填空题HDTV is filmed differently to conventional TV.

填空题 Setting up pay structures in your workplace: When it comes to setting up a pay structure for your new business, there are two broad options to choose from: the internal equity method, or the market pricing method. The internal equity method The internal equity method of pay structuring involves creating a series of grades with each grade representing a different level of pay within the company. Employment positions are set within these grades depending on the rank of internal advancement the job represents. A company determines how many grades it needs based on the number of employees and the variety of jobs in the organisation. The number of grades can be expanded at any point. As a result of their frequent use of hybrid positions, small businesses do not always benefit from pay grades. Each grade should also be given a spread, so that employees can move within their grade as they progress within their current position. Creating a minimum and a maximum spread for the company is also recommended. There should be a 15 percent progression between grades. This is vital for ensuring that promotions incur meaningful pay increases and maintain incentives for the employee to rise within the company. Market pricing method An alternative to this more traditional, grid-based method of remuneration is what is called the market pricing approach. This is quickly becoming the dominant method of pricing jobs. This approach involves an employee's position being compensated in relation to the market value of that job, not the level that specific position holds within the organisation. Using the internal equity method, for example, the chief financial officer (CFO) will probably be in the top grade and remunerated higher than an information technology worker in that organisation. Under the market pricing method there is no guarantee of this. An information technology worker with a highly demanded skill-set may be paid much more than what the CFO earns. Which is right for your business? Only you can decide which pay method is right for your business. As a general rule you may find that small, dynamic, high-turnover and high-speed growth-orientated businesses respond well to the market pricing method. This way you can individually select the most qualified and skilled candidates for each position by remunerating them at or just above the market rate so that your precious capital is not wasted on simply rewarding status. For those companies that seek to expand in a firm, controlled and more cautious manner while maintaining robust internal cohesion and high levels of staff loyalty and discipline, the internal equity method may be more suited. Questions 15-23 Complete the notes below. Choose NO MORE THAN TWO WORDS from the text for each answer. Write your answers in boxes 15-23 on your answer sheet. Internal equity method Pay organised according to a range of {{U}} {{U}} 1 {{/U}} {{/U}}—each one denotes different level of pay based on employee's position within the company. The company decides on the number of grades according to how many workers and how many different {{U}} {{U}} 2 {{/U}} {{/U}}. Not suitable for {{U}} {{U}} 3 {{/U}} {{/U}}which often have {{U}} {{U}} 4 {{/U}} {{/U}}. Gaps between pay grades are important to {{U}} {{U}} 5 {{/U}} {{/U}}for promotion. Market pricing method Pay is based on the job's {{U}} {{U}} 6 {{/U}} {{/U}}. A worker with sought-after {{U}} {{U}} 7 {{/U}} {{/U}}may earn more than a CFO. How to decide? Internal equity good for maintaining steady growth and keeping constant, reliable {{U}} {{U}} 8 {{/U}} {{/U}}. Market pricing—Money does not go on paying for {{U}} {{U}} 9 {{/U}} {{/U}}alone, but acquiring the best performers.

填空题Opportunities lead to longer education

填空题ColourBlindness—factsMales:European8in100Asian(31)in100African3in100Females:÷10Why?colourreceptorsresideinXchromosome.Thediagrambelowisarepresentationofaneye.Labelthemissingparts.WriteNOMORETHANTHREEWORDS.

填空题You should spend about 20 minutes on Questions 1-13 which are based on Reading Passage 1 below.The Origins of LaughterWhile joking and wit are uniquely human inventions, laughter certainly is not. Other creatures, including chimpanzees, gorillas and even rats, laugh. The fact that they laugh suggests that laughter has been around for a lot longer than we have.There is no doubt that laughing typically involves groups of people. "Laughter evolved as a signal to others — it almost disappears when we are alone," says Robert Provine, a neuroscientist at the University of Maryland. Provine found that most laughter comes as a polite reaction to everyday remarks such as "see you later", rather than anything particularly funny. And the way we laugh depends on the company we're keeping. Men tend to laugh longer and harder when they are with other men, perhaps as a way of bonding. Women tend to laugh more and at a higher pitch when men are present, possibly indicating flirtation or even submission.To find the origins of laughter, Provine believes we need to look at play. He points out that the masters of laughing are children, and nowhere is their talent more obvious than in the boisterous antics, and the original context is play. Well-known primate watchers, including Dian Fossey and Jane Goodall, have long argued that chimps laugh while at play. The sound they produce is known as a pant laugh. It seems obvious when you watch their behavior — they even have the same ticklish spots as we do. But after removing the context, the parallel between human laughter and a chimp's characteristic pant laugh is not so clear. When Provine played a tape of the pant laughs to 119 of his students, for example, only two guessed correctly what it was.These findings underline how chimp and human laughter vary. When we laugh the sound is usually produced by chopping up a single exhalation into a series of shorter with one sound produced on each inward and outward breath. The question is: does this pant laughter have the same source as our own laughter? New research lends weight to the idea that it does. The findings come from Elke Zimmerman, head of the Institute for Zoology in Germany, who compared the sounds made by babies and chimpanzees in response to tickling during the first year of their life. Using sound spectrographs to reveal the pitch and intensity of vocalizations, she discovered that chimp and human baby laughter follow broadly the same pattern. Zimmerman believes the closeness of baby laughter to chimp laughter supports the idea that laughter was around long before humans arrived on the scene. What started simply as a modification of breathing associated with enjoyable and playful interactions has acquired a symbolic meaning as an indicator of pleasure.Pinpointing when laughter developed is another matter. Humans and chimps share a common ancestor that lived perhaps 8 million years ago, but animals might have been laughing long before that. More distantly related primates, including gorillas, laugh, and anecdotal evidence suggests that other social mammals can do too. Scientists are currently testing such stories with a comparative analysis of just how common laughter is among animals. So far, though, the most compelling evidence for laughter beyond primates comes from research done by Jaak Panksepp from Bowling Green State University, Ohio, into the ultrasonic chirps produced by rats during play and in response to tickling.All this still doesn't answer the question of why we laugh at all. One idea is that laughter and tickling originated as a way of sealing the relationship between mother and child. Another is that the reflex response to tickling is protective, alerting us to the presence of crawling creatures that might harm us or compelling us to defend the parts of our bodies that are most vulnerable in hand-to-hand combat. But the idea that has gained the most popularity in recent years is that laughter in response to tickling is a way for two individuals to signal and test their trust in one another. This hypothesis starts from the observation that although a little tickle can be enjoyable, if it goes on too long it can be torture. By engaging in a bout of tickling, we put ourselves at the mercy of another individual, and laughing is what makes it a reliable signal of trust, according to Tom Flamson, a laughter researcher at the University of California, Los Angels. "Even in rats, laughter, tickle, play and trust are linked. Rats chirp a lot when they play," says Flamson. "These chirps can be aroused by tickling. And they get bonded to us as a result, which certainly seems like a show of trust."We'll never know which animal laughed the first laugh, or why. But we can be sure it wasn't in response to a prehistoric joke. The funny thing is that while the origins of laughter are probably quite serious, we owe human laughter and our language-based humor to the same unique skill. While other animals pant, we alone can control our breath well enough to produce the sound of laughter. Without that control there would also be no speech — and no jokes to endure.Questions 1-6Look at the following research findings(Questions 1-6)and the list of people below.Match each finding with the correct person, A, B, C or D.Write the correct letter, A, B, C or D, in boxes 1-6 on your answer sheet.NB You may use any letter more than once.List of PeopleA ProvineB ZimmermanC PankseppD Flamson

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填空题{{B}}Questions 5-8{{/B}}Complete the following information about the books Jack recommends to Ahmed using {{B}}NO MORE THAN THREE WORDS{{/B}} for each gap. Title Author/Publisher Cost Contents 5.______ Ben Jones $20 advice on tax,6.______ ,accounts 7.______ the government $40 laws and tax code, addresses of government offices, samples of 8.______,explanatory notes

填空题Questions 17-20 Write NO MORE THAN THREE WORDS for each answer.

填空题Bertie would like to __________ restaurants in the same area before selection.

填空题 Age of the Printing Press 1454 Gutenberg Printing Press inventedType blocks-constructed from molten metal-arranged toform text then pressed onto paperMoulds for letters made with a (34) 15th-18th century Consequences of printing press:　　　　- ideas (35)　　　　- groups try to control printing　　　　- printers persecutedPrint shops proliferate:　　　　- first half century more than 1,000in over (36) cities 1816(37) Steam press inventedRotary steam press invented　　　　- printing takes 16% as long 188518891896 Punch-cutting mechanisedLinotype - further 85% reduction in labour　　　　- made tons and tons of metal typeface (38)Monotype 1950s Photocomposition-typeface projected ontophotosensitive (39) 1970s Digital-printing technology becomes (40) in hands ofconsumers

填空题put in place

填空题 Student level 25 ______ Time 50 minutes Class profile academic, 3-months study, improve spoken English Aims elicit reading comprehension and speaking abilities for storytelling, practice present siraple and the past simple Teacher's aims 26 ______ Assumptions students can understand instructions Anticipated problems students may not know some extreme sports 27 ______ Solutions elicit differences using questions Teaching aids textbook, blackboard, chalk, chalk eraser, pieces of 28______climbing.

填空题The car uses a ______ locking system.

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填空题How the effect of having less sleep was measured.

填空题 Questions 10-13 Complete the sentences below. Use NO MORE THAN THREE WORDS for each answer. Write your answers in boxes 10-13 on your Answer Sheet.

填空题The ingredients of a once-popular drink.

填空题Listen to the statement and complete the table below. Write NO MORE THAN TWO WORDS for each blank.

填空题in this respect

填空题Answer the questions below. Write NO MORE THAN THREE WORDS for each answer