单选题The Corsi research team hypothesised that A toxic chemicals can pass from air to water. B pollution is caused by dishwashers and baths. C city water contains insufficient chlorine. D household appliances are poorly designed

单选题You should spend about 20 minutes on Questions 27-40 which are based on Reading Passage 3 below.Sunset for the Oil Business?The world is about to run out of oil Or perhaps not. It depends whom you believe...Members of Oil Depletion Analysis Centre(ODAC)recently met in London and presented technical data that support their grim forecast that the world is perilously close to running out of oil. Leading lights of this movement, including Colin Campbell, rejected rival views presented by American Geological Survey and the International Energy Agency(IEA)that contradicted their views. Dr Campbell even decried the "amazing display of ignorance, deliberate ignorance, denial and obfuscation" by governments, industry and academics on this topic.So is the oil really running out? The answer is easy: Yes. Nobody seriously disputes the notion that oil is, for all practical purposes, a non-renewable resource that will run out some day, be that years or decades away. The harder question is determining when precisely oil will begin to get scarce. And answering that question involves scaling Hubbert's peak.M. King Hubbert, a Shell geologist of legendary status among depletion experts, forecast in 1956 that oil production in the United States would peak in the early 1970s and then slowly decline, in something resembling a bell-shaped curve. At the time, his forecast was controversial, and many rubbished it. After 1970, however, empirical evidence proved him correct: oil production in America did indeed peak and has been in decline ever since.Dr Hubbert's analysis drew on the observation that oil production in a new area typically rises quickly at first, as the easiest and cheapest reserves are tapped. Over time, reservoirs age and go into decline, and so lifting oil becomes more expensive. Oil from that area then becomes less competitive in relation to other sources of fuel. As a result, production slows down and usually tapers off and declines. That, he argued, made for a bell-shaped curve.His successful prediction has emboldened a new generation of geologists to apply his methodology on a global scale. Chief among them are the experts at ODAC, who worry that the global peak in production will come in the next decade. Dr Campbell used to argue that the peak should have come already; he now thinks it is just round the corner. A heavyweight has now joined this gloomy chorus. Kenneth Deffeyes of Princeton University argues in a lively new book that global oil production could peak within the next few years.That sharply contradicts mainstream thinking. America's Geological Survey prepared an exhaustive study of oil depletion last year that put the peak of production some decades off. The IEA has just weighed in with its new "World Energy Outlook", which foresees enough oil to comfortably meet demand to 2020 from remaining reserves. Rene Dahan, one of ExxonMobil's top managers, goes further: with an assurance characteristic of the world's largest energy company, he insists that the world will be awash in oil for another 70 years. Who is right? In making sense of these wildly opposing views, it is useful to look back at the pitiful history of oil forecasting. Doomsters have been predicting dry wells since the 1970s, but so far the oil is still gushing. Nearly all the predictions for 2000 made after the 1970s oil shocks were far too pessimistic.Michael Lynch of DRI-WEFA, an economic consultancy, is one of the few oil forecasters who has got things generally right. In a new paper, Dr Lynch analyses those historical forecasts. He finds evidence of both bias and recurring errors, which suggests that methodological mistakes(rather than just poor data)were the problem. In particular, he criticized forecasters who used Hubbert-style analysis for relying on fixed estimates of how much "ultimately recoverable" oil there really is below ground. That figure, he insists, is actually a dynamic one, as improvements in infrastructure, knowledge and technology raise the amount of oil which is recoverable.That points to what will probably determine whether the pessimists or the optimists are right: technological innovation. The first camp tends to be dismissive of claims of forthcoming technological revolutions in such areas as deep-water drilling and enhanced recovery. Dr Deffeyes captures this end-of-technology mindset well. He argues that because the industry has already spent billions on technology development, it makes it difficult to ask today for new technology, as most of the wheels have already been invented.Yet techno-optimists argue that the technological revolution in oil has only just begun. Average recovery rates(how much of the known oil in a reservoir can actually be brought to the surface)are still only around 30-35%. Industry optimists believe that new techniques on the drawing board today could lift that figure to 50-60% within a decade.Given the industry's astonishing track record of innovation, it may be foolish to bet against it. That is the result of adversity: the oil crisis of the 1970s forced Big Oil to develop reserves in expensive, inaccessible places such as the North Sea and Alaska, undermining Dr Hubbert's assumption that cheap reserves are developed first. The resulting upstream investments have driven down the cost of finding and developing wells over the last two decades from over $20 a barrel to around $6 a barrel. The cost of producing oil has fallen by half, to under $4 a barrel.Such miracles will not come cheap, however, since much of the world's oil is now produced in ageing fields that are rapidly declining. The IEA concludes that global oil production need not peak in the next two decades if the necessary investments are made. So how much is necessary? If oil companies are to replace the output lost at those ageing fields and meet the world's ever-rising demand for oil, the agency reckons they must invest $1 trillion in non-OPEC countries over the next decade alone. Ouch.Questions 27-31Do the following statements agree with the information given in Reading Passage 3? In boxes 27-31 on your answer sheet, writeYES if the statement agrees with the informationNO if the statement contradicts the informationNOT GIVEN if there is no information on this

单选题The man doesn't want to have a trip in the peak time because __________ .

单选题The accident happened on________.

单选题Trevor Beattie is least likely to A. think of a good way of advertising something. B. fly in a military plane. C. buy a nice, fast car.

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单选题Reading Passage 2 has six paragraphs, A-F.Which paragraph contains the following information?Write the correct letter, A-F, in boxes 22-26 on your answer sheet.

单选题What is the main aspect of the suffragette movement's work to which the exhibition at the Museum of London is devoted? A the role of the Pankhurst family in the suffrage movement B the violence of the movement's political campaign C the success of the movement's corporate image D the movement's co-operation with suffrage groups overseas

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单选题 Questions 14-20 Complete the table below. Use NO MORE THAN THREE WORDS OR A NUMBER for each answer Type of Activity Date Time Name of Event Venue Music 8 Sept. 8p.m. Israel Philharmonic Orchestra Performing Arts Centre Drama {{U}}{{U}} 4 {{/U}}{{/U}} 6:30p.m. Monkey Power House {{U}}{{U}} 5 {{/U}}{{/U}} 11 Sept. 8 p.m. Sumi Jo with Queensland Orchestra ～ Music Wed. - Sat. ～ {{U}}{{U}} 6 {{/U}}{{/U}} City Gardens Visual Arts From {{U}}{{U}} 7 {{/U}}{{/U}} ～ Asia-Pacific Triennial Art Gallery Drama 15 Sept. 6 p.m. Slava's Snowshow {{U}}{{U}} 8 {{/U}}{{/U}} Music From 20 Sept. 8 p.m. Barbara Fordham in concert {{U}}{{U}} 9 {{/U}}{{/U}} Poetry From 22 Sept. ～ Poetry Festival ～ Writing 4Oct.6Oct. ～ Writers Festival ～ Music 6 Oct. 6 p.m. {{U}}{{U}} 10 {{/U}}{{/U}}Opera City Gardens

单选题Questions 33-38 Complete the notes below. Write NO MORE THAN TWO WORDS AND/OR A NUMBER for each answer. The Lives of Sloth Sloth has a short snout, big round eyes, a (33) tail, and small ears. The favourite activity of sloth is to (34) on trees. Sloth is also classified as (35) just like horses and cattle. Average body temperature of sloth is (36) Fahrenheit. (37) will affect sloth's body temperature. Sloths get everything on tree, even (38) which comes from juicy leaves and mornincI dew.

单选题Which of the following whales is not included in the baleen whales?

单选题What's the tourist's postcode?

单选题The National Enquirer is

单选题In Esperence, wind energy accounts for _________ of the total energy consumption.

单选题You should spend about 20 minutes on Questions 14-26 which are based on Reading Passage 2 below.THE SEEDHUNTERSWith Quarter of the world's plants set to vanish within the next 50 years, Dough Alexander reports on the scientists working against the clock to preserve the Earth's botanical heritage.They travel the four corners of the globe, scouring jungles, forests and savannas. But they're not looking for ancient artefacts, lost treasure or undiscovered tombs. Just pods. It may lack the romantic allure of archaeology, or the whiff of danger that accompanies going after big game, but seed hunting is an increasingly serious business. Some seek seeds for profit — hunters in the employ of biotechnology firms, pharmaceutical companies and private corporations on the lookout for species that will yield the drugs or crops of the future. Others collect to conserve, working to halt the sad slide into extinction facing so many plant species.Among the pioneers of this botanical treasure hunt was John Tradescant, an English royal gardener who brought back plants and seeds from his journeys abroad in the early 1600s. Later, the English botanist Sir Joseph Banks — who was the first director of the Royal Botanic Gardens at Kew and travelled with Captain James Cook on his voyages near the end of the 18th century — was so driven to expand his collections that he sent botanists around the world at his own expense.Those heady days of exploration and discovery may be over, but they have been replaced by a pressing need to preserve our natural history for the future. This modern mission drives hunters such as Dr Michiel van Slageren, a good-natured Dutchman who often sports a wide-brimmed hat in the field — he could easily be mistaken for the cinematic hero Indiana Jones. He and three other seed hunters work at the Millennium Seed Bank, an ￡80million international conservation project that aims to protect the world's most endangered wild plant species.The group's headquarters are in a modern glass-and-concrete structure on a 200-hectare estate at Wakehurst Place in the West Sussex countryside. Within its underground vaults are 260 million dried seeds from 122 countries, all stored at -20 Celsius to survive for centuries. Among the 5,100 species represented are virtually all of Britain's 1,400 native seed-bearing plants, the most complete such collection of any country's flora.Overseen by the Royal Botanic Gardens, the Millennium Seed Bank is the world's largest wild-plant depository. It aims to collect 24,000 species by 2010. The reason is simple: thanks to humanity's efforts, an estimated 25 per cent of the world's plants are on the verge of extinction and may vanish within 50 years. We're currently responsible for habitat destruction on an unprecedented scale, and during the past 400 years, plant species extinction rates have been about 70 times greater than those indicated by the geological record as being 'normal'. Experts predict that during the next 50 years a further one billion hectares of wilderness will be converted to farmland in developing countries alone.The implications of this loss are enormous. Besides providing staple food crops, plants are a source of many medicines and the principal supply of fuel and building materials in many parts of the world. They also protect soil and help regulate the climate. Yet, across the globe, plant species are being driven to extinction before their potential benefits are discovered.The World Conservation Union has listed 5,714 threatened plant species worldwide, but it admits this is only scratching the surface. With only four per cent of the world's described plants having been evaluated, the true number of threatened species is sure to be much higher. In the UK alone, 300 wild plant species are classified as endangered. The Millennium Seed Bank aims to ensure that even if a plant becomes extinct in the wild, it won't be lost forever. Stored seeds can be used to help restore damaged or destroyed environments or in scientific research to find new benefits for society — in medicine, agriculture or local industry — that would otherwise be lost.Seed banks are an 'insurance policy' to protect the world's plant heritage for the future, explains Dr Paul Smith, another Kew seed hunter. "Seed conservation techniques were originally developed by farmers," he says. "Storage is the basis of what we do, conserving seeds until you can use them —just as in farming." Smith says there's no reason why any plant species should become extinct, given today's technology. But he admits that the biggest challenge is finding, naming and categorising all the wood's plants. And someone has to gather these seeds before it's too late. "There aren't a lot of people out there doing this," he says. "The key is to know the flora from a particular area, and that knowledge takes years to acquire."There are about 1,470 seed banks scattered around the globe, with a combined total of 5.4 million samples, of which perhaps two million are distinct non-duplicates. Most preserve genetic material for agricultural use in order to ensure crop diversity; others aim to conserve wild species, although only 15 per cent of all banked plants are wild.Many seed banks are themselves under threat due to a lack of funds. Last year, Imperial College, London, examined crop collections from 151 countries and found that while the number of plant samples had increased in two thirds of the countries, budgets had been cut in a quarter and remained static in another 35 per cent. The UN's Food and Agriculture Organisation and the Consultative Group on International Agricultural Research has since set up the Global Conservation Trust, which aims to raise US$260 million(￡156 million)to protect seed banks in perpetuity.Questions 14-18Complete the summary below using NO MORE THAN THREE WORDS from the passage.Write your answers in boxes 14-18 on your answer sheet.People collect seeds for different purposes: some collect to protect certain species from【R1】______; others collect seeds for their potential to produce【R2】______.They are called the seed hunters. The【R3】______of them included both gardeners and botanists, such as【R4】______, who sponsored collectors out of his own pocket.The seeds collected are often stored in seed banks. The most famous among them is known as the Millennium Seed Bank, where seeds are all stored in the【R5】______at low temperature.

单选题Before Venter's study, it was thought that A. nutrient levels depended on the number of organisms that eat carbon. B. certain viruses keep microbe levels under control. C. bacteria might be responsible for climate change.

单选题Which form of payment does the company accept?

单选题John Howard favours teaching history A. as it was taught in Australia before the 1980s. B. as it is taught in Australia now. C. as it is taught in most other countries.

单选题According to the diaries, in 1961 women rarely had free time on Sunday