You have a part-time job in a bookshop. The manager wants to make the shop more popular among young people and asks you to write a report making some recommendations. Write your report in 100-120 words. Write your answer in an appropriate style.

Read the following passages, eight sentences have been removed from the article. For each gap(1-8)mark one letter(A~H)on the Answer Sheet. Do not mark any letter twice. There's a story in Texas about the rancher who complained when a well driller found oil instead of the water he had been sent to look for. "Cattle can't drink that stuff!" the rancher cried. That story is no longer funny. We are short of both oil and water, but the water shortage is worse.【R1】 1And we are using water a great deal faster than it is being replaced. The replacement rate is dependent on rainfall(sometimes in the form of snow)to resupply rivers, lakes, and ground water.【R2】 2Worse, droughts are occurring more frequently and are increasing in severity, not only in the United States but also abroad. Even without droughts, rainfall is insufficient to maintain a balance.【R3】 3So much water has been taken from the Colorado River by Arizona and California that Mexico has complained that those states have exceeded the U.S. share under a 1944 treaty on water-sharing. Southern Californians also have elaborated arrangements to transport water from the Pacific North west, which has it in abundance, to their area, which doesn't have nearly enough to support its population. 【R4】 4 Short of a fanciful solution, the U.S. has two broad options, neither pleasant. We can conserve or we can produce. The former is inconvenient or worse: less irrigation(and thus less food), fewer swimming pools golf courses, and green lawns.【R5】 5In the quantities necessary, this would probably require nuclear power. It is technically feasible, but expensive, and was considered 30 years ago as a joint U.S.-Mexican project in the Gulf of California to alleviate the Colorado river problem. As more of it is done, the cost could be expected to come down; and as we became more desperate for water, we would be more willing to pay the cost even if it didn't come down.【R6】 6This is an arrangement whereby large landowners would sell the groundwater under their land, for whatever the market would bear, to cities that might be hundreds of miles distant. This would involve the considerable cost of pipeline construction and would mean faster depletion of groundwater reserves. 【R7】 7 It's a good bet that during the 21st century some new arrangements are going to have to be made about the nation's — and the world's — water supplies. These are likely to be neither cheap nor easy. They are more likely to be cheaper and easier if we have thought about them in advance.【R8】 8We have been sued to choices of guns or butter. This one might be water or meat.A. A century ago, a drought affected only farmers and perhaps inland navigation; now it affects everybody.B. The Northwest is showing signs of getting tired of this drain.C. It is not too soon to begin.D. We cannot live without oil in the style to which we have become accustomed, but we cannot live at all without water.E. Rivers are running dry, especially in the West.F. It would also mean less food production.G. A solution currently being advanced in west Texas is a concept called "Water Ranching". H. The latter is expensive: desalinization of seawater. 【R1】

Read the following passage and answer questions 19-25. For questions 19~25, choose the correct answer A, B, C and D. Mark your answers on the Answer Sheet. While still in its early stages, welfare reform has already been judged a great success in many states, at least UN is getting people off welfare. It's estimated that more than two million have left the roles since 1994. In the past four years, welfare in rolls in Athens country has been cut in half. But 70 percent of the people who left in the past two years took jobs that paid less than $6 an hour. The result: The Athens country poverty rate still remains at more than 30 percent — twice the national average. For advocates for the poor, that's an indication that much more needs to be done. "More people are getting jobs, but it's not making their lives any better," says Kathy Lairn, a policy analyst at the center in budget and policy priorities in Washington. Canter analysis of US census data nationwide found that between 1995 and 1996, a great percentage of single, fame-headed household were earning money on their own, but that average income for these households actually went down. But for many, the fact that poor people are able to support themselves almost as well without government aid as they did with it is in itself a huge victory. "Welfare was a poison. It was a toxin that was poisoning the family," says Rector. A welfare reform is changing the moral climate in low-income communities. It's beginning to rebuild the work ethic, which is much more important. Mr. Rector and others argued that once "the habit of dependency is cracked," then the country can make other policy changes aimed at improving living standards.

Read the following article and choose the best word for each space. For questions 26-45, mark one letter A, B, C or D on your Answer Sheet. Long-Term Care Crisis The apparent demise of the Class Act leaves many middle-income Americans【C1】______to cope with rising expenses【C2】______long-term care for family members, The Times reported on Tuesday. Unlike the rich, who can afford to pay for services themselves, or the poor, who get help【C3】______Medicaid, the federal and state program for low-income people, many members of the middle class have to look【C4】______disabled relatives themselves, or pay someone to do it. Polls show that many people believe that Medicare, the federal health program for those 65【C5】______older, pays for such care.【C6】______, Medicare stops paying nursing【C7】______bills after 100 days. More than 10 million people in the United States already have long-term care【C8】______, and two-thirds of the costs are paid for by government programs,【C9】______Medicaid. Studies estimate that unpaid family members deliver an even【C10】______share of the care, and the cost of nursing home care averages $72,000,a year. The Class Act's ambitions were undercut by an impractical structure that doomed it from the【C11】______experts and government actuaries say. Its【C12】______harks back to an attempt by President Ronald Reagan and a Democratic Congress to protect the elderly from catastrophic medical expenses and provide a modest prescription drug benefit and somewhat【C13】______nursing home care. That law, the Medicare Catastrophic Coverage Act of 1988, was repealed within months of enactment after a furious response by elderly voters angry that they had to【C14】______for the benefits themselves through a tax mostly paid【C15】______the wealthy. In a famous【C16】______, Representative Dan Rostenkowski, an Illinois Democrat who was chairman of the powerful House Ways and Means Committee, was booed and chased【C17】______a Chicago street by a group of elderly people, one of【C18】______draped herself over the hood of his car. The repeal legislation created a commission to examine the issue of long-term care, but it【C19】______the appetite of many in Congress to resolve the issue. The Clinton health plan made another attempt at improving long-term care, but the bill failed. And now the demise of the Class Act is【C20】______history.

ANSWER PHONE MESSAGE(Questions 5-8) Leaving a MessageFrom: Roger【L5】 1with J.C. Henderson Ltd.To: Mr. Barry ChanMessage: I would like to【L6】 2you on the status of the project and believe that it is worth arranging a【L7】 3I will call you back tomorrow as I will be in meetings for the【L8】 4of the day. I will talk to you then. Thanks.ANSWER PHONE MESSAGE(Questions 5-8) Leaving a MessageFrom: Roger【L5】 5with J.C. Henderson Ltd.To: Mr. Barry ChanMessage: I would like to【L6】 6you on the status of the project and believe that it is worth arranging a【L7】 7I will call you back tomorrow as I will be in meetings for the【L8】 8of the day. I will talk to you then. Thanks. 【L5】

Read the article below and choose the best sentence from the list on the next page to fill each of the gaps. For each gap(1-8)mark one letter(A~H)on the Answer Sheet. Do not mark any letter twice. Smartphone Data to Give Early Warning of Earthquakes One day last August, in the early hours of the morning, a 6.0-magnitude earthquake rocked Napa Valley, waking people all around California's famed wine region.【R1】 1Once the quake was over, tracker company Jawbone gathered the data in a public graphic, using it to detail the differences in disturbance for life loggers in Berkeley, Oakland and San Jose. Now new research shows that sensors in smartphones can give early warning of an earthquake too. 【R2】 2Many of us walk around laden with devices that compile data on our movements and interests - data that seismologists now want to help spot the next major earthquake. At the US Geological Survey, Benjamin Brooks is looking to smartphones rather than finely tuned scientific instruments to predict big quakes. Smartphones come equipped with GPS sensors that can tell where you're standing, give or take a few metres.【R3】 3They can also sense a sudden lurch in one direction — the kind of movement that, when logged by many people at once, might be a sign of a seismic shift. "Imagine all of Portland was out at a cafe on a sunny day, and everyone's smartphones were sitting on the table when one of these great earthquakes happened," says Brooks. "The whole city would appear to move." 【R4】 4One simulation explored a model magnitude 7.0 earthquake along the Hayward fault, and another used actual location data recorded at scientific stations during Japan's devastating 2011 megaquake. Both scenarios suggested that data from around 5,000 people would be enough to spot the beginnings of a major earthquake, leaving about 5 seconds to warn major population centres that hadn't yet felt its effects. When an earthquake is coming, a few seconds of warning can be crucial.【R5】 5"You get out in front of the situation and inform people before any ill effects," says Brooks. Smart sensing This isn't seismologists' first foray into smart phones. Two years ago, researchers at the California Institute of Technology in Pasadena came out with an app, Crowdshake, which monitors a phone's accelerometer.【R6】 6Until then, Brooks and his colleagues plan to keep putting smartphones to the test. In an upcoming pilot in Chile, about 250 phones will be stripped of their standard GPS cards and placed in boxes around the country, where they'll lie in wait to record the next big earthquake. Others have found ingenious ways to tap into human activity to locate quakes. 【R7】 7 Whenever there's a sudden surge of traffic to their website, they look at where visitors are accessing it from to get a sense of where the earthquake is and how strong it might be.【R8】 8Within a couple of minutes, they have enough information to publish their first unconfirmed reports of the quake. "The internet is the nervous system of the planet," says Remy Bossu, secretary general at the centre. "If we want to make rapid earthquake information available to the public and authorities, we have to focus on the earthquakes that matter for them."A. At the European-Mediterranean Seismological Center, seismologists rely on the internet to pinpoint where earthquakes are happening around the globe.B. Many were wearing fitness trackers.C. Unfortunately, with GPS data it isn't as simple as building an app: Smartphone manufacturers don't currently provide access to the raw data required.D. While Jawbone's post didn't inspire confidence in the privacy of users' data, it did make a point: Humans can be useful sensors.E. On an ordinary day, these are what allow us to map our way to a store or geolocate our tweets.F. Fire-station doors could start to raise, gas pipelines could automatically shut off, and city residents could jump to safety under a nearby desk.G. They also monitor Twitter for relevant keywords.H. Brooks and his colleagues have now tested what crowd sourced GPS data might look like in a real earthquake. 【R1】

Interlocutor Here is a list of topics. Now, both of you have a look at these topics and choose one to discuss together.The interlocutor gives the Candidates a list of topics for them to choose one and ask them to discuss togetherThe interlocutor may join in the conversation and ask the Candidates questions, but the Candidates are expected to develop the conversation.- What is the effect of movies on youth?- How have science and technology changed our life and work?- What do you think of the saying "Praising is a subtle art in bringing out the best in everyone"?- Discuss the changes in people's diet nowadays.- What can we do to protect the environment?

CONVERSATION 2(Questions 5-8)The patient's name:【L5】 1JohnsonThe doctor's name: 【L6】 2Appointment time: at【L7】 3a.m. on the【L8】 4.CONVERSATION 2(Questions 5-8)The patient's name:【L5】 5JohnsonThe doctor's name: 【L6】 6Appointment time: at【L7】 7a.m. on the【L8】 8. 【L5】

Read the following passage and choose the correct answer from A, B, C and D. At the time Jane Austin's novels were published — between 1811 and 1818 — English literature was not part of any academic curriculum. In addition, fiction was under strenuous attack. Certain religious and political groups felt novels had the power to make so-called immoral characters so interesting that young readers would identify with them; these groups also considered novels to be of little practical use. Even Coleridge, certainly no literary reactionary, spoke for many when he asserted that "novel-reading occasions the destruction of the mind's powers." These attitudes toward novels help explain why Austin received little attention from early nineteenth-century literary critics.(In any case, a novelist published anonymously, as Austin was, would not be likely to receive much critical attention.)The literary response that was accorded her, however, was often as incisive as twentieth-century criticism. In his attack in 1816 on novelistic portrayals "outside of ordinary experience", for example, Scott made an insightful remark about the merits of Austin's fiction. "Her novels", wrote Scott, "present to the reader an accurate and exact picture of ordinary everyday people and places, reminiscent of seventeenth-century Flemish Painting." Scott did not use the word "realism", but he undoubtedly used a standard of realistic probability in judging novels, the critic Whately didn't use the word realism either, but he expressed agreement with Scott's evaluation, and went on to suggest the possibilities for moral instruction in what we have called Austin's realistic method. "Her characters", wrote Whately, "are persuasive agents for moral truth since they are ordinary persons so clearly evoked that we feel an interest in their fate as if it were our own." "Moral instruction", explained Whately, "is more likely to be effective when conveyed through recognizably human and interesting characters than when imparted by a sermonizing narrator". Whitely especially praised Austin's ability to create characters who "mingle goodness and villainy, weakness and virtue, as in life they are always mingled." Whitely concluded his remarks by comparing Austin's art of characterization to Dickens', stating his preference to Austin's. Yet the response of nineteenth-century literary critics to Austin was not always so laudatory, and often anticipated the reservations of twentieth century critics. An example of such a response was Lewes' complaint in 1859 that Austin's range of subjects and characters was too narrow. Praising her verisimilitude, Lewes added that nonetheless her focus was too often upon only the unlofty and the commonplace.(Twentieth-century, Marxists, on the other hand, were to complain about what they saw as her exclusive emphasis on a lofty upper-middle class.)In any case, having been rescued by some literary critics from neglect and indeed gradually lionized by them, Austin steadily reached, by the mid-nineteenth century, the enviable pinnacle of being considered controversial.

Read the article below and choose the best sentence from the list on the next page to fill each of the gaps. For each gap(1-8)mark one letter(A-H)on your Answer Sheet. Do not mark any letter twice. Have life insurance? Is it enough or maybe too much? Most parents know that they need life insurance. But many would rather have a root canal than shop for the best life insurance policy. "People don't think about, 'What will my family do if I am gone and not earning a living? '" says Peter Katt, a fee-only life insurance adviser. "The whole point of this kind of planning is to provide the family with maximum flexibility so they're not stuck." 【R1】 1Too often, parents make a quick decision, ignoring important considerations. Among their mistakes, one is that they do not buy enough life insurance.【R2】 2"They don't think that the person who is not bringing in an income needs life insurance," says Greg Daugherty, executive editor of Consumers Union. But if that person dies, the other parent can't stop working and usually has to pay someone to help care for the family. 【R3】 3Katt recommended that one young couple should buy $3 million for the husband who earns $100,000 a year and $1 million for the stay-at-home wife. At the same time, many families rely on employer-provided life insurance, but employer-provided coverage is rarely sufficient to support your family.【R4】 4Some employers provide a year's salary, but that may also fall well short of the amount your family would need to maintain its standard of living. Some employers let workers buy group life insurance through payroll deductions. That may be a good deal for workers who have health problems that would disqualify them for an individual policy. 【R5】 5 Another drawback is that if you leave your job, you may not be able to take your insurance. "Given the job market, most of us are not absolutely certain that our jobs are secure," Daugherty says. 【R6】 6 On the other hand, some families buy too much insurance. Not everyone needs life insurance. Some people buy life insurance for babies, which is unnecessary, unless the baby is a child model who is supporting the family, Daugherty says:【R7】 7Single people and those who have no children to care for usually don't need life insurance. Katt says a man with substantial savings in stocks and bonds and other sources of income recently asked him how much life insurance he needs. "I said none," Katt says. 【R8】 8A. Many employer-provided policies provide a death benefit of $10,000 to $25,000 — barely enough to cover your funeral expenses.B. Families don't always insure a parent who is staying home to care for the children.C. "There are people who don't need life insurance but have it and many more people who need it but are woefully uninsured."D. The purpose of insurance is to replace the income that a family has been relying on.E. "Even if you have a lot of insurance at work, it makes sense to have some more insurance on your own."F. To make insurance more affordable, you may not need to buy the same amount of insurance for both parents.G. Planning for your death is not a cheerful topic.H. But if you're young and healthy, you may be able to get a better rate on your own. 【R1】

Read the following passage and answer questions 19~25. For questions 19-25, choose the correct answer A, B, C and D. Mark your answers on the Answer Sheet. Training must have purpose, which is defined a firm analyses of it's training needs. A review of manpower planning should include a training analysis, which looks carefully at the training at the point of view of the company, its various department and personnel. This may show the weaknesses existing in some departments and that, as a result, training is needed for their staff. Training needs are based on an analysis of the job description and job specification. A job description should give details of the performance that is required for a specific job, and job specifications should give information about the behavior, knowledge and skills that are expected by an employee who works in it. When all of these have been collected, it is possible to begin the training. This specifies what the training department must teach for the successful performance of the job, and also the best methods to use in the training period. There are many different training methods, and there are advantages and disadvantages to all of them. Successful training programs depend on an understanding of the difference between learning about skills and training in using them. It is frequently said that learning about skills take place "off the job" in the classroom; but in training in using these skills take place "on the job" by means of such activities as job rotation and planned experience. It is always difficult to evaluate the cost and savings of a training program. The success of such program depends not only on the methods but also on the quality of the staff that do the training. A company can often check on saving in time and cost by examine the manual work performed by operators and technicians who have completed a training program. The evaluation of management and a supervisory training is much more complex than that. In order to test the result of management and supervisory training, many companies have looked at such things as the number of management and supervisory staff who leave their employment and the number who stay away from the work for the reason of health.

You will hear two telephone conversations. Write down one word or number in each of the numbered spaces on the forms below.CONVERSATION 1(Questions 1-4) Improving Brand's ImageSusan is discussing new marketing strategy with George who is working with【L1】 1; suggesting expanding market share in the【L2】 2adult market, improving brand image and keeping competitive edge in【L3】 3; proposing a meeting earlier than【L4】 4p.m. You will hear two telephone conversations. Write down one word or number in each of the numbered spaces on the forms below.CONVERSATION 1(Questions 1-4) Improving Brand's ImageSusan is discussing new marketing strategy with George who is working with【L1】 5; suggesting expanding market share in the【L2】 6adult market, improving brand image and keeping competitive edge in【L3】 7; proposing a meeting earlier than【L4】 8p.m. 【L1】

You will hear Desmond Butler, owner of Klikset, talking about how he created a successful toy company. For each question(23-30), mark one letter(A, B or C)for the correct answer. After you have listened once, replay the recording. You will hear Desmond Butler, owner of Klikset, talking about how he created a successful toy company. For each question(23-30), mark one letter(A, B or C)for the correct answer. After you have listened once, replay the recording.

Your are the sales manager of ACL Company. Your customer, Jackson Bryer, invites you to have dinner with him on Tuesday the Twelfth at seven o 'clock. Write a letter to Mr. Bryer: Telling him that you cannot have dinner with him. Saying that you have another engagement that day. Suggesting two different times when you are free. Write 30-40 words.

Ordering Room ServiceRoom No.: 【L5】 1What for dinner: two fresh Juices, one orange and one【L6】 2, two roast beef sandwiches, one 【L7】 3salad Laundry service: someone to pick up some laundry Payment: together with the【L8】 4bill Time for dinner: in about 10 minutes Ordering Room ServiceRoom No.: 【L5】 5What for dinner: two fresh Juices, one orange and one【L6】 6, two roast beef sandwiches, one 【L7】 7salad Laundry service: someone to pick up some laundry Payment: together with the【L8】 8bill Time for dinner: in about 10 minutes 【L5】

You will hear five people talking about "How to Slow Down the Pace of Life ". For questions 9-13, choose from the list A~F what each speaker says. Use the letters only once. There is one extra letter which you do not need to use.A Try to avoid rushing all the time in life.B Go watchless and join in clock-free activities.C Plan your life and do what's necessary.D Check and reflect your time management constantly. E Schedule in accordance with your own bio-clock. F Get more out of life by doing or expecting less. You will hear five people talking about "How to Slow Down the Pace of Life ". For questions 9-13, choose from the list A~F what each speaker says. Use the letters only once. There is one extra letter which you do not need to use.A Try to avoid rushing all the time in life.B Go watchless and join in clock-free activities.C Plan your life and do what's necessary.D Check and reflect your time management constantly. E Schedule in accordance with your own bio-clock. F Get more out of life by doing or expecting less.

CONVERSATION 2(Questions 5-8) Discounts for Gym Courses We have discounts for【L5】 1students. For those who have a long-term exercise plan, they are【L6】 2to apply for our VIP【L7】 3. For VIPs, the discount for yoga courses is doubled, while the discount for dancing courses is【L8】 4.CONVERSATION 2(Questions 5-8) Discounts for Gym Courses We have discounts for【L5】 5students. For those who have a long-term exercise plan, they are【L6】 6to apply for our VIP【L7】 7. For VIPs, the discount for yoga courses is doubled, while the discount for dancing courses is【L8】 8. 【L5】

Read the following passage, eight sentences have been removed from the article. Choose from the sentences A-H the one which fits each gap. For each gap(1-8)mark one letter(A-H)on the Answer Sheet. Do not mark any letter twice. The single, decisive factor that made it possible for mankind to settle in permanent communities was agriculture.【R1】 1Once people could control the production of food and be assured of a reliable annual supple of it, their lives changed completely. Farming was a revolutionary discovery.【R2】 2With more food available, more people could be fed. Populations therefore increased. The growing number of people available for more kinds of work led to the development of more complex social structures. 【R3】 3 Farming the world over has always relied upon a dependable water supply. For the earliest societies this meant rivers and streams or regular rainfall.【R4】 4Later communities were able to develop by taking advantage of the rainy seasons. All of the ancient civilizations probably developed in much the same way, in spite of regional and climatic differences.【R5】 5Heavier pottery replaced animal-skin gourds as containers for food and liquids. Cloth could be woven from wool and flax. Permanent structures made of wood, brick, and stone could be erected. The science of mathematics was an early outgrowth of agriculture. People studied the movements of the moon, the sun, and planets to calculate seasons.【R6】 6With a calendar it was possible to calculate the arrival of each growing season. Measurement of land areas was necessary if property was to be a factor in farming and housekeeping.【R7】 7All of the major ancient civilizations in Mesopotamia, Egypt, the Indus Valley, and China emerged in the 4th millennium BC. Historians still debate over which one emerged first. It may well have been the Middle East, in an area called the Fertile Crescent. This region stretches from the Nile River in Egypt northward along the coast of former Palestine, then eastward into Asia to include Mesopotamia.【R8】 8This kind of farming depended on the reproduction of seed, normally from grain crops.A. It not only made settlements possible and ultimately the building of cities but it also made available a reliable food supply.B. Later came measures of value as commodity and money exchange became common.C. In this area people settled along the riverbanks and practiced field agriculture.D. After farming was developed in the Middle East in about 6500 BC, people living in tribes or family units did not have to be on the move continually searching for food or herding their animals.E. As villages grew, the accumulation of more numerous and substantial goods became possible.F. With a food surplus, a community could support a variety of workers who were not farmers.G. The first great civilizations grow up along rivers. H. In doing so they created the first calendars. 【R1】

You are Account Manager of ABC Company. Your company ordered a certain value of woolen sweater from New Style Fabric Company but there was a delay of delivery. Now you write a complain letter to: state when the order was placed; what inconvenience the delay has caused; what you expect to be done about the delay. Write about 120 words.

You are to work with a U.S. company for a year. You have finally obtained your visa from the US Embassy in Beijing, and are ready to leave for Minneapolis, USA, where the company is headquartered. Read the following memo with information jotted down from your air-ticket: From Beijing to Minneapolis. The American Northwest Airline. NW745, Monday, November 27,2002, Beijing time. Arrive at 1:30 p.m. Nov. 28, American time. Write a letter(50-60 words)to Mr. Michael Jackson, Corporate Secretary of the company, asking for your pickup at the airport.