Choose TWO letters, A-E.Which TWO pre-existing features of the site are now part of the new facilities?A football stadiumB playing fieldsC passenger hallD control towerE aircraft hangars

In boxes 30-36 on your answer sheet, writeYES if the statement agrees with the claims of the writerNO if the statement contradicts the claims of the writerNOT GIVEN if it is impossible to say what the writer thinks about this

People today can perform everyday tasks such as shopping, banking or even business transactions, without meeting others face to face. What are the effects it may have on individuals and society as a whole? Is it a positive or negative development?

Choose the correct answer, A, B or C.

Complete the summary below.Write NO MORE THAN ONE WORD from the text for each answer.Write your answers in boxes 24-26 on your answer sheet. A revolutionary materialPlastic packaging has changed the way we consume food. However, we instinctively dislike it, partly because it is the product of【R24】______processes, but also because it seems to be【R25】______so we feel it is wasteful. Nevertheless, it is thanks to plastic that for many people their choice of food is no longer restricted by the【R26】______in which it is available or the location of its source.

Complete each sentence with the correct ending, A-G, below. Write the correct letter, A-G, in boxes 37-40 on your answer sheet.A inconsistencies between height, skeleton and dental evidence.B the fact that human beings walk on two legs.C the way teeth grew.D a need to be dependent on others for survival.E difficult climatic conditions.F increased quantities of food.G the existence of much larger brains than previously.

You should spend about 20 minutes on this task. You are a student who has returned to your home country. Write a thank-you letter to your home stay family stating what you particularly enjoyed about your stay. Write at least 150 words.

Youshouldspendabout20minutesonthistask.Thechartbelowshowsthedifferentlevelsofpost-schoolqualificationsinAustraliaandtheproportionofmenandwomenwhoheldthemin1999.Summarisetheinformationbyselectingandreportingthemainfeatures,andmakecomparisonswhererelevant.Writeatleast150words.

You should spend about 20 minutes on Questions 27-40, which are based on Reading Passage 3 below. Robert Louis StevensonA Scottish novelist, poet, essayist, and travel writer, Robert Louis Stevenson was born at 8 Howard Place, Edinburgh, Scotland, on 13 November 1850. It has been more than 100 years since his death. Stevenson was a writer who caused conflicting opinions about his works. On one hand, he was often highly praised for his expert prose and style by many English-language critics. On the other hand, others criticised the religious themes in his works, often misunderstanding Stevenson's own religious beliefs. Since his death a century before, critics and biographers have disagreed on the legacy of Stevenson's writing. Two biographers, KF and CP , wrote a biography about Stevenson with a clear focus. They chose not to criticise aspects of Stevenson's personal life. Instead, they focused on his writing, and gave high praise to his writing style and skill.The literary pendulum has swung these days. Different critics have different opinions towards Robert Louis Stevenson's works. Though today, Stevenson is one of the most translated authors in the world, his works have sustained a wide variety of negative criticism throughout his life. It was like a complete reversal of polarity—from highly positive to slightly less positive to clearly negative; after being highly praised as a great writer, he became an example of an author with corrupt ethics and lack of moral. Many literary critics passed his works off as children's stories or horror stories, and thought to have little social value in an educational setting. Stevenson's works were often excluded from literature curriculum because of its controversial nature. These debates remain, and many critics still assert that despite his skill, his literary works still lack moral value.One of the main reasons why Stevenson's literary works attracted so much criticism was due to the genre of his writing. Stevenson mainly wrote adventure stories, which was part of a popular and entertaining writing fad at the time. Many of us believe adventure stories are exciting, offers engaging characters, action, and mystery but ultimately can't teach moral principles. The plot points are one-dimensional and rarely offer a deeper moral meaning, instead focusing on exciting and shocking plot twists and thrilling events. His works were even criticised by fellow authors. Though Stevenson's works have deeply influenced Oscar Wilde, Wilde often joked that Stevenson would have written better works if he wasn't born in Scotland. Other authors came to Stevenson's defence, including Galsworthy who claimed that Stevenson is a greater writer than Thomas Hardy.Despite Wilde's criticism, Stevenson's Scottish identity was an integral part of his written works. Although Stevenson's works were not popular in Scotland when he was alive, many modern Scottish literary critics claim that Sir Walter Scott and Robert Louis Stevenson are the most influential writers in the history of Scotland. While many critics exalt Sir Walter Scott as a literary genius because of his technical ability, others argue that Stevenson deserves the same recognition for his natural ability to capture stories and characters in words. Many of Scott's works were taken more seriously as literature for their depth due to their tragic themes, but fans of Stevenson praise his unique style of story-telling and capture of human nature. Stevenson's works, unlike other British authors, captured the unique day to day life of average Scottish people. Many literary critics point to this as a flaw of his works. According to the critics, truly important literature should transcend local culture and stories. However, many critics praise the local taste of his literature. To this day, Stevenson's works provide valuable insight to life in Scotland during the 19th century.Despite much debate of Stevenson's writing topics, his writing was not the only source of attention for critics. Stevenson's personal life often attracted a lot of attention from his fans and critics alike. Some even argue that his personal life eventually outshone his writing. Stevenson had been plagued with health problems his whole life, and often had to live in much warmer climates than the cold, dreary weather of Scotland in order to recover. So he took his family to a south pacific island Samoa, which was a controversial decision at that time. However, Stevenson did not regret the decision. The sea air and thrill of adventure complimented the themes of his writing, and for a time restored his health. From there, Stevenson gained a love of travelling, and for nearly three years he wandered the eastern and central Pacific. Much of his works reflected this love of travel and adventure that Stevenson experienced in the Pacific islands. It was as a result of this biographical attention that the feeling grew that interest in Stevenson's life had taken the place of interest in his works. Whether critics focus on his writing subjects, his religious beliefs, or his eccentric lifestyle of travel and adventure, people from the past and present have different opinions about Stevenson as an author. Today, he remains a controversial yet widely popular figure in Western literature.Questions 27-31Choose the correct letter, A, B, C or D.Write the correct letter in boxes 27-31 on your answer sheet.

Complete the form below.Write NO MORE THAN TWO WORDS for each answer. PRIME RECRUITMENT Employee recordExample Answer Surname __Riley__Email 【L1】______@worldnet.comNationality【L2】______Reference Name: John Keen(professional)Job: manager of【L3】______Reference Name: Eileen Dorsini(personal)Job:【L4】______Special current【L5】______certificatequalifications certificate of competence in【L6】______

Complete the sentences below.Write NO MORE THAN TWO WORDS AND/OR A NUMBER for each answer.

Some people argue that teaching children of different abilities together benefits all of them. Others believe that intelligent children should be taught separately and given special treatment. Discuss both views and give your own opinion.

You should spend about 20 minutes on Questions 1-13, which are based on Reading Passage 1 below. What the Managers Really Do?When students graduate and first enter the workforce, the most common choice is to find an entry-level position. This can be a job such as an unpaid internship, an assistant, a secretary, or a junior partner position. Traditionally, we start with simpler jobs and work our way up. Young professionals start out with a plan to become senior partners, associates, or even managers of a workplace. However, these promotions can be few and far between, leaving many young professionals unfamiliar with management experience. An important step is understanding the role and responsibilities of a person in a managing position. Managers are organisational members who are responsible for the work performance of other organisational members. Managers have formal authority to use organisational resources and to make decisions. Managers at different levels of the organisation engage in different amounts of time on the four managerial functions of planning, organising, leading, and controlling.However, as many professionals already know, managing styles can be very different depending on where you work. Some managing styles are strictly hierarchical. Other managing styles can be more casual and relaxed, where the manager may act more like a team member rather than a strict boss. Many researchers have created a more scientific approach in studying these different approaches to managing. In the 1960s, researcher Henry Mintzberg created a seminal organisational model using three categories. These categories represent three major functional approaches, which are designated as interpersonal, informational and decisional.Introduced Category 1: INTERPERSONAL ROLES. Interpersonal roles require managers to direct and supervise employees and the organisation. The figurehead is typically a top of middle manager. This manager may communicate future organisational goals or ethical guidelines to employees at company meetings. They also attend ribbon-cutting ceremonies, host receptions, presentations and other activities associated with the figurehead role. A leader acts as an example for other employees to follow, gives commands and directions to subordinates, makes decisions, and mobilises employee support. They are also responsible for the selection and training of employees. Managers must be leaders at all levels of the organisation; often lower-level managers look to top management for this leadership example. In the role of liaison, a manager must coordinate the work of others in different work units, establish alliances between others, and work to share resources. This role is particularly critical for middle managers, who must often compete with other managers for important resources, yet must maintain successful working relationships with them for long time periods.Introduced Category 2: INFORMATIONAL ROLES. Informational roles are those in which managers obtain and transmit information. These roles have changed dramatically as technology has improved. The monitor evaluates the performance of others and takes corrective action to improve that performance. Monitors also watch for changes in the environment and within the company that may affect individual and organisational performance. Monitoring occurs at all levels of management. The role of disseminator requires that managers inform employees of changes that affect them and the organisation. They also communicate the company's vision and purpose.Introduced Category 3: DECISIONAL ROLES. Decisional roles require managers to plan strategy and utilise resources. There are four specific roles that are decisional. The entrepreneur role requires the manager to assign resources to develop innovative goods and services, or to expand a business. The disturbance handler corrects unanticipated problems facing the organisation from the internal or external environment. The third decisional role, that of resource allocator, involves determining which work units will get which resources. Top managers are likely to make large, overall budget decisions, while middle managers may make more specific allocations. Finally, the negotiator works with others, such as suppliers, distributors, or labor unions, to reach agreements regarding products and services.Although Mintzberg's initial research in 1960s helped categorise manager approaches, Mintzberg was still concerned about research involving other roles in the workplace. Minstzberg considered expanding his research to other roles, such as the role of disseminator, figurehead, liaison and spokesperson. Each role would have different special characteristics, and a new categorisation system would have to be made for each role to understand it properly.While Mintzberg's initial research was helpful in starting the conversation, there has since been criticism of his methods from other researchers. Some criticisms of the work were that even though there were multiple categories, the role of manager is still more complex. There are still many manager roles that are not as traditional and are not captured in Mintzberg's original three categories. In addition, sometimes, Mintzberg's research was not always effective. The research, when applied to real-life situations, did not always improve the management process in real-life practice.These two criticisms against Mintzberg's research method raised some questions about whether or not the research was useful to how we understand "managers" in today's world. However, even if the criticisms against Mintzberg's work are true, it does not mean that the original research from the 1960s is completely useless. Those researchers did not say Mintzberg's research is invalid. His research has two positive functions to the further research.The first positive function is Mintzberg provided a useful functional approach to analyse management. And he used this approach to provide a clear concept of the role of manager to the researcher. When researching human behavior, it is important to be concise about the subject of the research. Mintzberg's research has helped other researchers clearly define what a "manager" is, because in real-life situations, the "manager" is not always the same position title. Mintzberg's definitions added clarity and precision to future research on the topic.The second positive function is Mintzberg's research could be regarded as a good beginning to give a new insight to further research on this field in the future. Scientific research is always a gradual process. Just because Mintzberg's initial research had certain flaws, does not mean it is useless to other researchers. Researchers who are interested in studying the workplace in a systematic way have older research to look back on. A researcher doesn't have to start from the very beginning— older research like Mintzberg's have shown what methods work well and what methods are not as appropriate for workplace dynamics. As more young professionals enter the job market, this research will continue to study and change the way we think about the modern workplace.Questions 1-6Look at the following discriptions or deeds (Questions 1-6) and the list of categories below.Match each description or deed with the correct category, A, B or C.Write the correct letter, A, B, or C, in boxes 1-6 on your answer sheet.NB You may use any letter more than once.List of CategoriesA INTERPERSONAL ROLES B INFORMATIONAL ROLES C DECISIONAL ROLES

Complete the flow-chart below.Choose ONE WORD ONLY from the passage for each answer.Write your answers in boxes 8-13 on your answer sheet. The Career of Nancy AthfieldDuring her mid-teens, Nancy wasn't expected to attend 【R8】______. ↓Willard Billy later helped Nancy to find that she was interested in science. ↓Her PhD degree was researching when a kind of 【R9】______first went into New Zealand. ↓Her research showed that the subject's 【R10】______accounted for the fault in the earlier research. ↓She was a professional 【R11】______before she went back to Cambodia in 2003. ↓When she returned Cambodia, the lack of 【R12】______was a barrier for her research. ↓Then she compiled the 【R13】______of the Cambodia radiocarbon dating of the ancients. ↓After that, the lack of a detailed map of the geology of Cambodia became a hindrance of her research.

Some people suggest higher education should be funded by the government, while others think students should pay the course fees themselves. Discuss both views and give your opinion.

Do the following statements agree with the information given in Reading Passage 1 ? In boxes 5-13 on your answer sheet, writeTRUE if the statement agrees with the informationFALSE if the statement contradicts the informationNOT GIVEN if there is no information on this

You should spend about 20 minutes on Questions 27-40, which are based on Reading Passage 3 below. The Future of the World's LanguageOf the world's 6,500 living languages, around half are expected to die out by the end of this century, according to UNESCO. Just 11 are spoken by more than half of the earth's population, so it is little wonder that those used by only a few are being left behind as we become a more homogenous, global society. In short, 95 percent of the world's languages are spoken by only five percent of its population—a remarkable level of linguistic diversity stored in tiny pockets of speakers around the world. Mark Turin, a university professor, has launched WOLP (World Oral Language Project) to prevent the language from the brink of extinction.He is trying to encourage indigenous communities to collaborate with anthropologists around the world to record what he calls "oral literature" through video cameras, voice recorders and other multimedia tools by awarding grants from a ￡30,000 pot that the project has secured this year. The idea is to collate this literature in a digital archive that can be accessed on demand and will make the nuts and bolts of lost cultures readily available.For many of these communities, the oral tradition is at the heart of their culture. The stories they tell are creative as well as communicative. Unlike the languages with celebrated written traditions, such as Sanskrit, Hebrew and Ancient Greek, few indigenous communities have recorded their own languages or ever had them recorded until now.The project suggested itself when Turin was teaching in Nepal. He wanted to study for a PhD in endangered languages and, while discussing it with his professor at Leiden University in the Netherlands, was drawn to a map on his tutor's wall. The map was full of pins of a variety of colours which represented all the world's languages that were completely undocumented. At random, Turin chose a "pin" to document. It happened to belong to the Thangmi tribe, an indigenous community in the hills east of Kathmandu, the capital of Nepal. "Many of the choices anthropologists and linguists who work on these traditional field-work projects are quite random," he admits.Continuing his work with the Thangmi community in the 1990s, Turin began to record the language he was hearing, realising that not only was this language and its culture entirely undocumented, it was known to few outside the tiny community. He set about trying to record their language and myth of origins. "I wrote 1,000 pages of grammar in English that nobody could use—but I realised that wasn't enough. It wasn't enough for me, it wasn't enough for them. It simply wasn't going to work as something for the community. So then I produced this trilingual word list in Thangmi, Nepali and English."In short, it was the first ever publication of that language. That small dictionary is still sold in local schools for a modest 20 rupees, and used as part of a wider cultural regeneration process to educate children about their heritage and language. The task is no small undertaking: Nepal itself is a country of massive ethnic and linguistic diversity, home to 100 languages from four different language families. What's more, even fewer ethnic Thangmi speak the Thangmi language. Many of the community members have taken to speaking Nepali, the national language taught in schools and spread through the media, and community elders are dying without passing on their knowledge.Despite Turin's enthusiasm for his subject, he is baffled by many linguists' refusal to engage in the issue he is working on. "Of the 6,500 languages spoken on Earth, many do not have written traditions and many of these spoken forms are endangered," he says. "There are more linguists in universities around the world than there are spoken languages—but most of them aren't working on this issue. To me it's amazing that in this day and age, we still have an entirely incomplete image of the world's linguistic diversity. People do PhDs on the apostrophe in French, yet we still don't know how many languages are spoken.""When a language becomes endangered, so too does a cultural world view. We want to engage with indigenous people to document their myths and folklore, which can be harder to find funding for if you are based outside Western universities."Yet, despite the struggles facing initiatives such as the World Oral Literature Project, there are historical examples that point to the possibility that language restoration is no mere academic pipe dream. The revival of a modern form of Hebrew in the 19th century is often cited as one of the best proofs that languages long dead, belonging to small communities, can be resurrected and embraced by a large number of people. By the 20th century, Hebrew was well on its way to becoming the main language of the Jewish population of both Ottoman and British Palestine. It is now spoken by more than seven million people in Israel.Yet, despite the difficulties these communities face in saving their languages, Dr Turin believes that the fate of the world's endangered languages is not sealed, and globalisation is not necessarily the nefarious perpetrator of evil it is often presented to be. "I call it the globalisation paradox: on the one hand globalisation and rapid socio-economic change are the things that are eroding and challenging diversity. But on the other, globalisation is providing us with new and very exciting tools and facilities to get to places to document those things that globalisation is eroding. Also, the communities at the coal-face of change are excited by what globalisation has to offer."In the meantime, the race is on to collect and protect as many of the languages as possible, so that the Rai Shaman in eastern Nepal and those in the generations that follow him can continue their traditions and have a sense of identity. And it certainly is a race: Turin knows his project's limits and believes it inevitable that a large number of those languages will disappear. "We have to be wholly realistic. A project like ours is in no position, and was not designed, to keep languages alive. The only people who can help languages survive are the people in those communities themselves. They need to be reminded that it's good to speak their own language and I think we can help them do that—becoming modern doesn't mean you have to lose your language."Complete the summary using the list of words, A-J, below.Write the correct letter, A-J, in boxes 27-31 on your answer sheet.Of the world's 6,500 living languages, about half of them are expected to be extinct. Most of the world's languages are spoken by a【R27】______of people. However, Professor Turin set up a project WOLP to prevent【R28】______of the languages. The project provides the community with【R29】______to enable people to record their endangered languages. The oral tradition has great cultural【R30】______. An important【R31】______between languages spoken by few people and languages with celebrated written documents existed in many communities.A similarity B significance C funding D minorityE education F difference G education H diversityI majority J disappearance

We can get knowledge from news, but some people think we should not trust the journalists. What do you think and what are the important qualities that a journalist should have? (2016-03-05)

Completetheformbelow.WriteONEWORDAND/ORANUMBERforeachanswer.

Many people believe that the increasing use of modern technology at work and in leisure is reducing people's creativity. To what extent do you agree or disagree?