单选题In the passage, which of the following is NOT included in the advantages of advertising?

单选题· You will hear a news story on the latest development in the U.S. government's legal battle against Microsoft. · For each question 23—30, mark one letter (A, B or C) for the correct answer, · You will hear the recording twice.

单选题HowdidScotthelporganizationsmaximizetheirtechnology?

单选题Under the cash basis of accounting, a firm recognizes revenues from selling goods and providing Services in the period when it receives cash from customers. It reports (19) in the period when it makes cash expenditures for merchandise, salaries, insurance, taxes, and (20) items. To illustrate the measurement of performance under the cash basis of accounting, consider the following example.Donald and Joanne Allens open a hardware store on January 1, Year 1. The firm receives $20,000 (21) cash from the Aliens and borrows $12,000 from a local bank. It must repay the loan on June 30, Year 1, with interest charged (22) the rate of 12 percent per year. The firm rents a store building on January 1, and pays 2 months' rent of $4,000 (23) . On January 1, it also pays the premium of $ 2,400 for property and liability insurance coverage for the year (24) December 31, Year 1. During January it acquires merchandise costing $40,000, (25) it purchases $26,000 for cash and $ 14,000 on account. Sales to customers during January total $50,000, of which $34,000 is for (26) and $16,000 is on account. The acquisition cost of the merchandise (27) during January is $32,000,and various employees receive $5,000 in salaries.Lawyers, accountants, and (28) professionals are the principal entities that use the cash basis of ac counting. These professionals have (29) small investments in multiperiod assets, (30) buildings and equipment, and usually collect cash from clients soon after they (31) services. Most of these firms actually use a modified cash basis of accounting, under which they (32) the costs of buildings, equipment, and similar items as assets (33) . Most individuals use the cash basis of accounting for the purpose of computing personal income and person al income taxes.

单选题·Look at the article about Coca Cola and the questions below.·For each question mark one letter A, B, C, D on your Answer Sheet, for the answer you choose. {{B}}A Brief History of Coke{{/B}}Nowadays, Coca-Cola's trademark is well known around the world and its products average a staggering 400 million servings per day in more than 155 countries. According to legend, it began in a three-legged kettle in the back yard of Atlanta pharmacist Dr. John Styth Permberton who carried a jug of his concoction down the street to Jacob's Pharmacyy where it was sold at the soda fountain for 5 cents a glass. Frank Robinson, Pemberton's partner and bookkeeper thought two "C"s would look good in advertising and wrote "Coca-Cola" in the flowering script so famous today.It is significant that Permberton spent almost twice as much money on advertising during the first years of operation as he made in profits, for the growth of Coke's popularity is as much due to the advertising and marketing strategy as it is to the quality of its product. By continually monitoring changes in consumer attitudes and behaviour, the Coca-Cola Co. has become a widely recognized leader in advertising.Pemberton could not foresee the greatest future awaiting his soft drink and sold out. Asa Griggs Candler bought the business and organized the Coca-Cola Co. into a Georgia corporation. In 1893, he registered Co ca-Cola as a trademark.Under Candler's leadership, the company began to grow quickly. In order to instigate a demand for the product, he spent heavily on advertising. Signs were put up from coast and appeared on calendars, serving trays and other merchandising items, urging people to drink Coke. Candler's campaign paid off.Candler was a creative talent at advertising, but showed little imagination in understanding Coke's marketing potential. In 1899, he sold the right to bottle Coke throughout most of the United State for $1, which he never bothered to collect. Candler saw Coke primarily as a soda-fountain drink. But two far-sighted businessmen from Chattanooga, Tennessee, Benjamin Franklin Thomas and Joseph Brown Whitehead, understood the potential, and, for the unpaid dollar, bought a franchise that became worth millions.Their agreement with Candler began the franchising bottling system that still remains the foundation of the Co ca-Cola Co.'s soft drink operations. Thomas and Whitehead sold the rights to bottle Coke to franchisers in every part of the country in return for the bottler's agreement to invest in the necessary resources and effort to make the franchise a success. During the following decade, 779 bottling plants went into operation.In the early 20th century, Coke blazed the advertising trail, developing innovative concepts that became accepted practices in the filed. One of the most effective was the distribution and redemption of complimentary tickets, entitling the holder to a glass of free Coke at the soda fountain of a dispenser.

单选题·For each question (13-18), mark one letter (A, B, C or D) on your Answer Sheet for the answer you choose. {{B}}Tips for Buying Shares{{/B}} Investing in the stock market has always been more profitable than putting money info a traditional savings account. However, it is only in the last few years that private share ownership has become accepted as a reliable form of investment. There are many reasons why more and more people are now buying shares. To begin with. the whole process is now far more flexible and user-friendly and public awareness of investment products and their tax implications is a lot higher. Even more importantly, this awareness means people now realise that the medium to long term shares are far more profitable than deposit accounts. Today, people are also more likely to invest m a company for ethical reasons or as a show of support for that company. When deciding to invest in shares, it is essential to think about your objectives. In order to avoid an expensive mistake, you need to consider your existing short and long-term financial commitments and how quickly you expect to see a return on your investment. Most importantly, you need to decide the extent to which you are prepared to speculate and then select the investment products which best reflect your attitude towards the perils inherent in any stock market investment Recently, newspapers have been full of stories of investors realising massive profits. usually in connection with the flood of Internet companies that have issued shares in the last twelve months. Such companies, however, are anything but a safe investment. Although people have been attracted by' phenomenal rate at which these companies are expanding, many investors have seen their shares fall well below the issue price within months of buying them. Private investors unwilling to tolerate high levels of risk can buy shares in blue chip companies, which are established organisations such as banks or large international corporations. Although such an investment may minimise risks, it also limits the potential profits. Some investors try to remove the element of risk by closely monitoring stock market movements on a daily basis or by paying a regular sum into a managed fund over a long period of time. However. no matter how carefully people follow the markets or what expert advice they receive, statistics show that the safest option is to spread risk by investing in a wide range of different companies across different sectors. As a first-time investor, it is vital to seek professional advice. Consultants can provide information on how to invest in the most attractive companies. They can explain how stocks. shares and bonds actually work. how much each type of investment costs and. most importantly, which products best match their clients' requirements. One reliable way of managing investments is through a broker. An alternative method is to deal in shares on the Internet. This incurs none of the regular broker's commission and investors can therefore easily afford to buy and sell shares more regularly. However, although some potential investors may find on-line trading exciting, they should be aware that direct trading is perhaps the least secure way of approaching the stock market, with few investors having the necessary skills and knowledge to make any profit whatsoever, never mind the fortunes popularised by the media.

单选题In the last sentence of the passage, "they" refers to ______.

单选题The expert describes a new technique using a microphone and a microprocessor which ... a. responds to particular types of noise. b. produces noise quieter than the car engine. c. causes the car engine to run more quietly.

单选题· Read the article below about credit card in America, and the questions on the opposite page.· For each question 13--18, mark one letter (A, B, C, or D) on your Answer Sheet for the answer you choose. {{B}} HOW THE CREDIT CARD CAPTURED AMERICA{{/B}} The proliferation of platinum American Express cards in the 1980s spawned rumors of an ultimate, highly exclusive, never publicized "Black Card". Carried by billionaires, it reportedly allowed holders to demand private shopping sprees at the world's most exclusive shops and to summon helicopters in the middle of Sahara. American express vehemently denies the existence of such a charge card. But the persistence of the myth suggests the social importance credit cards have for so many Americans. As one business writer puts it, "to have one's credit cards canceled is now akin to being excommunicated by the medieval church." America's love affair with the credit card began in 1949, when businessman Frank X. McNamara finished a meal in a New York restaurant and then discovered he had no cash. In those days, gasoline and store charge cards were common, but cash was standard for almost everything else. The embarrassed McNamara called his wife, who rushed over to bail him out. His predicament gave him the idea for Diners Club. Within a year some 200 people carried the world's first multi-use credit card. The problem was to persuade enough people to carry the cards. Diners Club turned to promotions. It gave away a round-the-world trip on a popular television show. The winners charged their expenses and made it "from New York to New York without a die in their pockets". Banks, sensing among less affluent a pent-up desire to spend, began issuing cards of their own. The first to turn a profit was Bank of America's Bank Americard. Bankers from all over the country descended on its California headquarters to learn the secret of its success--so many that in 1966 Bank Americard, today known as Visa, began forming alliances with banks outside the state. The Bank Americard network soon faced a competitor when Wells Fargo Bank joined with 77 others to create what became Master Charge. After scooping up 1.3 million more "Everything Card" holders from what was then First National City Bank, Master Charge--today's Master Card--became for a while the biggest bank card in the country. Five million holiday credit-card shoppers would have created a bonanza for the banks, but in the rush to market, the hanks had been less than cautious in assembling their lists. Some families received 15 cards. Dead people and babies got cards. Even a dachshund named Alice Griffin was sent one that promised she would be welcomed as a "preferred customer" at Chicago's finest restaurants. Hundreds of Chicagoans discovered they could use or sell a car they "found", and by law, the person whose name appeared on it was liable for the charges--even if he or she had never requested or received the card.When the prime rate hit 20% in 1981, the banks found that consumers didn't mind paying rates of 18--22% on their credit-card balance. High interest rates helped attract new players into the credit-card area, including sears' Discover Card and Visa. Airlines, car and insurance companies, even long-distance phone companies allied themselves with banks to offer credit cards. Experts estimate there are from 15, 000 to 19, 000 different cards available in the country. Of course, credit cards have not only replaced cash for many purposes, but also in effect have created cash by making it instantly available virtually everywhere. The credit-card advance is becoming as ubiquitous as the automated teller machine.

单选题China Enters CyberspaceAlthough research into the Internet began in the 1980's in China, it was not until the mid 90's that the country cautiously joined the information highway. These days however, it seems that China is ready to jump onto the "Net" with both feet. Personal Computers (PCs) are the hottest selling item on the market in major Chinese cities. At night, hundreds of Chinese who don't own a PC crowd into the now familiar Internet Cafes, where Net time costs US $3.60 an hour. Web sites from around the world can be flashing on the screens of most high-tech companies, and many believe the Net is the perfect vehicle to transport China into the through the 21st century.Even though chinese government officials are somewhat concerned about the Western content on the Internet, it is clear they want to make use of what the superhighway has to offer. The Net is so appealing in improvement-obsessed China that usage is growing more than 40% a year. "It's a daily necessity," says a Beijing Foreign Studies University student. "I plan to get online soon. I feel like I miss a lot of things and I don't want to lag behind." It seems everywhere you go the air is buzzing with talk of how to best use this modern technology.PossibilitiesThe country has 350 million children to educate what better vehicle than interactive televisions. The Finance Ministry needs to establish bank and savings accounts for China's 284 million worker—what more effective solution than smart cards? Agricultural planners dream of more productive Chinese farms how easier to send weather and agricultural information to 323 million farmers than over the Web?To tap these benefits, China has embarked on a series of nine "golden projects" that will require state-of-the art technology in everything from health-care to finance. By 2010 hundreds of millions of Chinese will be wired with a golden smart card, all part of health and financial network.This smart card or identification card, will contain vital statistics about each person, and will automatically take a proportion of that persons salary as government "golden tax" via a microchip. Bryan Nelson, Microsofts director in the region, says, "China is going to be the ultimate proof of all that the Internet can do. And the amazing thing is the Chinese seem to understand that better than some people in the West actually." The window is still small though—only 3,000,000 chinese have access to the Internet, vs. some 25 million in the U. S.—but it is opening quickly. Officials at China's Ministry of Posts and Telecommunications say they hope to have 4 million Chinese connected by 2000. At the same time, access to the outside world from China—once tightly controlled over a narrow pipeline has quadrupled in 1998, the result of newly liberalized government regulations. As late as 1996, most Net traffic to and from China had to flow through a single 56 kilobit—some U.S. homes have more bandwidth than that. Now china has a pipeline a hundred times wider, and the company ATT has just been hired to make it even bigger. Will china really have 4 million citizens on line by 2000? "Try 20 million." says Internet Cafe owner Charles Zhang, who has watched the governement exceed growth targets in everything from telephones to agricultural output. The theory behind chinese leaders' enthusiasm is that technology and competitiveness are deeply linked.ObstaclesThere are plenty Of obstacles to overcome between now and 2010. but the two biggest-limited ownership of both personal computers and the telephones—are fading. Perhaps the biggest obstacle to growth of computers and the Net in China is that Western-style keyboards aren't set up to type chinese characters. The best system for doing so, the stoke-based input method editor, was devised in the 1960s and involves using complex three and four-key combinations to enter specific characters. Where Westerners can be thought to use a standard in hours, learning to type in Chinese can take months, worse, the Web, which is still largely in English, is inaccessible to the vast majority of chinese.

单选题A word processor is a typewriter. A. more easier to use than B. easier to use as C. as easy to use as D. not as easy to use than

单选题· Read the article below about the importance of writing job descriptions.· Choose the best word or phrase to fill each gap from A, B, C, or D on the opposite page.· For each question 19--83, mark one letter (A, B, C, or D) on your Answer Sheet. {{B}} Writing Effective Job Descriptions{{/B}} A job description describes the major areas of an employee's job or position. A good job description begins with a careful {{U}}(19) {{/U}} of the. important facts about a job, such as the individual tasks {{U}}(20) {{/U}}, the methods used to complete the tasks, the purpose and responsibilities of the job, the {{U}}(21) {{/U}} of the job to other jobs, and the {{U}}(22) {{/U}} needed for the job. It's important to {{U}}(23) {{/U}} a job description practical by keeping it dynamic, functional, and current. Don't get stuck with an inflexible job description! A poor job description will {{U}}(24) {{/U}} you and your employees from trying anything new and {{U}}(25) {{/U}} how to perform their job more productively. A well-written, practical job description will {{U}}(26) {{/U}} you avoid hearing a refusal to carry out a relevant assignment because "It isn't in my job description." Realistically speaking, many jobs are {{U}}(27) {{/U}} to change due either to personal growth, organizational development, and the evolution of new technologies. {{U}}(28) {{/U}} job descriptions will encourage your employees to grow within their positions and learn how to make larger {{U}}(29) {{/U}} to your company. For example. Is your office manager stuck {{U}}(30) {{/U}} ordering office supplies for the company and keeping the storage closet well stocked or is he {{U}}(31) {{/U}} and implementing a system of ordering office supplies that promotes cost savings and {{U}}(32) {{/U}} within the organization? When writing a job description, keep in mind that the job description will {{U}}(33) {{/U}} as a major basis for outlining job training or conducting future job evaluations.

单选题According to paragraph 4, if you use $100 of your credit and repay it in 20 days, how much interest will you pay?

单选题Dear Mr. Jackson, Further to our recent exchange of communications, we are happy to confirm having (19) the deal with you in the (20) of processing goods from buyers' raw materials. Our factory has informed us that they can, at present, (21) an order of processing 1,000 dozens of gloves. (22) your email of 26 Aug., 20--, you expected that the shipment of raw materials would be (23) from Japan late November or early December. Emphasis has, however, to be laid on the (24) that shipment must be made according to planned time. You know, if you can't (25) the raw materials in time, our factory will run (26) of raw materials and it will be impossible for our factory to (27) the commodities. We are now attaching our Sales Contract No. 79 P52076 in (28) Please countersign and return us one copy for our (29) . You may rest (30) that we shall start production without any (31) after receiving your raw materials. We (32) your cooperation and trust that our products will (33) to your satisfaction.Sincerely,

单选题How did Master Card, became for a while the biggest card in the country?

单选题General Managers (GMs) are a part of middle management and play a key role in organisations. Depending on the size of the organisation a GM can be, for example, a senior manager responsible for a division or a subsidiary company or a less senior manager in charge of a department or section. They are a link or a less senior manager in charge of a department or section. They are a link between top management, who make policy decisions, and junior managers, who carry out these policies. Top management work through GMs and they can make the difference between good and bad policy and a motivated or demotivated workforce. The relationships GMs have with their bosses, subordinates and each other are very important for the success or failure of an organisation. GMs within the same organisation need to have good working relationships with each other in order to apply policies in the same way throughout the organisation. At the same time, GMs are also required to make broad policies into plans that suit their particular divisions or departments.In a company conflicts between the activities of various departments will inevitably arise, and it is the job of the GM to act as a link between the departments. Research has shown that the personality of a GM is very important in helping to resolve these departmental problems. The research has also shown that (as far as the personalities of GMs are concerned) GMs are ambitious people who have balanced temperaments and are good with people. In addition, good GMs combine these personality traits with a detailed knowledge of their business. They work hard to fit into and be accepted by the culture of their particular organisation. It has also been demonstrated that high performing GMs have three sets of skills.First, they need agenda-setting skills, so that they can identify and convince others of the most important objectives of a project. Second, GMs need to develop networking skills. Good GMs deliberately attempt to develop contacts-within and outside the organisation. Such a network of contacts means that the GM is aware of issues and can act on them quickly. To develop agenda-setting and networking skills, it is essential for a GM to be skilful in dealing with people. This is particularly important as they spend such a large amount of time working with employees at all levels of a company.In terms of work, tasks and attitude, the research has shown that managerial work is done in short bursts, with managers Working on many simultaneous projects, which can sometimes have conflicting aims. GMs discuss a wide range of subjects in an unconnected way and tend to ask questions rather than give orders. They require large amounts of information which they pass on to top management to help them to make decisions. In order to collect this information, they must learn to work in uncertain and changing environments. As a result, both the approach and style of a GM change to adapt to the setting in which they are operating. They must be flexible to succeed.

单选题· Read the article below about negotiation and the questions on the opposite page.· For each question 13-18, mark one letter (A, B, C or D) on your Answer Sheet for the answer you choose. {{B}} DEBUNKING NEGOTIATION MYTHS{{/B}} Before developing a mom effective negotiation strategy, we need to dispel several faulty assumptions and myths about negotiation. These myths hamper people's ability to learn effective negotiation skills and, in some cases, reinforce poor negotiation skills. A pervasive belief is that good negotiation skills are something that people are born with, not something that can be readily learned. This is false because most excellent negotiators are self-made. In fact, there are very few naturally gifted negotiators. We tend to hear their stories, but we must remember that their stories are selective, meaning that it is always possible for someone to have a lucky day or a fortunate experience. This myth is often perpetuated by the tendency of people to judge negotiation skills by theft car-dealership experiences. Whereas purchasing a car is certainly an important and common type of negotiation, it is not the best context by which to judge your negotiation skills. The most important negotiations are those that we engage in every day with our colleagues, supervisors, co-workers and business associates. These relationships provide a much better index of one's effectiveness in negotiation. In short, effective negotiation requires practice and feedback. The problem is that most of ns do not get an opportunity to develop effective negotiation skills in a disciplined fashion, rather, most of us learn by doing. As the second myth reveals, experience is helpful, but not sufficient. We have all met that person at the cocktail party or on the airplane who boasts about his or her great negotiation feats and how be or she learned on the job. It is only partly true that experience can improve negotiation skills; in fact, naive experience is largely ineffective in improving negotiation skills. There are three strikes against natural experience as an effective teacher. First, if a person does not know how well he or she has performed in the negotiation, it is nearly impossible to improve performance. For example, can you imagine trying to learn mathematics without ever doing homework or taking tests? The second, problem is that our memories tend to be selective, meaning that people tend to remember their successes and forget their failures or shortcomings. This is, of course, comforting to our ego, but it does not improve our ability to negotiate. Finally experience improves our confidence, but not necessarily our accuracy. People with more experience grow more and mom confident, but the accuracy of their judgment and the effectiveness of their behavior do not increase in a commensurate fashion. Overconfidence can be dangerous because it may lead people to take unwise risks. The third pervasive myth is that effective negotiation necessitates taking risks and gambles. In negotiation, this may mean saying things like "This is my final offer" or "Take it or leave it" or using threats and bluffs. This is what we call a "tough" style of negotiation, though negotiators are rarely effective; however, we tend to be impressed by the tough negotiator. An interesting exercise is to ask managers and anyone else who negotiates and to describe their approach to negotiating. Many seasoned negotiators believe that thee negotiation style involves a lot of "gut feeling," intuition, and "in-the-moment" responses. We believe that this type of intuition does not serve people well. Effective negotiator involves deliberate thought and preparation and is quite systematic.

单选题· For each question (23-30), mark one letter (A, B or C) for the correct answer.· After you have listened once, replay the recording.