填空题 Choose TWO letters, A-E. Write the correct letters in boxes 21 and 22 on your answer sheet. Which TWO of the following benefits are said to arise from the use of environmental psychology when planning buildings? A. better relationships between staff B. improved educational performance C. reduction of environmental pollution D. fewer mistakes made by medical staff E. easier detection of crime

填空题Questions 28-30 Choose THREE letters from A-F. which THREE points helped Gloria to choose her course? A She spoke with her parents. B She talked with friends. C She looked at jobs that were available. D She researched typical working hours. E She liked mathematics. F She liked working with people.

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填空题Many Irish people thought a simple view of history was ______ in Northern Ireland.

填空题{{B}}Questions 5-7{{/B}}Answer the following questions using {{B}}NO MORE THAN THREE WORDS/NUMBERS{{/B}} for each answer.

填空题the fact that some companies have learnt from the mistakes of others

填空题Questions 14-17 Do the following statements agree with the information given in Reading Passage 2 ? In boxes 14-17 on your answer sheet, write TRUE if the statement agrees with the information FALSE if the statement contradicts the information NOT GIVEN if there is no information on this

填空题Toxic chemicals are abundant in new cars.

填空题Complete the summary below.Choose NO MORE THAN THREE WORDS from the passage for each answer.Write your answers in boxes 18-25 on your answer sheet.Exploring the ancient city of PteriaArchaeologists began working ten years ago. They started by taking photographs of the site from the ground and then from a distance in a【D1】______. They focused on what lay below the surface using a magnetometer, which identifies variations in the magnetic field. These variations occur when the【D2】______in buried structures have changed direction as a result of great heat. They line up with the surrounding magnetic field just as a【D3】______would do.The other remote-sensing technique employed was resistivity. This uses a【D4】______ to fire electrical pulses into the earth. The principle is that building materials like【D5】______and stone do not conduct electricity well, while【D6】______does this much more effectively. This technique is mainly employed during the【D7】______, when conditions are more favourable. Resistivity is mainly being used to【D8】______ some images generated by the magnetometer.

填空题TheBusinessofSharingWhatdoyoudowhenyouaregreen,brokeandconnected?YoushareAWHYbuywhenyoucanrent?Thissimplequestionisthefoundationstoneofagrowingnumberofbusinesses.Whybuyacar(andpayforparking)whenyoucanrentonewheneveryouneedtoloadupatIKEA?Whybuyabike(andriskhavingitstolen)whenyoucanpickoneupatabikeracknearyourhomeanddropitoffatanotherracknearyouroffice?WhybuyaDVDwhenyoucanwatchitandreturnitinaconvenientenvelope?BRentingisnotanewbusiness,ofcourse.Hotelchainsandcar-hirefirmshavebeenaroundforages,andtheworld'soldestprofession,onemightargue,involvesrenting.Butformostofthepast50yearsrentershavebeenconcedinggroundtoowners.Laundromatshavebeenclosingdownaspeoplebuytheirownwashingmachines.Homeownershipwas,untilthefinancialcrisis,risingnearlyeverywhere.Rentalmarketsgrewossified:hotelsandcar-hirefirmsbarelychangedtheirbusinessmodelsfordecades.Allthisisnowchangingdramatically,however,thankstotechnology,austerityandgreenery.CTheinternetmakesiteasytocompareprices,whichmakesrentalcarsandhotelroomscheaper.Italsoallowsnewwaysofrentingandsharingtothrive.Forexample,car-sharingisboomingevenascarsaleslanguish.Zipcar,anAmericanfirm,has400,000memberswhopayanannualfeeandcanthenrentcarsbythehour.TheylogontofindoutwherethenearestZipcarisparked,andreturnittooneofmanyscatteredparkingbaysratherthanacentrallocation.Netflix,afilm-rentalfirm,made$116mlastyearbymakingiteasytohiremoviesbymail.Governmentsarejoiningin:Londonisoneofseveralcitiesthatrentbikestocitizenswhotakethetroubletofilloutafewforms.DTrendyfolkareapplauding."Sharingisclean,crisp,urbane,postmodern,"saysMarkLevineoftheNewYorkTimes."Owningisdull,selfish,timid,backward."("Crisp"?Nevermind.)Thesharingcrazehasspawnedtwonewbooks:"What'sMineisYours:TheRiseofCollaborativeConsumption",byRachelBotsmanandRooRogers,and"TheMesh:WhytheFutureofBusinessisSharing",byLisaGansky.Thefirstbookismuchthebetterofthetwo.Butthesecond,writtenbyaninternetentrepreneur,containssomevaluablepracticaladvice.EPeoplearerentingthingstheyneverusedtorent,suchasclothesandtoys.BagBorroworSteal,forexample,appliestheNetflixprincipletoposhhandbags.Thefirmboaststhatitallowswomentoavoid"theemotionalandfinancialsacrifices"of"theendlesssearchforthe'right'accessory."Rent-That-Toydoesthesamefortrikesfortikes.TechShop,inMenloPark,California,rentstinkeringspaceandequipmenttoamateurinventors.FOtherpioneersof"collaborativeconsumption"havedispensedwithinventoriesandactpurelyasbrokers.Somehelppeopleselltheirsparecapacityineverythingfromparkingspacestoenergy.CouchSurfingconnectspeoplewhohaveasparesofawithtravelerswhowishtosleeponit,onthetacitunderstandingthatthetravelerswilldothesameforsomeoneelseinthenetworksomeday.Thereare2.3mregisteredcouchsurfersin79,000citiesworldwide.Othergroupshavecreatedbartereconomies,thredUPspecialisesinexchangingchildren'sclothes,butalsohasexchangesforeverythingfrommake-uptovideogames.Freecyclehelpspeoplegivethingsawaysothattheydonotendupinlandfills,itswebsitehas7.6mmembers.GThemogulswhorunZipcarmayhavedifferentmotivesfromthegreenswhorunFreecycle,buttheysharethesamefaith:thataccessoftenmattersmorethanownership,andthattechnologywillmakesharingmoreandmoreefficient.Theinternethasalwaysbeengoodatconnectingbuyersandsellers;GPSdevicesandsocialnetworksareenhancingitspower.GPSdevicescanconnectyoutopeoplearoundthecornerwhowanttosharerides.Socialnetworksarehelpingtoloweroneofthebiggestbarriersto"collaborativeconsumption"—trust.Couchsurfers,forexample,canseeatakeystrokewhatothersinthenetworkthinkofthestrangerwhowantstoborrowtheircouch.Ifheisdirtyorcreepy,theyneednotlethimin.HPeoplearegrowingimpatientwith"idlecapacity"(ie,waste).TheaverageAmericanspends18%ofhisincomeonrunningacarthatisusuallystationary.HalfofAmericanhomesownanelectricdrill,butmostpeopleuseitonceandthenforgetit.Ifyouaregreenorbroke,asmanypeoplearethesedays,thisseemswasteful.Besides,"consumerphilandering"soundsfun."Today'saBMWday,"purrsZipcar,"OrisitaVolvoday?"IAttitudestoconspicuousconsumptionarechanging.ThorsteinVeblen,whocoinedtheterm,arguedthatpeopleliketodisplaytheirstatusbyowninglotsofstuff.Butmanyoftoday'sconspicuousconsumers—particularlytheyoung—achievethesameeffectbyvirtualmeans.Theyboastaboutwhattheyaredoing(onTwitter),whattheyarereading(Shelfari),whattheyareinterestedin(Digg)andwhomtheyknow(Facebook).Collaborativeconsumptionisanidealsignalingdeviceforaneconomybasedonelectronicbrandsandever-changingfashions.JThereareobviouslimitationstothisnewmodel.Fewpeople,besidestrampsandjournalists,willwanttowearrecycledunderpants.ReturningZipcarsontimecanbeahassle.Butthesharingstampedeisneverthelessgatheringpace.Zipcarhasimitatorsinmorethanathousandcities.EveryweekseesthebirthofabusinessdescribingitselfastheNetflixofthisorthat.Collectiveconsumptionisalsodisruptingestablishedbusinessmodelsbasedonbuilt-inobsolescence.Theinternetmaybesynonymouswithnovelty,butbyencouragingpeopletoreusethesameobjectsratherthanbuynewones,itmayrevivetheoldvirtueofbuildingproductsthatlast.Questions22-27DothefollowingstatementsagreewiththeinformationgivenintheReadingPassage2?Inboxes22-27onyouranswersheet,writeTRUEifthestatementagreeswiththeinformationFALSEifthestatementcontradictstheinformationNOTGIVENifthereisnoinformationonthis

填空题green production

填空题Most young Indian women are aiming for perfection.

填空题logical analysis

填空题The Power of Nothing Want to devise a new form of alternative medicine? No problem. Here is the recipe. A Be warm, sympathetic, reassuring and enthusiastic. Your treatment should involve physical contact, and each session with your patients should last at least half an hour. Encourage your patients to take an active part in their treatment and understand how their disorders relate to the rest of their lives. Tell them that their own bodies possess the true power to heal. Make them pay you out of their own pockets. Describe your treatment in familiar words, but embroidered with a hint of mysticism: energy fields, energy flows, energy blocks, meridians, forces, auras, rhythms and the like. Refer to the knowledge of an earlier age: wisdom carelessly swept aside by the rise and rise of blind, mechanistic science. B Oh, come off it, you are saying. Something invented off the top of your head could not possibly work, could it? Well yes, it could—and often well enough to earn you a living. A good living if you are sufficiently convincing, or, better still, really believe in your therapy. Many illnesses get better on their own, so if you are lucky and administer your treatment at just the right time you will get the credit. But that's only part of it. Some of the improvement really would be down to you. Your healing power would be the outcome of a paradoxical force that conventional medicine recognises but remains oddly ambivalent about: the placebo effect. C Placebos are treatments that have no direct effect on the body, yet still work because the patient has faith in their power to heal. Most often the term refers to a dummy pill, but it applies just as much to any device or procedure, from a sticking plaster to a crystal to an operation. The existence of the placebo effect implies that even quackery may confer real benefits, which is why any mention of placebo is a touchy subject for many practitioners of complementary and alternative medicine (CAM), who are likely to regard it as tantamount to a charge of charlatanism. In fact, the placebo effect is a powerful part of all medical care, orthodox or otherwise, though its role is often neglected or misunderstood. D One of the great strengths of CAM may be its practitioners' skill in deploying the placebo effect to accomplish real healing. 'Complementary practitioners are miles better at producing non-specific effects and good therapeutic relationships,' says Edzard Ernst, professor of CAM at Exeter University. The question is whether CAM could be integrated into conventional medicine, as some would like, without losing much of this power. E At one level, it should come as no surprise that our state of mind can influence our physiology: anger opens the superficial blood vessels of the face; sadness pumps the tear glands. But exactly how placebos work their medical magic is still largely unknown. Most of the scant research done so far has focused on the control of pain, because it's one of the commonest complaints and lends itself to experimental study. Here, attention has turned to the endorphins, morphine-like neurochemicals known to help control pain. 'Any of the neurochemicals involved in transmitting pain impulses or modulating them might also be involved in generating the placebo response,' says Don Price, an oral surgeon at the University of Florida who studies the placebo effect in dental pain. F 'But endorphins are still out in front.' That case has been strengthened by the recent work of Fabroizio Benedettil of the University of Turin, who showed that the placebo effect can be abolished by a drug, naloxone, which blocks the effects of endorphins. Benedetti induced pain in human volunteers by inflating a blood-pressure cuff on the forearm. He did this several times a day for several days, without saying anything, he replaced the morphine with a saline solution. This still relieved the subjects' pain: a placebo effect. But when he added naloxone to the saline the pain relief disappeared. Here was direct proof that placebo analgesia is mediated, at least in part, by these natural opiates. Still, no one knows how belief triggers endorphin release, or why most people cannot achieve placebo pain relief simply by willing it. G Though scientists do not know how exactly how placebos work, they have accumulated a fair bit of knowledge about how to trigger the effect. A London rheumatologist found, for example, that red dummy capsules made more effective painkillers than blue, green or yellow ones. Research on American students revealed that blue pills make better sedatives than pink, a colour more suitable for stimulants. Even branding can make a difference: if Aspro or Tylenol are what you like to take for a headache, their chemically identical generic equivalents may be less effective. H It matters, too, how the treatment is delivered. 'Physicians who adopt a warm, friendly and reassuring bedside manner', reports Edzard Ernst, professor of Complementary and Alternative Medicine at Exeler University, 'are more effective than those whose consultations are formal and do not offer reassurance.' Warm, friendly and reassuring are also alternative medicine's strong suits, of course. Many of the ingredients of that opening recipe—the physical contact, the generous swathes of time, the strong hints of supernormal healing power are just the kind of thing likely to impress patients. It is hardly surprising, then, that aroma therapists, acupuncturists, herbalists, etc. seem to be good at mobilising the placebo effect. —New Scientist

填空题1421:TheYearChinaDiscoveredtheWorldItisonlynaturalthatasthenewallianceofcertainwesterncountriesseekstoassertitsauthorityabroad,itsownfoundationsincreasinglygetcalledintoquestion.GavinMenzies'2002publication1421:TheYearChinaDiscoveredtheWorlddoesthisinatimelyfashionandhasattractedmanyallies,butveryfewauthorities.Thiscontroversialbook,whichtoppedthebest-sellerchartsandhasbeentranslatedintomorethanadozenlanguages,revealsthediscoveriesofthe15thcenturyMingChineseadmirals,butinsodoingcastsdoubtsoversomeoftheachievementsofthegreatwesternseaexplorers.Menzies'claimsarenothingifnotaudacious.Inhisownwords,ifheiscorrect"thehistoryoftheworldasithasbeenknown...wouldhavetoberadicallyrevised."AccordingtoMenzies,betweentheyears1421and1423anenormousfleetofChineseships,sailingundertheordersofEmperorZhuDiandcaptainedbyhisloyaleunuchadmirals,foremostamongwhomwastheMuslimcommander-in-chiefZhengHe,circumnavigatedtheworld.Alongthewaythisfleetofhugejunks,someofwhichmeasurednearly500feetinlength,inseveralsimultaneousmissions,roundedtheCapeofGoodHope,chartedboththeeastandwestcoastlinesofAfricaandtheAmericas,passedthroughtheMagellanStrait,sailedtoAustralia,NewZealandandAntarctica,circledGreenland,andpassedacrossnormallyiced-overArcticwaterstoarrivebackinChina.However,theyreturnedtoadifferentChina;oneinwhichresentmenttowardsZhuDi'sexpansionismwasstrong.WithinayeartheEmperorhaddiedandhissonZhuGaochi,upontakingthethrone,immediatelyissuedcommandsthatwouldstarttocloseChinaofffromtherestoftheworld,usheringinadeepxenophobiathatlastedcenturies.Sodeepwasthisisolationistsentimentthatitsurvivedachangeofdynastyand,indeed,itwaseventuallyQingdynastyofficialswhodestroyedalltracesofthefleet'sgreatseavoyagesinthearchives,wipingthemfromhistory.Nevertheless,contendsMenzies,knowledgeofthefleet'sexploitsdidsurvive,becausetheSpanishandPortuguesehadmapstoguidethemwhentheymadetheirgreat"discoveries"-mapsthatcouldonlybecopiesofChinesemaps.Thoughithasgarneredalotofpopularacclaim,1421:TheYearChinaDiscoveredtheWorldhasreceivedshortshriftinmorecriticalcircles.Asmentionedabove,Europeanmapsandchartsthataccuratelyshowedtopographicalfeaturesoflandsthatthemapmakersthemselvescouldnothaveknown,becausetheseplaceswereasyetunvisitedbyEuropeans,formthecornerstoneofMenzies'evidence;butmanycriticsviewmedievalmapswithconsiderablescepticism."Greatcautionshouldbeexercisedwithsuchmaps",writesDrFelipeFernandez-Arnesto,areviewerforTheLondonReview,becausetheyareso"vulnerabletoemendationandforgery".Furthermore,"itwasnormalpracticeofcartographersofthedaytofilltheirmaps,beyondthelimitsoftheknown,withspeculativelandsandseas".Certainly,someofMenzies'readingsoflater,moreestablishedcharts,whichhepositsarebasedonearlier,nolongerextantmaps,aredubious.IthasbeenpointedoutbywriterGregoryMclntoshthatthePiriReismap,uponwhichMenziesreliesheavily,needstobedrasticallyalteredinorderforoneofitslandformationstobeidentifiablewithAntarctica,anidentificationthatMenziesmakes.Similarly,JohnNobleWilford,sciencewriterforTheTimes,questionsMenzies'assumptionthatthe"Dragon'sTaile"ofearliermapsreferstothecoastofSouthAmerica,notingthattheMalaysianPeninsulawasalsoknownbythisname.Thesecondarysourcesofevidenceproducedinthebookcomeunderevencloserscrutiny.MostwritersareparticularlyscathingofMenzies'looseuseofarchaeologicalevidenceandobjectsofmaterialculture.Theyaccusehimofneglectingtocheckhisfactsandofmakingclaimswithoutanyproof.Forexample,somecriticspointoutthatthefactthatTheNewportTowerwasnotbuiltbyChineseinthe15thCenturyisalreadywellestablished.In1951anarchaeologicalstudydonebyW.Godfreyonobjectsexcavatedfromunderthetowerfoundthatalltheobjectsdugupcouldbedatedsomewherebetweenthe17thand19thcenturiesandtracedbacktoEngland,ScotlandorAmerica.Moreover,thetowerwascarbon-dated(Hertz1997)to1665anditwaslaterfoundthatitwasawindmillcopiedfromaverysimilarbuildinginChesterton,England.Menzies'treatmentoflanguageinvitesoutrightridicule.BillPoserinLanguageLogdemonstratesthatthegenerallinguisticevidenceandthemorespecificattemptstoestablishlinguisticlinksbetweentheChineseandvariouspeoplesindigenoustoAmerica"areajoke".NotonlydoeshequestionMenzies'credibilityfornotinvestigatingfarenoughtofindoutthatMalayalam-thelanguageMenziesfindsonaninscriptionandattributestotheChinesefleet-isalanguagespokenbymillionsofpeopleinIndianow,butalsohisprofessionalismfornotreproducingthecontentsoftheinscription.Poseralsolabelsalotoftheexamplespresentedinthebookasplainwrong;asimpossibilitiesinthelanguagestheyaresupposedtobefrom.OftheonlythreeexamplesMenziesprovidestosupporthisclaimthattherearefortywordsincommonbetweenChineseandSquamishIndian,"notone...isidentifiableasChinese".But,notsurprisingly,whatseemstohaveriledtheacademicsmostaboutGavinMenzies'bookistheapproachtoresearchandscholarshipingeneral.Themostcommoncomplaintislackofacademicrigour.PeterGordonfromTheAsianReviewofBooksbrandsMenziesas"intellectuallysloppy...Menzies'standardofprooftypicallyrunsasfollows:identifysomeculturalfeatures(theevidenceforwhichisusuallyfarfromsolid),claimthatthe1421voyagesarethe'only'explanation,whileatthesametimeignoring(orbeingignorantof)othersimilarculturalfeaturesthatwouldtendtoprovidealternateexplanationsorcontradicthis."AccordingtoFelipeFernandez-Arnesto,mostofMenzies'"detusionsarisefromelementarymethodologicalerrors",whileintheopinionofProfessorT.H.BarrettofLondonUniversity"hehasignoredfivebasicprinciplesofresearch".NodoubttheseattitudesarenothelpedbysuchgrosserrorsasMenzies'assertionthatZhengHe'sfleetpickedupsomemylodons(giantgroundsloth)inPatagonia,whensolidevidenceshowsthesecreaturestohavebeenextinctlongbeforethattime.Allinall,itappearsthatmanyoftheexpertsarewillingtoadmitthattheChinesewereprobablythefirstseafaringnationtoreachtheNewWorldandAustralia,buttheyrejecttheideathatitwasZhengHe'sfleet,insteadpostulatingthatsmallgroupsofmerchantsailorsmighthavemadelandfallintheseplacesbyaccident.MostalsoacknowledgethattheviewofhistoryheldbymanypeopleisveryEurocentricandthatthegreatscientificandmaritimeachievementsoftheChineseneedtobemorewellknown,butnotattheexpenseofhistoricalaccuracy.Clearly,GavinMenzies,asubmarinecommanderhimself,wasimpressedbytheskillandexpertiseofthemedievalChineseadmiralsandhewantedtosharethatwithus.Thisisanobleendeavour,butsomewherealongthevoyagehedriftedwelloffcourseintowhimsyandwildspeculation.Hisobsessedamateurismcanbeforgivenbutthelackofprofessionalismonbehalfofhispublisherscannot.Itistheirdutytocheckthefactsoftheirnon-fictionbeforetheyprintanditistheirwiderresponsibilitynottogoinforcrasssensationalism.

填空题In 2001, people spent ______ 50 minutes on shopping on Sundays.

填空题Living DunesWhen you think of a sand dune, you probably picture a barren pile of lifeless sand. But sand dunes are actually dynamic natural structures. They grow, shift and travel. They crawl with living things. Some sand dunes even sing.A Although no more than a pile of wind-blown sand, dunes can roll over trees and buildings, march relentlessly across highways, devour vehicles on its path, and threaten crops and factories in Africa, the Middle East, and China. In some places, killer dunes even roll in and swallow up towns. Entire villages have disappeared under the sand. In a few instances the government built new villages for those displaced only to find that new villages themselves were buried several years later. Preventing sand dunes from overwhelming cities and agricultural areas has become a priority for the United Nations Environment Program.B Some of the most significant experimental measurements on sand movement were performed by Ralph Bagnold, a British engineer who worked in Egypt prior to World War II. Bagnold investigated the physics of particles moving through the atmosphere and deposited by wind. He recognised two basic dune types, the crescentic dune, which he called "barchan," and the linear dune, which he called longitudinal or "sief"(Arabic for "sword"). The crescentic barchan dune is the most common type of sand dune. As its name suggests, this dune is shaped like a crescent moon with points at each end, and it is usually wider than it is long. Some types of barchan dunes move faster over desert surfaces than any other type of dune. The linear dune is straighter than the crescentic dune with ridges as its prominent feature. Unlike crescentic dunes, linear dunes are longer than they are wide—in fact, some are more than 100 miles(about 160 kilometers)long. Dunes can also be comprised of smaller dunes of different types, called complex dunes.C Despite the complicated dynamics of dune formation, Bagnold noted that a sand dune generally needs the following three things to form: a large amount of loose sand in an area with little vegetation—usually on the coast or in a dried-up river, lake or sea bed; a wind or breeze to move the grains of sand; and an obstacle, which could be as small as a rock or as big as a tree, mat causes the sand to lose momentum and settle. Where these three variables merge, a sand dune forms.D As the wind picks up the sand, the sand travels, but generally only about an inch or two above the ground, until an obstacle causes it to stop. The heaviest grains settle against the obstacle, and a small ridge or bump forms. The lighter grains deposit themselves on the other side of the obstacle. Wind continues to move sand up to the top of the pile until the pile is so steep that it collapses tinder its own weight. The collapsing sand comes to rest when it reaches just the right steepness to keep the dune stable. The repeating cycle of sand inching up the windward side to the dune crest, then slipping down the dune's slip face allows the dune to inch forward, migrating in the direction the wind blows.E Depending on the speed and direction of the wind and the weight of the local sand, dunes will develop into different shapes and sizes. Stronger winds tend to make taller dunes; gentler winds tend to spread mem out. If the direction of the wind generally is the same over the years, dunes gradually shift in that direction. But a dune is "a curiously dynamic creature", wrote Farouk El-Baz in National Geographic. Once formed, a dune can grow, change shape, move with the wind and even breed new dunes. Some of these offspring may be carried on the back of the mother dune. Others are born and race downwind, outpacing their parents.F Sand dunes even can be heard 'singing' in more than 30 locations worldwide, and in each place the sounds have their own characteristic frequency, or note. When the thirteenth century explorer Marco Polo encountered the weird and wonderful noises made by desert sand dunes, he attributed them to evil spirits. The sound is unearthly. The volume is also unnerving. Adding to the tone's otherworldliness is the inability of the human ear to localise the source of the noise. Stephane Douady of the French national research agency CNRS and his colleagues have been delving deeper into dunes in Morocco, Chile, China and Oman, and believe they can now explain the exact mechanism behind this acoustic phenomenon.G The group hauled sand back to the laboratory and set it up in channels with automated pushing plates. The sands still sang, proving that the dune itself was not needed to act as a resonating body for the sound, as some researchers had theorised. To make the booming sound, the grains have to be of a small range of sizes, all alike in shape: well-rounded. Douady's key discovery was that mis synchronised frequency—which determines the tone of sound—is the result of the grain size. The larger the grain, the lower the key. He has successfully predicted the notes emitted by dunes in Morocco, Chile and the US simply by measuring the size of the grains they contain. Douady also discovered that the singing grains had some kind of varnish or a smooth coating of various minerals: silicon, iron and manganese, which probably formed on the sand when the dunes once lay beneath an ancient ocean. But in the muted grains this coat had been worn away, which explains why only some dunes can sing. He admits he is unsure exactly what role the coating plays in producing the noise. The mysterious dunes, it seems, aren't quite ready yet to give up all of their secrets.You should spend about 20 minutes on Questions 27-40, which are based on Reading Passage 3 on the following pages.Questions 27-33Reading passage 3 has seven paragraphs, A-G.Choose the correct heading for paragraphs A-G from the list of headings below.Write the correct number, i-x, in boxes 27-33 on your answer sheet.List of Headingsi Shaping and reformingii Causes of desertificationiii Need combination of specific conditionsiv Potential threat to industry and communicationv An old superstition demystifiedvi Differences and similaritiesvii A continuous cycling processviii Habitat for rare speciesix Replicating the process in laboratoryx Commonest type of dune

填空题How many schemes were shown at the "Sustainable London" event?

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填空题The writer cites the story of Martin Sheen to show that A he was the first in a creative line. B his parents did not have his creative flair. C he became an actor without proper training. D his sons were able to benefit from his talents.