填空题Questions19-21Completethegraphbelow:WriteNOMORETHANTWOWORDSforeachanswer.'*'meansthesplitinourlineagecausessplitinmalarialineage

填空题The professor thinks it won’t________whether the girl hands the essay over today or tomorrow.

填空题Do the following statements agree with the information given in the text? {{B}}Write TRUE{{/B}} if the information in the text agrees with the statement. {{B}}Write FALSE{{/B}} if the information in the text contradicts the statement. {{B}}Write NOT GIVEN{{/B}} if there is no information on this.

填空题{{B}}Questions 26-30{{/B}}Complete the following statements using {{B}}NO MORE THAN TWO WORDS{{/B}} for each gap.

填空题{{B}}Questions 39-40{{/B}}{{B}}Complete the following notes on recommended books. Use NO MORE THAN THREE WORDS for each answer.{{/B}} Title Author Suggested units 39______ Tony Lynch 6 and 12 Learning to Study in English Brian Heaton and Don Dunmore 40______

填空题You should spend about 20 minutes on Questions 14-26, which are based on Reading Passage 1 below. You Are Here: How Digital Maps Are Changing the Landscape of the 21st Century A Buried beneath November's headlines depicting rising tensions on the Korean Peninsula, European economic woes, and the disclosure of confidential State Department cables, a meaningful geopolitical event went largely overlooked: Nicaragua invaded Costa Rica. There was no shooting war and the incident involved only a small swath of disputed territory along the San Juan River, part of which divides the two nations. But a Nicaraguan commander added an interesting wrinkle to the narrative when he dragged an unlikely culprit into the dispute: Google. The commander cited Google Maps, which had erroneously depicted a stretch of the border in Nicaragua's favour by as much as 1.7 miles. Google quickly moved to amend the faulty border data and sportingly apologised. B The incident raises some interesting issues concerning the future of mapmaking that, thus far, our brave new digital world hasn't yet been forced to confront. Whereas cartography—particularly the act (or the art) of drawing political lines on geographical charts—used to be the purview of nations and international bodies, commercial entities like Google, Bing, Mapquest, and other digital services are the principal mapmakers of the 21st century. C Orbiting GeoEye satellites and camera-equipped Google sedans are the Magellans of the digital age, dispatched to explore and catalogue—and most importantly make public—unprecedented amounts of geographical data via the Web. If anyone wants to locate anything—be it a coffee house, a post office, or an international boundary users log into Google or Bing, not the U.N. or the U.S. Geological Survey (USGS). But these commercial maps are compiled from a variety of sources and often blend government-derived mapping data with user-generated content. As such, they are subject to conflicting information, differences of political opinion and—as the Nicaraguan incident shows—outright error. D 'With a lot of these web-based tools, the need for formal training in cartography is going away, and that's both a good thing and a bad thing,' says Dr. Brian Tomaszewski, an assistant professor in the Department of Information Sciences people find borders by looking at maps, and in the 21st century people consult maps by opening their Web browsers. G 'We look at the computer and say "how can it be wrong, it's on the computer",' says Dr. Frank Galgano, professor and chairman of Villanova University's Geography and the Environment Department. It's to the computer that the world increasingly turns to find just about everything, lending digital mapmakers incredible power to shape users' geospatial perceptions. H What's largely missing is the healthy skepticism that users apply to other piecemeal compendia of information like Wikipedia, Galgano says. Google knows its maps contain errors; it says so in the user agreement (you read that closely, didn't you?). For those people searching for the nearest Starbucks in Manhattan these errors are largely negligible. But for an American hiking near the Iranian border, they can lead to miscalculations with serious consequences. I 'People are forgetting to use common sense and critical thinking,' Tomaszewski says. 'Google Maps isn't an official mapping agency like a government. They buy or acquire data and then assemble it into a map. It's almost frightening to think that militaries or governments might rely on Google as the final word on boundaries or borders between nations.' J But there are a variety of reasons why a government or military might do so, not least of which is the lack of anything better. In the United States, the USGS maintains an extensive collection of publicly available map data accurate down to about 130 feet. Many other nations treat their official maps as state secrets. Still others don't have the resources to produce accurate maps at all. That makes commercial, publicly available maps like Google's very attractive, if not any more authoritative. K Why Nicaragua chose to use a Google Map to justify military actions along a tense border is something for the geopolicy wonks to debate. Regardless, the incident embodies the changing nature and impact of cartography in a rapidly digitising environment. After all, borders are nothing more than imaginary lines enforced by mutual agreement. Cartography is inexact enough already, and the blurring line between 'official' cartography and commercial maps rich in content but low in complexity further compounds that lack of concreteness. L That's not to say commercial maps don't carry tremendous value. Their accessibility has revolutionised the way people use maps, particularly as they pertain to commerce. The economic importance of being 'on the map' may not be outwardly apparent, but consider the case of Sunrise, Fla.; the community of 90,000 has inexplicably disappeared from Google Maps three times since August of last year. During these 'blackouts', local businesses reported flattening commerce as new customers couldn't locate them. Online orders ground to a halt for some businesses. After all, how would anyone find a florist or automotive shop that's not searchable? When Sunrise disappeared from Google Maps, it might as well have disappeared completely. M So what makes a real map in the 21st century? Some would argue that the musty old analogue maps tucked into national archives around the world are still the real deal, invested with the authority of governments. But if asked which is more important to their everyday lives, the citizens of Sunrise, Fla., might argue that commercial maps, regardless of inaccuracies or oversimplifications, represent a far greater social and economic utility. To the average person, commercial maps like those compiled by Google, Bing, or Yahoo have become at least as equally important as their 'official' counterparts.

填空题 Questions 17-20 Complete the summary of International Driving Licenses below. Use NO MORE THAN THREE WORDS for each answer International Driving Licenses cannot be used in the {{U}}(17) {{/U}} . They may only be used in some countries for {{U}}(18) {{/U}} . Drivers using International Driving Licenses must obey the {{U}}(19) {{/U}} of the country that they are driving in. The driver must be responsible for learning the rules of the host country, because if they break the rules, they may be {{U}}(20) {{/U}} .

填空题Reading Passage 1 has five sections A-E. Choose the correct heading for each section from the list of headings below. Write the correct number i-viii in boxes 1-5 on your answer sheet. List of Headings i. Financial costs ii. Decline and disuse iii. Birth and development iv. Political uses of Nu shu v. The social role of Nu shu vi. Last of the Nu shu speakers vii. Characteristics of written Nu shu viii. Revival and contemporary interest Nu shu — a secret language — A. It is sometimes said that men and women communicate in different languages. For hundreds of years in the Jianyong County of Hunan province, China, this was quite literally the case. Sometime between 400 and 1,000 years ago women defied the patriarchal norms of the time that forbade them to read or write, and conceived of Nu shu —literally, "women"s language"—a secretive script and language of their own. Through building informal networks of "sworn sisters" who committed themselves to teaching the language only to other women, and by using it artistically in ways that could be passed off as artwork (such as writing characters on a decorative fan), Nu shu was able to grow and spread without attracting too much suspicion. B. Nu shu has many orthographical distinctions from the standard Chinese script. Whereas standard Chinese has large, bold strokes that look as if they might have been shaped with a thick permanent marker pen, Nu shu characters are thin, slanted and have a slightly "scratchy" appearance that bears more similarity to calligraphy. Whereas standard Chinese is logographic, with characters that represent words and meanings, Nu shu is completely phonetic—each character represents a sound; the meaning must be acquired from the context of what is being said. Users of Nu shu developed coded meanings for various words and phrases, but it is likely that only a tiny fraction of these will ever be known. Many secrets of Nu shu have gone to the grave. C. Nu shu was developed as a way to allow women to communicate with one another in confidence. To some extent this demand came from a desire for privacy, and Nu shu allowed women a forum for personal written communication in a society that was dominated by a male-orientated social culture. There was also a practical element to the rise of Nu shu , however: until the mid 20th century, women were rarely encouraged to become literate in the standard Chinese script. Nu shu provided a practical and easy-to-learn alternative. Women who were separated from their families and friends by marriage could therefore send "letters" to each other. Unlike traditional correspondence, however, Nu shu characters were painted or embroidered onto everyday items like fans, pillowcases and handkerchiefs and embodied in "artwork" in order to avoid making men suspicious. D. After the Chinese Revolution, more women were encouraged to become literate in the standard Chinese script, and much of the need for a special form of women"s communication was dampened. When the Red Guard discovered the script in the 1960s, they thought it to be a code used for espionage. Upon learning that it was a secret women"s language they were suspicious and fearful. Numerous letters, weavings, embroideries and other artifacts were destroyed and women were forbidden to practise Nu shu customs. As a consequence, the generational chains of linguistic transmission were broken up, and the language ceased being passed clown through sworn sisters. There is no longer anyone alive who has learnt Nu shu in this traditional manner; Yang Huanyi, the last proficient user of the language, died on September 20, 2004, in her late 90s. E. In recent years, however, popular and scholarly interest in Nu shu has blossomed. The Ford Foundation granted US $209,000 to build a Nu shu Museum that houses artifacts such as audio recordings, manuscripts and articles, some of which date back over 100 years. The investment from Hong Kong SAR is also being used to build infrastructure at potential tourist sites in Hunan, and some schools in the area have begun instruction in the language. Incidentally, the use of Nu shu is also a theme in Lisa See"s historical novel, Snow Flower and the Secret Fan , which has since been adapted for film.

填空题Martina says that native speaker students often continue talking even if non-native speaker students, like her, ______.

填空题Questions 11-15 Complete the notes below. Write NO MORE THAN THREE WORDS AND/OR A NUMBER for each answer. Campus Clinic Patient's name: Mary Nixon Faculty (11) Registered No. (12) Date of birth: 20th November, 1987 Nationality: (13) Address: (14) Case history: (15)

填空题Paragraph 　E

填空题Questions 11-15 Label the map below

填空题Geniuses often pay a high price to achieve greatness.

填空题GSBF lamps would be cheaper if it weren't for ______.

填空题The speakers are talking about the book named________.

填空题It is probably a good idea to keep dress as a role sign even nowadays.

填空题 Telepathy Experiments Name/Date Description Result Flaw Ganzfeld studies 1982 Involved a person acting as a (31) who picked out one (32) from a random selection of four, and a (33) who then tried to identify it. Hit-rates were higher than with random guessing. Positive results could be produced by factors such as (34) or (35) . Autoganzfeld studies 1987 (36) were used for key tasks to limit the amount of (37) in carrying out the tests. The results were then subjected to a (38) . The (39) between different test results was put down to the fact that sample groups were not (40) (as with most ganzfeld studies).

填空题Questions 28-32 Do the following statements agree with the information given in Reading Passage 2 ? In boxes 28-32 on your answer sheet, write TRUE if the statement agrees with the information FALSE if the statement contradicts the information NOT GIVEN if there is no information on this

填空题The social science reading room

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