单选题Common Stock and Preferred StockA public corporation issues certificates of ownership, called common stock, which may be traded on stock ex changes. Anyone can buy and sell shares of common stock. Owners of stock are referred to as shareholders and stockholders. Common stockholders are accorded certain rights by the corporate charter. In the United States, these rights vary from state to state, but in general the articles of incorporation spell out voting rights and rights to receive profits.Common stockholders are the voting owners of a Corporation. They are usually entitled to one vote per share. They may vote on numerous affecting the corporation (including a decision to sell or merge with anther corporation) and elect a board of directors, who, in turn, hire managers to run the business. A majority shareholder is one who owns over 50 percent of the outstanding shares in a corporation and, thus, can call the shots. All other shareholders are minority shareholders. In large corporations no single person or organization owns anywhere near a majority interest. In large, publicly owned corporations a shareholder with as little as 10 percent of the shares may control the corporation effectively. If things go badly, a coalition of so called dissident shareholders may gather enough votes to replace the existing board of directors; the new board may fire the existing management and bring in their own management team.Although common stock represents ownership in a company, it does not guarantee the owners a specified rate of return. As owners, the stockholders receive profits after all expenses, including debts and taxes, have been paid. They receive profits from the business in the form of dividend payments, which represent a percentage of profits. Not all after-tax profits are paid to the stockholders in dividends. Directors usually decide quarterly how much, if any, if the profits they wish to distributed to the owners. The profits are either distributed to the owners in dividends or they are reinvested bank into the company in the form of retained earnings. If the company decides to keep the profits, the company may become more valuable and the price of the stock usually goes up. Some investors prefer profits in the way of dividends while others speculate for an increase in the price of stock. If a company goes broke, common stockholders get last claim on whatever is left over.Corporations may also issue preferred stock to investors. Preferred stock usually has no vote in the election of the board of directors, but does get preference in the distribution of the company's earnings. It offers investors a different type of security and may be issued only after common stock had been issued. The term "preferred" applies to two conditions. First, preferred stockholders gain preferential treatment in the matter of dividends) That is, they receive a fixed fete of dividends prior to the payment of dividends on common shares. Second, if the company goes out of business or liquidates, preferred stockholders are closer to the front of the line than common stockholders when distributing the company's assets.Dividends to preferred stock may be cumulative or noncumulative. Cumulative preferred stock maintained its claim to dividends even if the company had a bad year in 1994, they might decide not to pay dividends. But if they had a good year in 1995, and declared stock dividends do not accumulate, If dividends are not declared, noncumulative owners lose their claim to the profit of that period.All in all, common stock usually has more control through voting privileges, greater chance for high returns, and more risk, while preferred stock usually has less control, fixed returns, less risks, and less chance for big gains.

单选题BrokersBrokers neither physically handle products being distributed nor work on a continuing (19) with their principals (20) , a broker is an independent wholesaling middleman that brings buyers and sellers together and provides market information to either party. M0st brokers work for sellers, (21) a small percentage represent buyers.Brokers have no authority to set prices. They simply negotiate a sale and leave it up to the seller to accept or (22) the buyer's offer. They also furnish considerable market information (23) prices, products, and general market conditions.Because of the limited services provided, brokers receive relatively small commissions—5 percent or less. (24) , brokers need to operate on a low-cost basis.Food brokers (25) buyers and sellers of food and (26) general-merchandise items to one another and bring them together to complete a sale. They are well (27) about market conditions, terms of sale, sources of credit, price setting, potential (28) , and the art of negotiating. They do not actually provide credit but sometimes store and deliver goods. Brokers also do not (29) goods and usually are not allowed to complete a transaction (30) formal approval. Like other brokers, food brokers generally represent the seller, who pays their commission.Food brokers, (31) manufacturers' agents, operate in specific geographic locations and work for a limited (32) of food producers within these areas. Their sales force calls on chain-store buyers, store managers, and institutional purchasing agents. Brokers work (33) with advertising agencies. The aver age commission for food brokers is 5 per cent of sales.

单选题What is both an advantage and disadvantage of borrowing on life insurance?

单选题When modern management integrates many highly complex systems, they must make sure that ______.

单选题Why is it difficult for young consumers to borrow money from bank?

单选题The level of discount the size of the order that is placed. A. is depending of B. depends of C. is depending on D. depends on

单选题What Is a Market? In the simplest terms, a market is the place where seller meets buyer to exchange products for money. Traditional markets still (19) in many parts of the world. Even in the United States, during summer months, there are farmers' markets where direct selling and buying take (20) between producers and consumers. Most service industries still (21) at this market level. Manufacturing industries and most agricultural enterprises are more (22) from the consumers. Their products (23) several hand-truckers, warehouse workers, wholesalers, and retailers before reaching the final consumers. Products or commodities are usually divided into two types: consumer and industrial. Consumer goods are those (24) are sold to final users, the customers. These goods include food, clothing, automobiles, television sets, appliances, and all those things people go to stores to purchase. (25) goods are those that are sold to companies or other businesses for use in manufacturing or other purposes. Automobile makers buy many of the parts used to (26) cars. A tyre manufacturer buys rubber, synthetic or otherwise, (27) which to make tyres. (28) these materials will end up in the hands of final users: the owners of the cars. The (29) of industrial goods depends on the nature of the goods to be made for final users. The price of industrial goods and raw materials will (30) the price of final goods, those that the consumer buys. Markets are for exchanging things, (31) their function is to allocate and reallocate goods and services among the members of the society including producers as well as consumers. Since the exchange is (32) , it is assumed that both sides (33) what they want by exchange or it would not take place.

单选题· Read the article below about smoking at workplace.· Choose the best word or phrase to fill each gap from A, B, C, or D on the opposite page.· For each question 19--33, mark one letter (A, B, C, or D) on your Answer Sheet. {{B}} Tribunal Rules on Smoking at Workplace{{/B}}Employers must take sufficient steps to protect non-smoking employees from tobacco smoke or they might be faced with legal {{U}}(19) {{/U}}, warns law firm Thomas, Sell & Passmore. Jill Thomas, an employment law specialist with the firm, quotes a recent {{U}}(20) {{/U}} brought before the Employment Appeal Tribunal (EAT). An employer’s failure to protect its employees against tobacco smoke {{U}}(21) {{/U}} an employee to quit her job. Whilst working, the employee was {{U}}(22) {{/U}} to work near four secretaries who smoked and the rooms of three solicitors who smoked cigarettes, cigars and a pipe. All doors were kept open to allow ventilation from smoking rooms. After a series of {{U}}(23) {{/U}} from the plaintiff and fellow colleagues, the employer consulted staff and agreed that a smoking policy should be {{U}}(24) {{/U}} up. However, the policy did not go {{U}}(25) {{/U}} enough to solve the problem for the plaintiff. She was finally told either to {{U}}(26) {{/U}} up with the smoke or leave, which she did. The EAT ruled that the employer had breached its contractual {{U}}(27) {{/U}} to deal reasonably and promptly with its employees’ grievances, and to provide a reasonable working {{U}}(28) {{/U}} suitable for its employees. The plaintiff was awarded {{U}}(29) {{/U}}. But employers are advised to think carefully before they rush into implementing or enforcing smoking ban. Unless they take care, they could be faced with unfair dismissal claims from smokers--{{U}} (30) {{/U}} what they were trying to avoid with non-smokers. Before introducing a {{U}}(31) {{/U}} or partial smoking ban, employers are recommended to protect themselves from potential claims by smokers. {{U}}(32) {{/U}} must be consulted on their views and given reasonable notice of any changes. Employers should then {{U}}(33) {{/U}} enforce their smoking ban.

单选题[此试题无题干]

单选题WhatdoPOPprojectsaimtodo?

单选题17 These documents arrived on Thursday, A. arrived they? D. didn't there? C. didn't they? D. weren't they?

单选题What does the writer say is an additional problem for entrepreneurs in the fourth paragraph?

单选题13 When writing the report of the meeting? A. have you finished B. are you finishing C. do you finish D. will you have finished

单选题 HOW THE CREDIT CARD CAPTURED AMERICA The proliferation of platinum American Express cards in the 1980s spawned rumors of an ultimate, highly exclusive, never publicized "Black Card". Carried by billionaires, it reportedly allowed holders to demand private shopping sprees at the world's most exclusive shops and to summon helicopters in the middle of Sahara. American express vehemently denies the existence of such a charge card. But the persistence of the myth suggests the social importance credit cards have for so many Americans. As one business writer puts it, "to have one's credit cards canceled is now akin to being excommunicated by the medieval church." America's love affair with the credit card began in 1949, when businessman Frank X. McNamara finished a meal in a New York restaurant and then discovered he had no cash. In those days, gasoline and store charge cards were common, but cash was standard for almost everything else. The embarrassed McNamara called his wife, who rushed over to bail him out. His predicament gave him the idea for Diners Club. Within a year some 200 people carried the world's first multi-use credit card. The problem was to persuade enough people to carry the cards. Diners Club turned to promotions. It gave away a round-the-world trip on a popular television show. The winners charged their expenses and made it "from New York to New York without a die in their pockets". Banks, sensing among less affluent a pent-up desire to spend, began issuing cards of their own. The first to turn a profit was Bank of America's Bank Americard. Bankers from all over the country descended on its California headquarters to learn the secret of its success--so many that in 1966 Bank Americard, today known as Visa, began forming alliances with banks outside the state. The Bank Americard network soon faced a competitor when Wells Fargo Bank joined with 77 others to create what became Master Charge. After scooping up 1.3 million more "Everything Card" holders from what was then First National City Bank, Master Charge--today's Master Card--became for a while the biggest bank card in the country. Five million holiday credit-card shoppers would have created a bonanza for the banks, but in the rush to market, the hanks had been less than cautious in assembling their lists. Some families received 15 cards. Dead people and babies got cards. Even a dachshund named Alice Griffin was sent one that promised she would be welcomed as a "preferred customer" at Chicago's finest restaurants. Hundreds of Chicagoans discovered they could use or sell a car they "found", and by law, the person whose name appeared on it was liable for the charges--even if he or she had never requested or received the card.When the prime rate hit 20% in 1981, the banks found that consumers didn't mind paying rates of 18--22% on their credit-card balance. High interest rates helped attract new players into the credit-card area, including sears' Discover Card and Visa. Airlines, car and insurance companies, even long-distance phone companies allied themselves with banks to offer credit cards. Experts estimate there are from 15, 000 to 19, 000 different cards available in the country. Of course, credit cards have not only replaced cash for many purposes, but also in effect have created cash by making it instantly available virtually everywhere. The credit-card advance is becoming as ubiquitous as the automated teller machine.

单选题 PEARL RELOCATES The Pearl Group is to relocate its London headquarters and five regional offices to Peterborough in a move involving 2,000 jobs. Pearl has obtained a 20-acre site at Peterborough Business Park, on which it will develop a 250,000 square feet building at a cost of￡25 million. Construction is planned to start next spring, with the new building ready for occupation two years later. In the meantime, Pearl will start moving staff into temporary accommodation in Peterborough later this year. It is the second major endorsement of Peterborough by the Pearl Group. Some years ago, Pearl Assurance obtained a I0-acre site from the Peterborough Development Corporation at Thorpe Wood for its computer and accounts centre. The 400 staff who currently work at Thorpe Wood will transfer to the new offices and the older building, says Pearl, "will be surplus to requirements and will be further developed as an investment." A further 1,600 staff employed by the Group will be given the opportu- nity to move to Peterborough. Pearl estimates that its relocation decision will create an annual demand of between 200 and 300 jobs in the Peterborough area. Group Chairlnan Einion Holland said: "To maintain its position as one of the UK's leading life offices, Pearl must be able to offer its customers the products they want at the right price. "This requires the combination of operational flexibility and efficiency and low costs, which it would have been impossible to achieve at our existing Chief Office. "The ability to centralise our opera- tions in Peterborough and to develop the most up-to-date computer systems which only a purpose-designed build- ing will allow, will bring important long-term benefits for our customers, shareholders and employees." Pearl has occupied the same High Holborn building since 1915. Now the entire building is in need of major refurbishment, but no decision has yet been made about its development. It is estimated that among the long- term savings created by the move to Peterborough will be running costs of ￡1 million a year, and London weighting of ￡2 million. Peterborough beat off competition from other places because of Pearl's experience of the successful earlier relocation, and because of the quality of the site at the business park. For Peterborough, it is the biggest single relocation out of more than 420 firms attracted since the city's expan- sion programme began, beating the move of travel organisation Thomas Cook from London to Thorpe Wood which involved more than 1,000 jobs. Development Corporation General Manager Kenneth Hutton said: "This is the best news we have had. We have been working on this project for many months, and we knew that Pearl was looking at several other places very seriously. Peterborough won because it was the best."