单选题Completethediagrambelow.ChooseNOMORETHANTWOWORDSfromReadingPassage1foreachanswer.Writeyouranswersinboxes]-5onyouranswersheet.

单选题A a guide for new managers in a company. B a textbook analysis of behaviour in organisations. C a critical study of the importance of role signs in modern society. D a newspaper article about role changes.

单选题How long has the fridge been used approximately?

单选题Questions 21 and 22 Choose the correct letter, A, B or C.

单选题Cocoa prices are rising for several reasons, but not because of

单选题When the number of the sea urchins decreases, the kelp will _________ .

单选题Questions 21 and 22 Choose the correct letter, A, B or C.

单选题Why does the girl want to do online shopping with the boy?

单选题Physics teachers tend to go to schools where theyA. are paid more money.B. can teach physics rather than science.C. can work alone.

单选题The survey was done via the following ways except _________ .

单选题Economists tend to ignore children because A. economists cannot gather statistics about children. B. children contribute little to the economy. C. there are restrictions on the data that governments will let them collect.

单选题The professor points out that the university language centre

单选题Who will be the audience for the man’s preparation?

单选题According to information in the text, intake of carbon monoxide A inhibits the flow of oxygen to the heart. B increases absorption of other smoke particles. C inhibits red blood cell formation. D promotes nicotine absorption.

单选题 Vertical Farming A Since the advent of agriculture the human condition has been transformed from hunter gatherer to world citizen. At the same time agriculture has dramatically rearranged the landscape. B By the year 2006, approximately 800 million hectares of arable land were in global use, allowing for the harvesting of an ample food supply for the majority of a human population now in excess of 6.4 billion. These estimates include grazing lands for cattle, representing nearly 85% of all land that could support a minimum level of agriculture. Farming also produces a wide variety of grains that feed millions of head of cattle and other domesticated farm animals. In 2003, nearly 33 million head of cattle were produced in the United States alone. In order to support this large scale of agricultural activity, millions of hectares of hardwood and coniferous forest (temperate and tropical), grasslands, and wetlands were sacrificed, or at the very least severely reduced to fragmented remnants of their former ranges. Significant loss of biodiversity, and disruption of ecosystem functions on a global scale has been the result. C While no one questions the value of farming in getting us to this point in our evolutionary history, even our earliest efforts caused irreversible damage to the natural landscape, and farming is now so wide-spread that it threatens in various ways to alter the rest of the course of our life on this planet. For one thing, traditional farming practices (i.e., non-high tech) produce massive loss of topsoil, while excluding the possibility for long-term carbon sequestration in the form of trees and other permanent woody plants. On the other hand, in almost every commercial farming scheme fertilizers are used, due to the demand for cash crops that require more nutrients from the substrate than it can provide. But fertilizer use is expensive and encourages the growth of weeds, making herbicide use almost a requirement. In addition, commercial farming involves the production of single crop species, most of which are vulnerable to attack from a wide variety of organisms. D Over just a short period of time (50+yrs), the agrochemical industry has responded to these biological pressures by producing an astounding array of chemical deterrents. Although the regular application of pesticides and herbicides has facilitated an ever-increasing agricultural bounty, many arthropod and plant species have now developed at least some level of resistance to both classes of compounds. As a result, higher and higher doses of these products are needed to do the same job as the year before. This is why the single most damaging source of pollution is agricultural runoff. In the majority of intensive farming settings following even mild rain events, a toxic mix of agrochemicals leaves the fields and contaminates the surroundings with predictable regularity. The ecological consequences of runoff have been nothing short of devastating. Human health risks are also undoubtedly associated with high exposures to some agrochemicals, and some illnesses associated with them have been identified. However, many chemicals manifest their toxic effects in the human body in ways which are too subtle to implicate them conclusively in the disease process. E Finally, farming itself is an activity fraught with health risks. Firstly, the transmission of numerous diseases is linked to a wide variety of traditional agricultural practices. These diseases take a huge toll on human health, disabling large populations, and removing them from the flow of commerce. This is especially the case in the poorest countries. Secondly, trauma injuries are considered a normal consequence of farming by most who engage in this activity, and are particularly common among "slash and burn" subsistence farmers. It is reasonable to expect that as the human population continues to grow, these problems will worsen at ever increasing rates. F To address these problems, an alternative way of food production has been proposed: vertical farming, or the growing of large amounts of produce within the confines of high-rise buildings. Indoor farming itself has existed for some time; strawberries, tomatoes, peppers, cucumbers, herbs, and spices grown in this fashion have made their way to the world's markets in quantity over the last 5-10 years. However, what is proposed here differs radically from what currently exists; namely to scale up the scope of operations, in which a wide variety of produce is harvested in quantity enough to sustain even the largest of cities without significantly relying on resources beyond the urban footprint. Our group has determined that a single vertical farm with an architectural footprint of one square New York City block, and rising just 30 stories, could provide enough calories to comfortably accommodate the needs of 50,000 people, and mainly by employing technologies currently available. Constructing the ideal vertical farm with a far greater yield per square foot will require additional research in many areas: hydrobiology, material sciences, structural and mechanical engineering, industrial microbiology, plant and animal genetics, architecture and design, public health, waste management, physics, and urban planning, to name but a few. G Yet, despite my obvious enthusiasm for the idea, I offer this note of caution. High-rise food-producing buildings will only succeed if they function by mimicking natural ecological process; namely by safely and efficiently re-cycling everything organic, and re-cycling "used" water (e.g. human and animal waste), turning it back into drinking water. Most important, there must be strong, government-supported economic incentives to the private sector, as well as to universities and local government to fully develop the concept. Ideally, vertical farms must be cheap to construct, durable and safe to operate, and independent of economic subsidies and outside support (i.e., show a profit at the end of the day). If these conditions can be realized through an ongoing, comprehensive research program, urban agriculture could provide an abundant and varied food supply for the 60% of the people that will be living within cities by the year 2030. Questions 27-30 Write the correct letter, A-D, in boxes 27-30 on your answer sheet.

单选题Listen to the conversation and circle the appropriate letter.

单选题Making small talk well involves

单选题The woman made an appointment_______according to the reservation record.

单选题If you want to give a perfect party, firstly you should________.

单选题Listen to the conversation and match each country with the right rule.