Questions 23-30 Word Tips You will hear a recording about environmental issues. Mark one letter(A, B or C)for the correct answer. After you have listened once, replay the recording.

{{B}}TextA{{/B}}{{B}}BackgroundInformation{{/B}}Businessethicsareaformofappliedethicsthatexamineethicalprinciplesandmoralorethicalproblemsthatariseinabusinessenvironment.Appliedethicsareafieldof.ethicsthatdealwithethicalquestionsinmanyfieldssuchasmedical,technical,legalandbusinessethics.BusinessEthicsaretheapplicationofEthicalvaluestothebusinessworld.Theyapplytoanyandallaspectsofbusinessconduct.Businessethicsarerelevanttotheconductofindividualsandalsorelevanttotheconductofthebusinessorganizationsasawhole.Intheincreasinglyconscience-focusedmarketplacesofthe21stcentury,thedemandformoreethicalbusinessprocessesandactions(knownasethicism)isincreasing.Simultaneously,pressureisappliedonindustrytoimprovebusinessethicsthroughnewpublicinitiativesandlaws(e.g,higherUKroadtaxforhigher-emissionvehicles).Businessescanoftenattainshort-termgainsbyactinginanunethicalfashion;however,suchanticstendtounderminetheeconomyovertime.Businessethicscanbebothanormativeandadescriptivediscipline.Asacorporatepracticeandacareerspecialization,thefieldisprimarilynormative.Inacademiadescriptiveapproachesarealsotaken.Therangeandquantityofbusinessethicalissuesreflectthedegreetowhichbusinessisperceivedtobeatoddswithnon-economicsocialvalues.Historically,interestinbusinessethicsaccelerateddramaticallyduringthe1980sand1990s,bothwithinmajorcorporationsandwithinacademia.Forexample,todaymostmajorcorporatewebsiteslayemphasisoncommitmenttopromotingnon-economicsocialvaluesunderavarietyofheadings(e.g,ethicscodes,socialresponsibilitycharters).Insomecases,corporationshaveredefinedtheircorevaluesinthelightofbusinessethicalconsiderations(e.g.BP's"beyondpetroleum"environmentaltilt).{{B}}SentencedToDeathinChinaMilkScandal{{/B}}BEIJING,Jan.22—AcourtonThursdaysentencedtwomentodeathfortheirrolesinadeadlycontaminated-milkscandalthatembarrassedtheChinesegovernmentandpromptedhundredsoffamiliestosueforcompensation.Thewomaninchargeofthedairycompanyattheheartofthecrisiswassentencedtolifeinprison.Thepunishmentswerethefirstinthescandal,whichbrokeinSeptember.Atleastsixchildrendiedand300000weresickenedbyinfantformulataintedwiththechemicalmelamine,andmorethantwodozencountries,includingtheUnitedStates,recalledorbannedfoodcontainingChinesemilkproducts.TheIntermediatePeople'sCourtinShijiazhuang,wherethedairycompanyisbased,announcedtwootherlifetermsandasuspenddeathsentencethatisexpectedtobecommittedtolifeimprisonment.Sixdefendantsreceivedtermsrangingfromfiveto15years.Thecourtsessionwasclosedtothepublicandconductedunderheavysecurity.TianWenhua,66,thechairwomanofthenow-bankruptSanluGroup,wasthehighest-rankingexecutivechargedinthescandal.Shepleadedguiltytochargesofproducingandsellingfakegoodsandwasfined$3.6million.AthertrialinDecember,sheadmittedknowingaboutthecontaminationformonthsbeforealertingofficials.ThedeathsentencesweregiventoZhangYujun,40,forharmingpublicformulasecuritybyoperatinganundergroundmelamineworkshop,andGengJinping,whoranamilkcollectioncenterandwasconvictedofproducingandsellingpoisonedfood.Melamine,normallyusedtomakefertilizersandplastics,wasaddedtomilktoraiseitsproteinlevelintests.Althoughharmlesstoadults,melaminecancausekidneystonesinyoungchildrenandanimals.Investigationsfoundthatthetradeintheillegaltoxinwasanopensecret,withdairyfarmers,milkcollectioncentersanddairycompaniesofteninvolvedineffortstodisguisemilkofpoorqualityasprotein-rich.FamiliesofsomevictimssaidTianhadbeenmadeascapegoatandwasnotasculpableasthosewholacedmilkproductswithmelamine.Otherssaidsheshouldhavebeensentencedtodeathbutalsoaccusedthegovernmentofbeingmoreconcernedaboutprosecutionsthantheirstill-recoveringchildren."Thegovernmentgaveusonly$300,andmysonisstilllivingwithakidneystone,"saidHuShuixia,38,fromHenanprovince."SomepeoplesaythatthegovernmentwillnevermentiontheSanlucaseagainaftersentencingthesesuspectstodeath.Ratherthansentencingthecriminals,thegovernmentshouldtakecareofourchildren."XuZhiyong,alawyerhelping213familiestryingtosuethegovernment,saidthepenaltiesweretooharshforthosewhoproducedandsoldmelamine,arguingthattheyhadnoideaharmfulitwas."Mostparentsaren'tpayingattentiontothistrialbecausewhattheyneedmostisfaircompensation,whichhasnothingtodowiththesesentences,"hesaid.Sanluand21otherdairyfirmsaccusedofsellingcontaminatedmilkhaveproposeda$160millioncompensationplan,butthefamiliesaredemandingmore.Theparentsofthefirstchildwhodiedafterdrinkingtaintedformulawerepaid$29000,statemediareportssaid.Butpolicehavedetainedandpressuredotherparentsandlawyerstodiscouragethemfromcontactingthemediaandassemblingaclass-actionlawsuit.ComplaintsaboutSanlufirstsurfacedinlate2007,andreportersalertedgovernmentcensorsinMarch.DoctorsnotifiedChina'squalityinspectionofficialsinJuly.China’shealthministerlatersaidSanluwaiteduntilSept.8toalertofficialseventhoughthefirmhadfoundmelamineintestsinAugust.{{B}}Exercises{{/B}}

{{B}}TextA{{/B}}{{B}}BackgroundInformation{{/B}}BrandPowerisasingle-scoremeasureofthesizeandquality(familiarityandfavorability)ofacompany'sreputation.It'sameasureofbrandequitypresentedinbothhistoricalandcompetitivecontext.MoreandmoreChinesecompanies,havingwontheirspursintheirdomesticmarket,arestartingtoexplorenewhorizonsthroughglobalization.Intheprocess,theyfacestrategicandoperationalchallengescenteredaroundonecentralquestion:HowshouldtheymaketheleapfrombeingsuccessfulChineseenterprisestobecomingexcellentglobalones?{{B}}ChineseSportsBrands{{/B}}FromJelenaJankovictopolevaultqueenYelenaIsinbayevaandNBAcourtsacrossAmerica,Chinesesportsbrandsareshruggingtheirshouldersattheglobaleconomicdownturnandsigninghigh-profilepactswithelitestarsandfranchisestomaketheirpresencefeltintheworldmarket.LocalbrandAntawasthefirsttomakeamajormovethisyearbysigningformerworldNo1JankovicduringJanuary'sAustralianOpen.Althoughthecostoftheagreementwasnotdisclosed,AntaisbelievedtohaveluredtheSerbawayfromReebokwithamulti-milliondollarthree-yeardeal.Firstpicture:BeijingGameschampionYelenaIsinbayevaposesduringasigningceremonywithChinesesportswearcompanyLiNinglastweekinBeijing.Second:FormerworldNo.1JelenaJankovicofSerbia,wearinganAntatennisoutfit,competesduringtheWTA(TheWomen'sTennisAssociation)DubaiChampionshipsonFeb18.Thiswasaboldmovegiventheunforgivingeconomicclimatethathasseenbrandssevermassiveendorsementdealsinrecentmonths,Buick-TigerWoodsbeingacaseinpoint.Antaofficialssaidthecompanyhadmanagedtoavoidthefullbruntoftherecessionbyfocusingondomesticdemand."Uptonow,theeconomiccrisishashadlittleimpactonourcompany,"saidVice-PresidentMaoYuying."Wedon'texpecttogetthesamerateofreturncomparedtoourinvestmentin(Jankovic),butwehopetoliftourbrandtonewheightsbycapitalizingonherglobalfame."Apartfromonthetenniscourt,Anta,establishedin1994inJinjiang,Fujianprovince,hasalsosignedHoustonRockets'LuisScola.ScolaworeAntasneakersatthisyear'sall-starweekendinPhoenixaswellasattheBeijingOlympicsinAugustenroutetopickingupabronzemedalforArgentina.Antaspent13.6percentofitsturnoverlastyearoncommercialsandpublicity,whileitssalesvolumeleapt54.8percentto4.63billionyuan(USD670million).Itaddedcloseto1000newsalesoutletstotakeitstotalto5667andlaunched2200newshoedesigns.Butitisnottheonlylocalsportsweartitanenjoyingbriskbusiness.LiNingsnappedupRussia'sdoubleOlympicchampionIsinbayevalastweek,withtheir"Skynolimitforme"advertisingcampaignsubsequentlytakingthemainlandbystorm."Isinbayevarepresentsthepinnacleoftrackandfield,"saidchiefmarketingofficerFangShiwei."Ourrelationshipisaimedatacceleratingourbrand'sinternationalization."Buildingworkbeganearlier,however,withLiNingsigningacropofNBAstarsincludingShaquilleO'Neal,BaronDavis,DamonJonesandJoseCalderon.ThebrandhasalsocementedpartnershipswiththeAssociationofTennisProfessionals(ATP),theNBAandtheSpanishnationalbasketballteam,whichcreatedastormwiththeirpre-Olympicsadcampaignshowingplayersmaking"slit-eyed"poses.LiNing,foundedbytheOlympicchampiongymnastwhomChinaelectedtolighttheOlympicFlameonAug8,hasalsogotinvolvedintheworldoftennis.ItsignedCroatianstarIvanLjubicicandrecentlycontractedChina'sYanZi,atwo-timeGrandSlamdoubleswinner,andNo1-rankedjuniorYangTsung-huaofChineseTaiwan,aboutdeals.Suchdealsrepresentanewtrendofqualityoverquantity,saidWeiJizhong,directoroftheBeijingOlympicEconomyResearchAssociation."Companiesmayretreatfromsponsoringsmallsportseventsandfocusmoreonelitestars,"saidWei,whoalsoservesaspresidentoftheInternationalVolleyballFederation.ThiscertainlyringstrueforPeak,anotherChinesebrandthathasbeenre-brandingitselfforseveralyears.ItbegansponsoringNBAgamesin2005andlatercontractedHoustonRockets'ShaneBattierandcurrentDallasMavericks'starJasonKiddasspokespeople.RecentlyitreachedasponsorshipdealwithInternationalBasketballFederation(FIBA).Meanwhile,Hisense,aChineseconsumerelectronicsfirm,scoredacouplastyearbyclinchingasix-yeartitlesponsorshipdealwiththeAustralianOpenthatturnedtheVodafoneArenaintotheHisenseArena."You'regoingtoseemoreandmoreofthiscomingup,"GregPaull,whoworksatBeijing-basedR3marketingconsultancy,wasquotedassayingbyAFP."Theglobalmulti-nationalsarecuttingbackontheirglobalmarketingandChinesecompaniesarestillgettinggoodlocaldemandandgoodsalesreturnswithintheirhomemarket,"hesaid.Anta'stopbrasswerequicktoaddthattheirplansforglobalexpansionwouldbetemperedbythedomesticmarket."SigningJankovicisstillforthehomemarket,"saidMao."Wehavenoplantofurtherexploretheinternationalsportsmarket,sincethereisstillamassiveamountofroomfordevelopmentinChina."Exercises

{{B}}Background Information{{/B}} Public relations (PR)is the practice of managing the flow of information between an organization and its public. Public relations gain an organization or individual exposure to their audiences using topics of public interest and news items that do not require direct payment. Because public relations place exposure in credible third-party outlets, it offers a third-party legitimacy that advertising does not have. Common activities include speaking at conferences, working with the press, and employee communication. PR can be used to build rapport with employees, customers, investors, voters, or the general public. Almost any organization that has a stake in how it is portrayed in the public arena employs some level of public relations. A number of specialties exist within the field of public relations, such as Analyst Relations, Media Relations, Investor Relations or Labor Relations. {{B}}Public Relations{{/B}} A company does not function in a vacuum, but rather as part of a society. That society consists of the people who work for it, the people and companies that do business with it, the public at large, and the government that regulates and taxes it. These groups are known as a company's "publics." In order for a company to deal with these publics effectively, a relationship of trust must exist. Employees will not cooperate with or put forth their best efforts for a company that they do not trust or that they feel is taking advantage of them. The public will not buy products or services from a company that, in their view, is not responsible or trustworthy. And the government, as the protector of the society it governs, is especially vigilant in dealing with a company that it regards as not operating in the public interest. Given these circumstances, every business, whether it is a giant corporation or a small factory, a five-star hotel or a roadside tavern, needs to give some thought to the relationship it has with all the various publics it interacts with. The techniques that a company uses to improve these relationships are known as "public relations", also called PR. The goal of public relations is usually to improve the climate or atmosphere in which a company operates. Here are some results a company might expect from a successful public relations campaign: Its products and services are better known. Its relationship with employees has improved. Its public reputation has improved. A successful public relations campaign can get people to do something that will help a company, stop them from doing something that might hurt it, or at least allow the company to proceed with a course of action without criticism. "An organization with good public relations has a favorable image or reputation, perhaps as a result of public relations activities." Says Richard Weiner, a noted and award-winning public relations counselor. In developing and implementing public relations plans, companies often use a simple five-step process: research or fact-finding, planning, action, communication, and evaluation. A classic example of public relations at work is McDonald's. It has always been important to McDonald's to be known as a company that values cleanliness. Indeed, founder Ray Kroc emphasized cleanliness along with quality, service, and value as being the four most important things in any McDonald's operation. For that reason, Kroc instructed the first McDonald's franchisees to pick up all litter within a two block radius of their stores, whether it was McDonald's litter or not. The company also did many other things to help protect the environment. In 1990, it announced a program called McRecycle in which McDonald's committed itself to buy $100 million in recycled materials for use in building and remodeling its restaurants. It is important to understand the role public relations has played in all the company's decisions. McDonald's has always been socially responsible and extremely concerned about its image. These two facts are part and parcel of its public relationships. To McDonald's, public relationships activities go much deeper than simply sending out press releases and having corporate officers serve on various charitable boards. The company understands that real public relations means taking significant action first, then announcing them to the public. Without the first step, the second would be meaningless. Many companies do not understand this basic principle: If you want to make news, you must first do something newsworthy. {{B}}Exercises{{/B}}

Questions 23-30 You will hear a radio interview with Kate Orebi, a recruitment manager at Carters(a national chain of department stores ), and Chair of the Association of Graduate Recruiters(AGR). Choose the correct phrase to complete sentences 23--30. Mark one letter A, B or C for the phrase you choose. You will hear the interview twice.

{{B}}Background Information{{/B}} Corporate social responsibility includes everything from hiring minority workers to making safe products, minimizing pollution, using energy wisely, providing a safe work environment, and more. Whatever degree of social responsibility a business assumes, someone must manage it. Public affairs departments in large businesses handle public relations, lobbying and charitable contributions. Personal or human resources departments usually ensure compliance with equal employment opportunity regulations and employee safety requirements. Social auditing is another way to measure and evaluate an organization's progress toward implementing programs that are socially responsible and responsive. It's a question often debated, but seldom answered authoritatively: Do companies have a social responsibility to protect the environment beyond legal requirements? Specifically, may companies do so within the scope of their fiduciary responsibilities to their shareholders? Can they do so on a sustainable basis? Should firms sacrifice profits for positive environmental impacts? And do firms at least sometimes behave this way? Many governments and businesses are now realizing that environmental protection and economic growth are not always in conflict. The environmental aspect of CSR is defined as the duty to cover the environmental implications of the company's operations, products and facilities; eliminate waste and emissions; maximize the efficiency and productivity of its resources; and minimize practices that might adversely affect the enjoyment of the country's resources by future generations. {{B}}Responsibility to Natural Environment{{/B}} The difficulty of balancing profits and social responsibility is very apparent when you consider environmental issues. Consumers value the goods and services that business produces, but business cannot produce goods and services without polluting to some degree. Businesses strive to lower their costs in order to offer products to consumers more efficiently and to make profits for investors, but sometimes it is necessary for business to spend more in order to pollute less. When such situations arise, whose interests should be served first—those of society, the consumer, or the investor? Clearly, this question has no easy answer, but examining how businesses pollute may provide some perspectives. Economic progress threatens our air, water, and land because these elements can so easily be tainted by pollution(the contamination or destruction of the natural environment by humans). Moreover, the pollution in any one element can easily taint the others. This problem is pervasive in industrialized and developing nations alike. In fact, the emerging economies of Asia and Latin America have built much of their growth on very loose environmental standards. But Mexico, Malaysia, and other countries are realizing that their prosperity can be sustained only if their citizens can enjoy a quality of life that comes with a clean environment. At the same time, the countries of Eastern Europe are scrambling to reverse the decade of environmental neglect that occurred around the middle of the 20th century. As you can imagine, this is no easy task. The most noticeable form of air pollution, smog, is produced by the interaction of sunlight and hydrocarbons(gases released when fossil fuels are burned). Another damaging air pollutant is acid rain, created when emissions from coal-burning factories and electric utility plants react with air. Acid rain has been blamed for damaging lakes and forests in southeastern Canada and the northeastern United States. In addition, emissions from factories and cars pollute the air and contribute to global warming through the greenhouse effect, in which heated gases form a layer of unusually warm air around the earth, trapping the sun's heat and preventing the earth's surface from cooling. The United Nations' Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change(IPCC), which includes over 900 scientists worldwide, recently reported that global warming will cause worldwide temperatures to rise by 1 to 3.5 degrees centigrade in the next century. This is expected to lead to increases in both droughts and floods in some regions and cause the sea level to rise about 50 centimeters by 2100. The report concludes that "the balance of evidence suggests a discernible influence on global climate". However, some scientists refute the theory of global warming, claiming that no solid evidence yet exists to support a human influence on global climate change. The debate will continue. However, we need only look at the smog that hangs over many major cities of the world to know that air pollution is a problem that businesses, consumers, and governments must address together. Experts worry about airborne toxins that are emitted during some manufacturing processes. Large and small companies together release millions of pounds of chemical wastes into the air each year. Although the effects of many of these substances are unknown, some are known to be carcinogenic(cancer causing). Of special concern in recent years are microscopic particulates in the air that may be responsible for more than 150 000 deaths each year. Our air is not the only part of our environment to suffer. Water pollution has damaged many U.S. lakes, rivers, stream, harbors, and coastal waters. This pollution comes from a variety of sources: manufacturing facilities, mining and construction sites, farms, and city sewage systems. Although dramatic accidents like the Exon Valdes oil spill in Alaskan waters are widely publicized, the main threat is the careless day-to-day disposal of wastes from thousands of individual sources. Even if all wastewater were purified before being discharged, our groundwater would still be endangered by leakage from the million of tons of hazardous substances that have been buried underground or dumped in improper storage sites. Much of this pollution was created years ago by companies that carelessly—but legally—disposed of substances now known to be unhealthy. Cleaning up these wastes is extremely difficult and expensive. In addition, companies and individuals generate enormous amounts of solid waste—over 200 million tons in the United States each year. Much of this waste ends up in landfills. A large part of the problem is consumer demands for convenience and fashion. These demands lead to creating disposable items, manufacturing products with excess packaging, and discarding useful items that are no longer the hot style or color. Fortunately, recent efforts to conserve and recycle resources are helping to combat the land pollution problem.{{B}}Exercises{{/B}}

填空题 Questions 13-22 {{B}} Section One{{/B}}(Questions 13-17) You will hear five short recordings. For each recording, decide what the speaker is booking. Write one letter (A--H )next to the number of the recording. Do not use any letter more than once. After you have listened once, replay each recording.A. a seat for a concertB. a table in a restaurantC. a flightD. a holidayE. a rental carF. a meeting roomG. a tennis courtH. a parking space

填空题A. Setting up an Online Home Based Business—2 Mistakes to Avoid B. Tips to Buying Property Abroad C. How to Conduct an Interview? D. Management Communication Techniques E. Five Tips on Advertising Your Property F. Honesty Proves Best Policy for Job Hunter G. Land Investment—An Investors" Guideline H. Five Signs You"re in the Wrong Job

填空题 Questions 13-22 {{B}}Section One{{/B}}(Questions 13-17) You will hear another five recordings. For each recording, decide what the speaker's purpose is. Write one letter(A-H)next to the number of the recording. Do not use any letter more than once. After you have listened once, replay the recordings.A. on the planeB. at the bankC. at the airportD. at the officeE. at the theatreF. at the hotelG. at the customsH. on the bus

填空题 BSection Two/B(Questions 18-22)You will hear another five recordings.For each recording, decide what the speaker's purpose is.Write one letter ( A--H )next to the number of the recording.Do not use any letter more than once.After you have listened once, replay the recordings. tA. to make a complaintB. to deny somethingC. to offer assistanceD. to ask for adviceE. to express doubtF. to ask for permissionG. to explain an actionH. to recommend a new policy

填空题compatible A. The physicist argued that science and religion are fundamentally ______ because of their unequivocally opposed epistemologies—the assumptions they make concerning what we can know about the world. B. If older programs don't work correctly, try changing program ______ settings.

填空题Invoice number. 9. ______ Invoice date: 10. ______ February 2002 Photocopy paper: 11. ______ boxes@9.94 V.A.T. @ 12. ______% Total to pay: 13. ______ To reach us by: 17th March @2002 Contact name: Marjorie 14. ______ Telephone No.: 01023 15. ______

填空题 {{B}}Conversation Two{{/B}}(Questions 5-8) You will hear a woman calling about booking a tour. Message From: Lovell Travel Planner About: a package tour Time: next winter Place: an{{U}} (5) {{/U}}named Santa Monica Activities: {{U}}(6) {{/U}}and deep-sea fishing Duration: {{U}}(7) {{/U}}days Price: 1000 dollars including the flight, {{U}}(8) {{/U}}and accommodations

填空题Questions 13-22 BSection One/B(Questions 13-17)You will hear five short recordings.For each recording, decide what the speaker is selling.Write one letter( A--H)next to the number of the recording.Do not use any letter more than once.After you have listened once, replay each recording.A. medicineB. mobile phoneC. skin care productsD. bicycleE. carF. glovesG. baby cerealsH. camera

填空题{{B}}Part One{{/B}} {{B}}Conversation One{{/B}}(Questions 1--4)Look at the form below.You will hear a man inviting the guest to dinner.The guest lives in {{U}}(1) {{/U}}.Mr. Qian, {{U}}(2) {{/U}} of the corporation, invites Mr. Black to dinner.Dinner time: {{U}}(3) {{/U}}Dinner place: {{U}}(4) {{/U}}

填空题embezzle A. The ______ was severely punished and enjoined to kick back a portion of the stolen money each month. B. They are accused, along with six other government employees, of abusing power and intentional wrongdoing.

填空题 {{B}} Conversation Three{{/B}} (Questions 9-12) Look at the note below. You will hear a conversation about organizational structure. Word Tips To: Len Matheson From: Mary Caryle Miss Carlyle is giving her recommendations for new organizational structure. She advises: build separate Administrative, Clerical,{{U}} (9) {{/U}} and Support functions. need two new managers. also need an{{U}} (10) {{/U}} so as to deal with corporate affairs. set up a Regional Office as the business is not {{U}}(11) {{/U}} any more. need basic functionality on a {{U}}(12) {{/U}}

填空题reputation A. I'm looking into starting an apparel business but need to figure out where I can buy wholesale products from a ______ source. B. More than fifty thousand books have ______ been written about the American Civil War.