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填空题ECO-TOURISM If you still believe the once-commonly held misconception that tourism is only an indulgence for the wealthy, you are out of step with the times! The tourism market is accessible to, and indeed marketed toward, many different sections of the community. Adventurers, fitness freaks, nature-lovers and business people all contribute to a rapidly expanding sector of the global economy. Section A This billion-dollar industry, whilst affected slightly by the unforeseen events of 11 September 2001, has experienced significant growth since the late 1980s. The subsequent economic benefits for governments are well-documented as tourism boosts foreign investment and foreign exchange. Large-scale resorts and civil infrastructure were often the only response to successful marketing and increased tourist demand. It is not surprising then that the direct impact on the environment and regional or indigenous populations became a contentious issue. Governments and big business became the target of environmentalists and activists who argued that mass tourism was not (and is not) sustainable. As hordes of tourists descended on often overcrowded beaches and overused parklands, this became apparent. Eco-tourism was born. Section B The broad concept of eco-tourism as a nature-based, culturally sensitive form of tourism was taken up enthusiastically because there appeared to be few losers. Governments were given a convenient escape route as eco-tourism appeased the environmentalists and local communities, but still provided income. Environmentalists saw eco-tourism as an alternative to mass tourism and its resource-exploiting ways. Local communities envisaged receiving at least a percentage of the tourist dollars, creating job opportunities and giving them control over the impact on their own communities. It seemed that the benefits of mass tourism were going to be expanded in the new world of eco-tourism to include cultural, social and environmental elements. Section C As evidence of the benefits of eco-tourism unfolded, the practice has spread. So much so that the United Nations nominated 2002 as the International Year of Eco-tourism. Perhaps inevitably, the meaning of eco-tourism became less clear as it enveloped the globe. It could be argued that the form of eco-tourism adopted in some cases was found wanting in certain aspects and the need for agreement on a tighter definition resulted. The eco-tourist is one who does not wish to contribute to the negative impact of large-scale tourism. He/she generally travels in small groups to low-key developments and attempts to "tread lightly" on the earth. These smaller-scale developments are environmentally responsible with a view to sustainability in all of the resources used. Their landscaping often relies on the use of native flora and they incorporate recycling methods and energy-efficient practices. Within the eco-tourist's holiday experience will be an element of education about the local environment. The emphasis is on conservation and the part that humans play in keeping ecosystems functioning. If the area is of cultural or social importance, this too is highlighted. The eco-tourist doesn't condone the exploitation of the indigenous or local community. Far from it, they insist that the host culture is acknowledged and respected. The repatriation of funds to external sources is frowned upon. Wherever possible, the benefits of an eco-tourist's holiday should be shared with the regional community-the hosts. Section D All of these elements promote minimal impact on human resources as well as on physical, cultural and environmental ones. They support conservation through education and experience. Despite the best of intentions, as popularity of eco-tourism spreads there is concern that the eco-tourist will have a more adverse effect on the environment. Critics argue that unethical tour operators wanting to take advantage of the trendy eco-tourism market print brochures that espouse the ethics of eco-tourism and show familiar emblems of green frogs and crocodiles to promote themselves but do little else. If such operators are not held accountable, the industry will not survive. Open and honest eco-tourism marketing as well as world-recognised accreditation must be endorsed and implemented. The sheer volume of tourists wanting to visit unique, unspoiled environments is also a cause for concern. Evidence of the need to restrict the number of visitors to sensitive areas exists in many eco-tourist attractions already. Hikers and bush walkers in Mount Kenya National Park have caused damage by straying from set trails and leaving food scraps behind. The number of Orca whales visiting Canada has declined in recent migratory seasons, as the restrictions placed on whale-watching boats and organisers are thought to be inadequate. Section E Eco-tourism does not guarantee sustainable tourism and it should not be viewed as a complete cure for the problems that have beset tourism. Until all stakeholders agree to a definition of eco-tourism, insist that eco-tourism operators abide by a strict code of ethics and carefully monitor the impact of eco-tourism (and all tourism), fragile ecosystems will continue to be besieged by tourists. There must be an educational program to promote ecologically-sustainable tourism across the board, so that the underlying principle in ALL forms of tourism is the management of resources. Eco-tourism can bring wealth to areas where there is nothing else but natural attractions. The reasons for visiting the Galapagos Islands in Ecuador can only be explained by an interest in nature itself, the subsequent tourist dollars, if re-injected into the community, can mean the survival of such habitats. Licenses and entry fees to some sites have, in many cases, replaced government funding as their source of income. Countries as diverse as Australia, New Zealand, Costa Rica and Kenya are developing strategies to identify and cope with the constraints that inevitably come with a long-term vision of sustainable tourism. Eco-tourism has played an important role in developing an awareness for sustainable tourism practices but governments, tourist agencies and operators must be willing to join forces with eco-tourists to ensure that natural attractions are protected from their own popularity. Questions 28-31 Look at the list of headings (I-VI) below. Choose the most suitable heading for Sections B to E. Write your answers in boxes 28-31 on your Answer Sheet. LIST OF HEADINGS I Eco-tourism Explained II The Appeal of Eco-tourism III Tourism Gives Birth to Eco-tourism IV The Future of Eco-tourism V Questioning Sustainability VI The Eco-tourist's Itinerary

填空题Most private business in China is ______ in the service sector.

填空题Questions 11-17 Complete the table below. Write NO MORE THAN TWO WORDS AND/OR A NUMBER for each answer./r/n /r/n /r/n Sports Centre Matches/r/n /r/n Item/r/n Tennis/r/n Soccer/r/n /r/n Number of teams/r/n (11) /r/n 4/r/n /r/n /r/n Age/r/n 16-22/r/n Up to (12) /r/n /r/n (13) /r/n court 2/r/n (14) /r/n /r/n Date/r/n (15) /r/n Saturday evenings/r/n /r/n (16) /r/n George Hansen/r/n (17) /r/n

填空题Questions 1-5 Complete the form below. Write NO MORE THAN ONE WORD AND/OR A NUMBER for each answer. Hotel Arbitrage Booking Form Booking #: (1) Vehicle Registration #: (2) Date of Arrival: 21 May Room #: 501 Type of room: Standard? Deluxe ? Suite ? (3) Extra requirements: (4) Identification: Driver’s Licence Length of stay: (5)

填空题{{B}}Questions 26-30{{/B}}Answer the following questions using {{B}}NO MORE THAN THREE WORDS{{/B}} for each answer.

填空题Using a________is a good way to protect your computer, except operating system and browsers updation.

填空题The ______ has nothing similar to an iPod.

填空题Reading in public is an activity that children have not always felt comfortable about doing.

填空题Choose the correct letter, A, B or C.

填空题CHANGES IN MALE BODY IMAGE A. The pressures on women to look slender, youthful and attractive have been extensively documented, but changing expectations for women"s bodies have varied widely. From voluptuous and curvy in the days of Marilyn Monroe, to slender and androgynous when Twiggy hit the London scene in the mid-1960s, and then on to the towering Amazonian models of the 1980s and the "heroin chic" and size-zero obsession of today, it is not just clothes that go in and out of fashion for women. The prevailing notion of the perfect body for men, however, has remained remarkably static: broad shoulders, a big chest and arms, and rippling, visible abdominal muscles and powerful legs have long been the staple ingredients of a desirable male physique. B. A growing body of evidence suggests this is changing, however. Rootsteins, a mannequin design company in Britain, has released its newest male model—the homme nouveau —with a cinched-in 27-inch waist. "To put that into perspective," says one female fashion reporter, "I had a 27-inch waist when I was thirteen...and I was really skinny." The company suggests that the homme nouveau "redresses the prevailing "beefcake" figure by carving out a far more streamlined, sinuous silhouette to match the edgier attitude of a new generation". C. Elsewhere in the fashion industry, the label American Apparel is releasing a line of trousers in sizes no larger than a 30-inch waist, which squeezes out most of the younger male market who have an average waistline over five inches larger. Slender young men are naturally starting to dominate the catwalks and magazine pages as well. "No one wanted the big guys," model David Gandy has said, describing how his muscled physique was losing him jobs. "It was all the skinny, androgynous look. People would look at me very, very strangely when I went to castings." D. Achieving such a physique can be unattainable for those without the natural genetic make-up. "I don"t know that anyone would consider my body archetypal or as an exemplar to work towards," notes model Davo McConville. "You couldn"t aim for this; it"s defined by a vacuum of flesh, by what it"s not." Nevertheless, statistics suggest it is not just an obsession of models, celebrities and the media—more and more ordinary men are prepared to go to great lengths for a slender body. One indication is the growing number of men who are discovering surgical reconstruction. Male breast-reduction has become especially popular; in 2009 the year-on-year growth rate for this procedure rose to 44 percent in the United Kingdom. Liposuction also remains popular in the market for male body reconstructive surgery, with 35,000 such procedures being performed on men every year. E. Additionally, more men now have eating disorders than ever before. These are characterised by normal eating habits, typically either the consumption of insufficient or excessive amounts of food. Eating disorders are detrimental to the physical and mental condition of people who suffer from them, and the desire to achieve unrealistic physiques has been implicated as a cause. In 1990 only 10% of people suffering from anorexia or bulimia were believed to be male, but this figure has climbed steadily to around one quarter today. Around two in five binge eaters are men. Women still make up the majority of those afflicted by eating disorders, but the perception of it being a "girly" problem has contributed to men being less likely to pursue treatment. In 2008, male eating disorders were thrust into the spotlight when former British Deputy Prime Minister, John Prescott, admitted to habitually gorging on junk food and then inducing himself to vomit while in office. "I never admitted to this out of the shame and embarrassment," he said. "I found it difficult as a man like me to admit that I suffered from bulimia." F. In some respects, the slim male silhouette seems to be complementing, rather than displacing, the G. I. Joe physique. Men"s Health , one of the only titles to weather the floundering magazine market with sales increasing to a quarter of a million per issue, has a staple diet of bulky men on the cover who entice readers with the promise of big, powerful muscles. Advertising executives and fashion editors suggest that in times of recession and political uncertainty, the more robust male body image once again becomes desirable. Academic research supports this claim, indicating that more "feminine" features are desirable for men in comfortable and secure societies, while "masculine" physical traits are more attractive where survival comes back to the individual. A University of Aberdeen study, conducted using 4,500 women from over 30 countries, found a pronounced correlation between levels of public healthcare and the amount of effeminacy women preferred in their men. In Sweden, the country considered to have the best healthcare, 68 percent of women preferred the men who were shown with feminine facial features. In Brazil, the country with the worst healthcare in the study, only 45 percent of women were so inclined. "The results suggest that as healthcare improves, more masculine men fall out of favour," the researchers concluded. G. Ultimately, columnist Polly Vernon has written, we are left with two polarised ideals of masculine beauty. One is the sleek, slender silhouette that exudes cutting-edge style and a wealthy, comfortable lifestyle. The other is the "strong, muscular, austerity-resistant" form that suggests a man can look after himself with his own bare hands. These ideals co-exist by pulling men in different directions and encouraging them to believe they must always be chasing physical perfection, while simultaneously destabilising any firm notions of what physical perfection requires. H. As a result, attaining the ideal body becomes an ever more futile and time-consuming task. Vernon concludes that this means less time for the more important things in life, and both sexes should resist the compulsive obsession with beauty.

填空题hand-to-hand combat

填空题 Questions 29-30 Choose TWO letters from A-E. 29 ＆ 30. Which two activities are most likely to be discussed at the next learning circle? A. past exam papers B. learning styles C. lecture notes D. reading comprehension E. how to re-write lecture notes

填空题Questions 11-15 The following are essential requirements for which jobs? Write the correct letter, A, B or C, next to questions 11-15. Essential requirements A. foreign languages B. willingness to travel abroad C. professional qualificationQuestions 11-15 The following are essential requirements for which jobs? Write the correct letter, A, B or C, next to questions 11-15. Essential requirements A. foreign languages B. willingness to travel abroad C. professional qualification

填空题Write NO MORE THAN TWO WORDS for each answer.

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填空题What is the current recycling rate?

填空题The researchers used ______ that show movement to check that children went to bed at the fight times.

填空题Questions 37-40 Complete the notes below. Write NO MORE THAN THREE WORDS for each answer. British Educational System Ages 4-5: pre-primary schools Ages 5-11: (37) Ages 11-18: secondary schools · GCSE exam · (38) for university. · Training schools. · (39) offers university level courses and degrees without entry requirement. Graduates from (40) can get a free MA after some years awarding BA.

填空题Industrialised nations use a lot of energy.