填空题Choose TWO letters, A-E.What TWO things will the woman do in the rest of the time when no activities are going on?A read more reference booksB study in libraryC interview some teachersD participate in one of fun hobbiesE join in some tutorials

填空题{{B}}HELPLINE DETAILS{{/B}} {{B}}Officer{{/B}}　　　　　　　　Jackie 16 ............................. {{B}}Address{{/B}}　　　　　　　　Student Welfare Office 　　　　　　　　　　　　13 Marshall Road {{B}}Telephone number{{/B}}　　　17 ............................. {{B}}Opening hours{{/B}}　　　　　9.30am - 6pm (weekdays) 　　　　　　　　　　　　　18 ............................. (Saturdays) 　　　　　　　　　　　Ring or visit office for 19............................. 　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　N.B. At peak times there may be a 　　　　　　　　　　　　　20 .............................

填空题Sunny Delight was originally marketed as a ______.

填空题The cost of M-Pesa.

填空题Ronalds Section A Ronalds, Sir Francis (1788-1873), inventor of the electric telegraph and meteorologist, son of Francis Ronalds, a London merchant, and of his wife, Jane, daughter of William Field, was born in London on 21 Febrary 1788. Ronalds was educated at a private school at Cheshunt by the Rev. E. Cogan. At an early age he displayed a taste for experiment, and he acquired great skill later in practical mechanics and draughtsmanship. Under the influence of Jean Andre de Luc (1727-1817), whose acquaintance he made in 1814, he began to devote himself to practical electricity in Tilloch's Philosophical Magazine, one of which records an ingenious use of De Luc's 'electric column' as a motive power for a clock. Section B Ronalds's name is chiefly remembered as the inventor of an electric telegraph. Since 1753, when the first proposal for an electric telegraph worked by statical electricity was made by a writer signing 'CM' (said to be Charles Morrison) in the Scots Magazine, successive advances had been made abroad by Volta, Le Sage, Lomond, Cavallo, Salva, and others; but much was needed to perfect the invention. Section C In 1816, Francis Ronalds, then living at Upper Mall, Hammersmith, built in his back garden two frames to accommodate eight miles of wire for his new invention of an electrostatic telegraph. In used clockwork-driven rotating dials, engraved with letters of the alphabet and numbers, synchronised with each other, at both ends of the circuit. For the past three or four years, encouraged by the octogenarian Swiss meteorologist, Jean Andre De Luc, Ronalds had been enthusiastically experimenting with electrostatic clockwork devices. When someone desired to send a message he earthed the wire at his end at the moment when the dial indicated the desired letter. At he receiving end the pith balls would fall together when earthed and the recipient noted the letter showing on his dial at that moment. The system was slow and depended on the two dials staying in step, but Ronalds successfully transmitted and received letters over 150 metres of wire; later he succeeded in sending messages through eight miles of iron wire suspended above his garden in London. After sending messages along his wires on the frame, he developed another version in which the wires were enclosed in glass tubes buried in the ground. At each end of the line a clockwork mechanism turned synchronously revolving discs with letters on them. A frictional-electricity machine kept the wire continuously charged, while at each end two pith balls hung from the wire on silk threads, and since they were similarly charged from the wire they stayed apart. Ronalds's instrument was of real practical use, and the brilliant idea of using synchronously rotating discs, now employed in the Hughes printing apparatus, was entirely his own. The only defect in his invention was the comparative slowness with which a succession of symbols could be transmitted. Section D With communications between London and Portsmouth in mind, he believed his telegraph would work over distances of 800 km. In the same year, Ronalds wrote to offer his invention to the Admiralty. In fact, in 1806, Ralph Wedgwood submitted a telegraph based on frictional electricity to the Admiralty, but was told that the semaphore was sufficient for the country. In a pamphlet he suggested the establishment of a telegraph system with public offices in different centres. Francis Ronalds, in 1816, brought a similar telegraph of his invention to the notice of the Admiralty, and was politely informed that 'telegraphs of any kind are now wholly unnecessary'. John Barrow, Secretary to the Admiralty, replied that 'Telegraphs of any kind are now wholly unnecessary; and no other than the one now in use will be adopted.' (The one in use was a semaphore system.) Only a year after the end of the Napoleonic Wars, the Admiralty saw no need for improved communications, even though the semaphore was usable only in daylight and good weather. Section E After this disappointment, Ronalds set off for the continent. He travelled throughout Europe and the Eastern Mediterranean, taking notes, sketching and collecting scientific books between 1816 and 1823. He had begun collecting his large library of works on electricity and kindred subjects. The last activity formed the beginnings of the Ronalds Library, left in trust to the IEE (now the IET) after his death. In a small pamphlet published in 1823, Ronalds described his invention and listed some of its possible uses, 'Why should not government govern at Portsmouth almost as promptly as in Downing Street? Why should our defaulters escape by default of our foggy climate? Let us have Electrical Conversazione offices communicating with each other all over the kingdom if we can.' In 1825 he invented and patented a perspective tracing instrument, intended to facilitate drawing from nature, which he improved about 1828, and described in a work called 'Mechanical Perspective'. These instruments seem to be the only ones for which he took out patents. Section F However, Ronalds never patented his invention in electric telegraph. Ronalds seems to have made few or no practical contributions to science. In the meanwhile, one person did benefit from this work—Charles Wheatstone who saw the telegraph as a boy. When Charles Wheatstone was quite a child, his father had seen the Ronalds telegraph at work. Later, the invention of an electric telegraph had been marvellously developed by Wheatstone, who had seen many of the Hammersmith experiments, in conjunction with Mr. William Fothergill Cooke, and these two men together devised and patented in 1837 the first electric telegraph used publicly and commercially in England. When, in 1855, a controversy arose between Wheatstone and Cooke, though less fully, acknowledged the priority of Ronalds's work; until 1855 Ronalds's share in the invention had been forgotten by the public. Section G Early in 1843 Ronalds was made honourary director and superintendent of the Meteorological Observatory, which was then established at Kew by the British Association for the Advancement of Science. He began work on a system for registering meteorological data using photography and this time was awarded a grant to continue his work. A similar system was developed independently by Charles Brooke, aided like Ronalds by grants from the Royal Society, had invented independently about this time. But the British Association confirmed Ronalds's priority. This was the beginning of automatic, accurate recording of meteorological data and remained in use for some years after Ronalds's death. Section H Ronalds lived long enough to see his prophecies come to fruition and to receive belated official recognition: in 1870, three years before he died, he was knighted by Queen Elizabeth I, for his 'early and remarkable labours in telegraphic investigations'. —Ronalds

填空题Questions 31-40 Complete the notes below. Write NO MORE THAN TWO WORDS AND/OR A NUMBER for each answer. Magic Meteor Astronomy Meteor are usually named (31) Meteoroids belong to inner (32) system. Meteor storms are more beautiful and amazing than (33) The biggest meteor storm happened in (34) Leonids are usually connected with (35) A (36) is more brighter than any of the starts and planets. Most meteors appear colour of (37) In the 17th Century, many people regarded meteorite as (38) The most magnificent meteorite event took place on (39) 1908. Dinosaurs became extinct about (40) years ago.

填空题The rate at which the price of oil has risen.

填空题Lack of preparation can lead to contamination, e.g. forgetting to remove 31 ______ or including the 32 ______ of material. The 33 ______ at the processing facility removes contaminants, but processors may refuse 34 ______ materials.

填空题In what place can the girl work as a receptionist?

填空题{{B}}Questions 17-20{{/B}}Answer the following questions using {{B}}NO MORE THAN THREE WORDS AND/OR NUMBERS{{/B}} for each answer.

填空题When electronic paper was first developed.

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填空题Choose TWO letters, A-E.Which TWO topics about chimpanzees will the students discuss next week?A They are slower than human in different ways.B They learn things by copying humans' behaviour.C They develop behaviours generation by generation.D They have very strong ability of logical thinking.E They could be modified to adapt to the environment.

填空题The “Sound of Music” will be held in the________.

填空题Questions 8-10 Choose THREE letters, A-G. Which THREE attractions can tourists visit at present in Edinburgh? A City Hall B Old Castles C Zoo D Art Studio E Royal Palace F Seabird Centre G Aquarium

填空题People who travel to the island should make sure that they have been injected vaccinations for __________ , hepatitis A and other routine vaccines.

填空题Drivers will be charged according to the roads they use.

填空题Questions 19 and 20 Choose TWO letters, A-E. Which TWO groups of patients get free medication from Health Centre?A. children under 10B. U.K. residentsC. overseas studentsD. pregnant or retired patientsE. people over 70 years old

填空题Bush flies are easier to control than buffalo flies.

填空题food chain