animal self-medication is the use of mechanical scours to get rid of gut parasites. In 1972 Richard Wrangham, a researcher at the Gombe Stream Reserve in Tanzania, noticed that chimpanzees were eating the leaves of a tree called Aspilia. The chimps chose the leaves carefully by testing them in their mouths. Having chosen a leaf, a chimp would fold it into a fan and swallow it. Some of the chimps were noticed wrinkling their noses as they swallowed these leaves, suggesting the experience was unpleasant. Later, undigested leaves were found on the forest floor. Dr. Wrangham rightly guessed that the leaves had a medicinal purpose—this was, indeed, one of the earliest interpretations of a behaviour pattern as self-medication. However, he guessed wrong about what the mechanism was. His (and everybody else's) assumption was that Aspilia contained a drug, and this sparked more than two decades of phytochemical research to try to find out what chemical the chimps were after. But by the 1990s, chimps across Africa had been seen swallowing the leaves of 19 different species that seemed to have few suitable chemicals in common. The drug hypothesis was looking more and more dubious. It was Dr. Huffman who got to the bottom of the problem in 1999. He did so by watching what came out of the chimps, rather than concentrating on what went in. He found that the egested leaves were full of intestinal worms. The factor common to all 19 species of leaves swallowed by the chimps was that they were covered with microscopic hooks. These caught the worms and dragged them from their lodgings. Following that observation, Dr. Engel is now particularly excited about how knowledge of the way that animals look after themselves could be used to improve the health of livestock. People might also be able to learn a thing or two—and may, indeed, already have done so. Geophagy, for example, is a common behaviour in many parts of the world. The medical stalls in African markets frequently sell tablets made of different sorts of clays, appropriate to different medical conditions. Africans brought to the Americas as slaves continued this tradition, which gave their owners one more excuse to affect to despise them. Yet, as Dr. Engel points out, Rwandan mountain gorillas eat a type of clay rather similar to kaolinite—the main ingredient of many patent medicines sold over the counter in the West for digestive complaints. Dirt can sometimes be good for you, and to be 'as sick as a parrot' may, after all, be a state to be desired. {{B}}—Economist{{/B}}

填空题More work, fewer children?

填空题...............