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填空题Questions 32-38 Do the following statements agree with the information given in Reading Passage 2? In boxes 32-38 on your answer sheet, write

填空题What are the initials of the woman’s brother’s name?

填空题Questions 1-3 Complete the notes below. Write NO MORE THAN TWO WORDS AND/OR A NUMBER for each answer. HOLIDAY TRIP PALN Example Answer The two students are talking about: holiday plan David and Cherry have (1) holiday Their departure date: (2) Transportation: (3)

填空题{{B}}Questions 1-10{{/B}}{{B}}Questions 1-5{{/B}} Complete the form below. Write NO MORE THAN THREE WORDS AND/OR A NUMBER for each answer. Property Rental Search: Client Details Address: "The Royal", {{U}} {{U}} 1 {{/U}} {{/U}}, Ironbridge Age: {{U}} {{U}} 2 {{/U}} {{/U}} Accommodation required from: {{U}} {{U}} 3 {{/U}} {{/U}}until 30 June Price range: minimum ￡60 per week, maximum {{U}} {{U}} 4 {{/U}} {{/U}}per week Preferred type of property: {{U}} {{U}} 5 {{/U}} {{/U}}

填空题{{B}}Questions 15-16{{/B}}Complete the following notes on illegal actions using {{B}}NO MORE THAN THREE WORDS{{/B}} for each gap.The following three things are illegal:· the possession of 15.______· the possession or 16.______ of drags· disorderly conduct

填空题{{B}}SECTION 4 Questions 31-40{{/B}} {{B}}Questions 31-33{{/B}}Answer the following information about British Education Scholarships using {{B}}NO MORE THAN THREE WORDS AND/OR NUMBERS{{/B}} for each gap.British Education Scholarships· available to all overseas students· for students at 31. ______ level· 2000 awarded each year· full award, 32. ______ award or partial award· worth up to 33. ______

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填空题Youshouldspendabout20minutesonQuestions14-26,whicharebasedonReadingPassage2below.Therobotsarecoming-orarethey?WhatisthecurrentstateofplayinArtificialIntelligence?A.Canrobotsadvancesofarthattheybecometheultimatethreattoourexistence?Somescientistssayno',anddismisstheveryideaofArtificialIntelligence.Thehumanbrain,theyargue,isthemostcomplicatedsystemevercreated,andanymachinedesignedtoreproducehumanthoughtisboundtofail.PhysicistRogerPenroseofOxfordUniversityandothersbelievethatmachinesarephysicallyincapableofhumanthought.ColinMcGinnofRutgersUniversitybacksthisupwhenhesaysthatArtificialIntelligence'islikesheeptryingtodocomplicatedpsychoanalysis.Theyjustdon'thavetheconceptualequipmenttheyneedintheirlimitedbrains'.B.ArtificialIntelligence,orAl,isdifferentfrommosttechnologiesinthatscientistsstillunderstandverylittleabouthowintelligenceworks.PhysicistshaveagoodunderstandingofNewtonianmechanicsandthequantumtheoryofatomsandmolecules,whereasthebasiclawsofintelligenceremainamystery.Butasizeablenumberofmathematiciansandcomputerscientists,whoarespecialistsinthearea,areoptimisticaboutthepossibilities.Tothemitisonlyamatteroftimebeforeathinkingmachinewalksoutofthelaboratory.Overtheyears,variousproblemshaveimpededalleffortstocreaterobots.Toattackthesedifficulties,researcherstriedtousethe'top-downapproach',usingacomputerinanattempttoprogramalltheessentialrulesontoasingledisc.Byinsertingthisintoamachine,itwouldthenbecomeself-awareandattainhuman-likeintelligence.C.Inthe1950sand1960sgreatprogresswasmade,buttheshortcomingsoftheseprototyperobotssoonbecameclear.Theywerehugeandtookhourstonavigateacrossaroom.Meanwhile,afruitfly,withabraincontainingonlyafractionofthecomputingpower,caneffortlesslynavigateinthreedimensions.Ourbrains,likethefruitfly's,unconsciouslyrecognisewhatweseebyperformingcountlesscalculations.Thisunconsciousawarenessofpatternsisexactlywhatcomputersaremissing.Thesecondproblemisrobots'lackofcommonsense.Humansknowthatwateriswetandthatmothersareolderthantheirdaughters.Butthereisnomathematicsthatcanexpressthesetruths.Childrenlearntheintuitivelawsofbiologyandphysicsbyinteractingwiththerealworld.Robotsknowonlywhathasbeenprogrammedintothem.D.Becauseofthelimitationsofthetop-downapproachtoArtificialIntelligence,attemptshavebeenmadetousea'bottom-up'approachinstead-thatis,totrytoimitateevolutionandthewayababylearns.RodneyBrookswasthedirectorofMIT'sArtificialIntelligencelaboratory,famousforitslumbering'top-down'walkingrobots.Hechangedthecourseofresearchwhenheexploredtheunorthodoxideaoftiny'insectoid'robotsthatlearnedtowalkbybumpingintothingsinsteadofcomputingmathematicallytheprecisepositionoftheirfeet.TodaymanyofthedescendantsofBrooks'insectoidrobotsareonMarsgatheringdataforNASA(TheNationalAeronauticsandSpaceAdministration),runningacrossthedustylandscapeoftheplanet.Foralltheirsuccessesinmimickingthebehaviourofinsects,however,robotsusingneuralnetworkshaveperformedmiserablywhentheirprogrammershavetriedtoduplicateinthemthebehaviourofhigherorganismssuchasmammals.MIT'sMarvinMinskysummarisestheproblemsofAI:'ThehistoryofAIissortoffunnybecausethefirstrealaccomplishmentswerebeautifulthings,likeamachinethatcoulddowellinamathscourse.Butthenwestartedtotrytomakemachinesthatcouldanswerquestionsaboutsimplechildren'sstories.There'snomachinetodaythatcandothat.'E.Therearepeoplewhobelievethateventuallytherewillbeacombinationbetweenthetop-downandbottom-up,whichmayprovidethekeytoArtificialIntelligence.Asadults,weblendthetwoapproaches.Ithasbeensuggestedthatouremotionsrepresentthequalitythatmostdistinguishesusashuman,thatitisimpossibleformachinesevertohaveemotions.ComputerexpertHansMoravecthinksthatinthefuturerobotswillbeprogrammedwithemotionssuchasfeartoprotectthemselvessothattheycansignaltohumanswhentheirbatteriesarerunninglow,forexample.Emotionsarevitalindecision-making.Peoplewhohavesufferedacertainkindofbraininjurylosetheabilitytoexperienceemotionsandbecomeunabletomakedecisions.Withoutemotionstoguidethem,theydebateendlesslyovertheiroptions.Moravecpointsoutthatasrobotsbecomemoreintelligentandareabletomakechoices,theycouldlikewisebecomeparalysedwithindecision.Toaidthem,robotsofthefuturemightneedtohaveemotionshardwiredintotheirbrains.Thereisnouniversalconsensusastowhethermachinescanbeconscious,oreven,inhumanterms,whatconsciousnessmeans.MinskysuggeststhethinkingprocessinourbrainisnotIocalisedbutspreadout,withdifferentcentrescompetingwithoneanotheratanygiventime.Consciousnessmaythenbeviewedasasequenceofthoughtsandimagesissuingfromthesedifferent,smaller'minds',eachonecompetingforourattention.Robotsmighteventuallyattaina'siliconconsciousness'.Robots,infact,mightonedayembodyanarchitectureforthinkingandprocessinginformationthatisdifferentfromours-butalsoindistinguishable.Ifthathappens,thequestionofwhethertheyreally'understand'becomeslargelyirrelevant.Arobotthathasperfectmasteryofsyntax,forallpracticalpurposes,understandswhatisbeingsaid.ReadingPassage2hassixparagraphs,A-F.Whichparagraphcontainsthefollowinginformation?Writethecorrectletter,A-F,inboxes14-20onyouranswersheet.NBYoumayuseanylettermorethanonce.

填空题Where were the children most of the time?

填空题Questions 12-14 Complete the sentences below with NO MORE THAN THREE WORDS OR A NUMBER from the passage.

填空题Having children makes men and women look younger.

填空题You should spend about 20 minutes on Questions, which are based on Reading Passage 2 below. Is it time to halt the rising tide of plastic packaging? A. Close up, plastic packaging can be a marvellous thing. Those who make a living from it call it a forgotten infrastructure that allows modern urban life to exist. Plastics have helped society defy natural limits such as the seasons, the rotting of food and the distance most of us live from where our food is produced. And yet we do not like it. Partly we do not like waste, but plastic waste, with its hydrocarbon roots and industrial manufacture, is especially galling. In 2008, the UK, for example, produced around two million tonnes of plastic waste, twice as much as in the early 1990s. The very qualities of plastic - its cheapness, its indestructible aura - make it a reproachful symbol of an unsustainable way of life. The facts, however, do not justify our unease. All plastics are, at least theoretically, recyclable. Plastic packaging makes up just 6 to 7 per cent of the contents of British dustbins by weight and less than 3 per cent of landfill. Supermarkets and brands, which are under pressure to reduce the quantity of packaging of all types that they use, are finding good environmental reasons to turn to plastic: it is lighter, so requires less energy for transportation than glass, for example; it requires relatively little energy to produce; and it is often re-usable. An Austrian study found that if plastic packaging were removed from the supply chain, other packaging would have to increase fourfold to make up for it. B. So are we just wrong about plastic packaging? Is it time to stop worrying and learn to love the disposable plastic wrapping around sandwiches? Certainly there are bigger targets for environmental savings such as improving household insulation and energy emissions. Naturally, the plastics industry is keen to point them out. What"s more, concern over plastic packaging has produced a squall of conflicting initiatives from retailers, manufacturers and local authorities. It"s a squall that dies down and then blows harder from one month to the next. "It is being left to the individual conscience and supermarkets playing the market" says Tim Lang, a professor specialising in food policy. "It"s a mess, C. Dick Searle of the Packaging Federation points out that societies without sophisticated packaging lose half their food before it reaches consumers and that in the UK, waste in supply chains is about 3 per cent. In India, it is more than 50 per cent. The difference comes later: the British throw out 30 per cent of the food they buy - an environmental cost in terms of emissions equivalent to a fifth of the cars on their roads. Packagers agree that cardboard, metals and glass all have their good points, but there"s nothing quite like plastic. With more than 20 families of polymers to choose from and then sometimes blend, packaging designers and manufacturers have a limitless variety of qualities to play with. D. But if there is one law of plastic that, in environmental terms at least, prevails over all others, it is this: a little goes a long way. This means, first, that plastic is relatively cheap to use - it represents just over one-third of the UK packaging market by value but it wraps more than half the total number of items bought. Second, it means that even though plastic encases about 53 per cent of products bought, it only makes up 20 per cent by weight of the packaging consumed. And in the packaging equation, weight is the main issue because the heavier something is, the more energy you expend moving it around. In view of this, righteous indignation against plastic can look foolish. E. One store commissioned a study to find precise data on which had less environmental impact: selling apples loose or ready-wrapped. Helene Roberts, head of packaging, explains that in fact they found apples in fours on a tray covered by plastic film needed 27 per cent less packaging in transportation than those sold loose. Steve Kelsey, a packaging designer, finds the debate frustrating. He argues that the hunger to do something quickly is diverting effort away from more complicated questions about how you truly alter supply chains. Rather than further reducing the weight of a plastic bottle, more thought should be given to how packaging can be recycled. Helene Roberts explains that their greatest packaging reduction came when the company switched to re-usable plastic crates and stopped consuming 62,000 tonnes of cardboard boxes every year. Plastic packaging is important, and it might provide a way of thinking about broader questions of sustainability. To target plastic on its own is to evade the complexity of the issues. There seems to be a universal eagerness to condemn plastic. Is this due to an inability to make the general changes in society that are really required? "Plastic as a lightweight food wrapper is now built in as the logical thing," Lang says. "Does that make it an environmentally sound system of packaging? It only makes sense if you have a structure such as exists now. An environmentally driven packaging system would look completely different." Dick Searle put the challenge another way. "The amount of packaging used today is a reflection of modern life" Questions Reading Passage 2 has five paragraphs A-E. Choose the correct heading for each paragraph, A-E, from the list of headings below. Write the correct number, i-viii, in boxes on your answer sheet. List of Headings i——A lack of consistent policy ii——Learning from experience iii——The greatest advantage iv——The role of research v——A unique material vi——An irrational anxiety vii——Avoiding the real challenges viii——A sign of things to come

填空题Questions 11-15 Complete the notes below. Write NO MORE THAN THREE WORDS for each answer. Guide for Peak District Peak District's location: five miles from Sheffield (11) Main attractions: · Bakewell Town is known for local food: (12) · Chatsworth House has formal gardens and (13) · The heart of Peak District is the Peak District (14) · The most famous cavern in Castleton is called (15)

填空题 Questions 25-26 Complete the information below by identifying TWO other indicators that protect from Alzheimer's disease. Use NO MORE THAN THREE WORDS from Reading Passage 2 for each answer. The Nun Study Indicators that protect from Alzheimer's disease: ·higher complexity in writing · {{U}}(25) {{/U}} ·no history of head trauma or stroke · {{U}}(26) {{/U}}

填空题Female participation in the economy is lower in Japan than in most other developed economies.

填空题Tang citizens were encouraged to lead a healthy lifestyle.

填空题{{B}}SECTION 1 Questions 1-10{{/B}} {{B}}Questions 1-4{{/B}}Answer the following questions using {{B}}NO MORE THAN THREE WORDS{{/B}} for each answer.

填空题Metal usually falls into two types, namely, the ferrous metals such as __________ ,and nonferrous materials such as aluminium, copper, etc.

填空题The woman wants to apply for a________for her brother.