单选题Wheredoesthistalkmostprobablytakeplace?A.Inastudio.B.Inaclothingstore.C.Atafashionshow.

单选题The last paragraph of this passage implies that______.

单选题Reasons for International Trade Foreign trade, the exchange of goods between nations, takes place for many reasons. Every nation wants the opportunity to export its goods and services to other countries. A foreign outlet for sales enables a manufacturer or distributor to increase the volume of his business activity, thus increasing his chance to make a profit and increasing employment opportunities. Every nation also wants the opportunity and privilege of buying from foreign countries products and services that are scarce or unavailable at home that would be useful and beneficial to its people. Trading with other countries is not the same as trading within one's own country. At home a company or a bank is familiar with its own people, laws, and business practices. At abroad the picture becomes a complex one. Each country is different and therefore is said to carry different risks. Political risks, for example, relate to such varied factors as treaties, war, import quotas, and foreign exchange restrictions. In today's complex economic world, neither individuals nor nations are self-sufficient. Nations have utilised different economic resources. People have developed different skills. This is the foundation of world trade and economic activity. So countries that do not have the resources within their own boundaries must buy from countries that export them. Foreign trade also occurs because a country often does not have enough of a particular item to meet its needs. As far as the United States is concerned, it enjoys the most favourable position and has vast coal and oil reserves, but the United States is also a heavy consumer of nature resources, and it is increasingly reliant on certain imports, especially on oil. It consumes more than it can produce at home. If one nation can sell some items at a lower cost, the other countries would buy them. Japan. a highly industrialised nation, has been able to export large quantities of automobiles because it can produce them efficiently than other countries. It is cheaper for some Western countries to buy these from Japan than to produce them domestically. Japan should produce and export those items from which it gets a comparative advantage. It should also buy and import what it needs from those countries that have a comparative advantage in the desired items. At last, innovation or style or quality plays the most important role in the foreign trade. For example, the United States produces more automobiles than any other countries; it still imports large quantities of autos from Japan, primarily because there is a market for them in the United States. In conclusion, developing international trade is a country's long-term strategy. For most nations, exports and imports are the most important international activity. With this activity, nations can develop their economy.

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单选题·Read the article below about price system, and the questions on the opposite page.·For each question 13--18, mark one letter (A, B, C, or D) on your Answer Sheet for the answer you choose. {{B}}PRICE SYSTEM{{/B}}Prices determine how resources are to be used. They are also the means by which products and services that are in limited supply are rationed among buyers. The price system of the United States is a very complex network composed of the prices of all the products bought and sold in the economy as well as those of a myriad of services, including labor, professional transportation, and public utility services. The interrelationships of all these prices make up the "system" of prices. The price of any particular product or service is linked to a broad, complicated system of prices in which everything seems to supply to the transaction, guarantees on the product or service, delivery terms, return privileges, and other factors. In other words, both buyer and seller depend more or less upon everything else. If one were to ask randomly selected individuals to define "price", many would reply that price is an amount of money paid by the buyer to the seller of a product of service or, in other words, that price is the money value of a product of service as agreed upon in a market transaction.This definition is, of course, valid as far as it goes. For a complete understanding of a price in any particular transaction, much more than the amount of money involved must be known. Both the buyer and the seller should be familiar with not only the money amount, but with the amount and quality of the product or service to be exchanged, the time and place at which the exchange will take place and payment will be made, the form of money to be used, the credit terms and discounts that should be fully aware of all the factors that comprise the total "package" being exchanged for the asked--for amount of money in order that they may evaluate a given price.

单选题Since HBC Leather Goods was formed in 2000. the company has reported one success story alter another. The company, which has become known for its top (19) leather goods, (20) its new collection last month at the May Hotel in London. It was (21) by more than 300 people. For the first time the collection included smaller (22) such as purses, wallets arm gift sets. The (23) of HBC' success is the strength of the sales team, and it is (24) that by the end of this year there could be well over three thousand salespeople world-wide selling HBC products. To (25) the top sellers, HBC is offering them an all-expenses-paid trip to Las Vegas in America in July. Managing director Peter White says that the five-day holiday will (26) all flights as well as meals and hotel accommodation. Trips to the top shows and the Grand Canyon will also be (27) . Mr. White says that the (28) has had an enthusiastic (29) . from the sales force, and will (30) a continued increase in sales. The restructuring of the company's price range, which has (31) in 70% of their goods now being priced under ￡ 30. will also (32) sales. The new price range is (33) at customers with a few spare pounds in their pockets making an impulse purchase.

单选题Simulation A simulation is a training method that represents a real-life situation, with trainees' decisions resulting in (19) that mirror what would happen if the trainees were on the job. Simulations, which allow trainees to see the impact of their decisions in an (20) , risk-free environment, are used to teach production and process skills as well as management and interpersonal skills. Simulators need to have identical elements to those found in the work environment. The simulator needs to (21) exactly like the equipment would under the conditions and response given by the trainees. For this reason simulators are expensive to develop and need constant (22) as new information about the work environment is obtained. Simulators (23) the physical equipment that employees use on the job. For example, at Motorola's Programmable Automation Literacy Lab, employees who may never have worked with a computer or robot learn to operate them. Before entering the lab, employees are given a two-hour (24) to factory automation, which introduces new concepts, vocabulary, and computer-assisted manufacturing. The simulation allows trainees to become (25) with the equipment by designing a product. Also, trainees do not have to be afraid of the impact of wrong decisions; errors are not as (26) as they would be if the trainees were using the equipment on an (27) production line. Simulations are also used to develop managerial skills. Looking Glass is a simulation designed to develop both (28) and individual management skills. In this program, participants are (29) different roles in a glass company. On the (30) of memos and correspondence, each participant (31) with other members of the management team over the course of six hours. Participants' behaviors and interactions in solving the problems described in correspondence are recorded and (32) At the conclusion of the simulation, participants are given (33) regardinq their performance.

单选题In the field of marketing, consumer goods are classed according to the way in which they are (19) The two main categories are convenience goods and shopping goods. Two lesser types are specialty and unsought goods. It must be (20) that all of these types are based on the way shoppers think about products, not on the (21) of the products themselves. What is regarded as a convenience (22) in France (wine, for example) may be a specialty in the United States. People do not (23) a great deal of time shopping for such convenience items as groceries, newspapers,toothpaste, and candy. The buying of convenience goods may be done (24) , as some families buy groceries once a week. Sometimes convenience products are bought on (25) : someone has a sudden desire for a sundae on a hot day. Or they may be purchased as emergency items. Shopping goods are items for which customers search.They (26) prices, quality, and styles, and may visit a number of stores (27) making a decision.Buying an automobile is often done this way. Specialty goods have characteristics that impel customers to make special efforts to find them. Price may be no consideration (28) Specialty goods can (29) almost any kind of products. Normally, specialty goods have a brand name or other distinguishing characteristics. Unsought goods are items a consumer does not (30) want or need or may not even know about. (31) or advertising brings such goods to the consumer's attention. The product could be something new on the market as the Sony Walkman once was or it may be (32) standard services, such as life insurance, for which most people will usually not (33) shopping.

单选题Creative Teams and Management When Colgate launched its then revolutionary Colgate Gum Protection toothpaste in 1990, company executives were confident they had a hit on their hands. The toothpaste incorporated a groundbreaking antibacterial technology they thought was the biggest innovation since fluoride. But in the months after the toothpaste's six-country rollout, the product's market share reached a meager 1%)— one-fifth of the company's projections. What went wrong? A new round of market research found that the original launch strategy muted the "breakthrough" message; the ads positioned the new toothpaste as a line extension instead of a revolutionary advance, and the public just didn't buy the product's broad claims. Up to this point, Colgate's president, Bill Shanahan, had attended only quarterly review meetings; now he rolled up his sleeves to rescue the product, establishing a worldwide marketing team and meeting regularly with global business vice president Kathleen Thornhill and CEO Reuben Mark to follow the team's progress. Shanahan and others at the very top sifted through the research and took part in the advertising development meetings, working elbow to elbow with the marketing team renamed colgate Total, and promoted with a retooled ad campaign that stressed the toothpaste's 12- hour protection, the product was a hit in most of the 103 counties outside the United States. Shanahan continued to lavish personal attention on the product, putting Colgate Total under the direct supervision of Jack Haber, the worldwide director of consumer oral care products, and committing $35 million and a team of 200 employees to the project. With that kind of senior-level backing, Harber pulled out the stops, spending $ 20 million to promote Colgate Total to U. S. dentists alone. Within two months of its domestic launch in 1997, the product captured 10.5% of the U. S. toothpaste market and within six months muscled perennial champ, Procter &Gamble's Crest, out of first place. Colgate Total has remained number one ever since. What transforms a good product idea like Colgate Total into a blockbuster? We spent ten years studying more than 700 new product development teams and interviewed over 400 project leaders, team members, senior executives, and CEOs intimately involved in product development and launch. Of the hundreds of teams we studied, just 7% of them - 49 in all - created products that scored a perfect ten on our measure of blockbuster success. To achieve that score, products had to reach or exceed company goals, customer expectations, profit and sales targets, garner company and industry awards, and attract national attention. Products don't become blockbusters without the intense, personal involvement of senior management - usually a CEO or division head. In every case studied, top management played an intimate, active, often daily role. This approach has been out of favor for decades, creative teams, as the thinking goes, should be empowered by management and then left alone. Too much attention stifles innovation. To that we say " Baloney" . Our work shows that, in the best case, management involvement should start on day one. Ideally, senior managers work closely with product team to establish must-have features and then help clear a path for the team. Top managers control resources, rules and cut through red tape. And, crucially, senior managers serve as cheerleaders and visionaries, broadcasting a message of organizational commitment that attracts buy-in at all levels of the company.

单选题· Read the fax below.· Choose the best word to fill each gap from A,B,C or D on the opposite page.· For each question 19-33, mark one letter(A, B, C or D)on your Answer Sheet.· There is an example at the beginning, (0). LTC AUSTRALIA 618 823777 25 Apr. 1999 P. 02Dear Mr. Lin Thank you for your fax, which we received on 21 April. However, I have been away at a conference for a few days and I have only just had the{{U}} (19) {{/U}} to read it. I apologize for the consequent delay in {{U}}(20) {{/U}} to you. It appears that you were not completely {{U}}(21) {{/U}} with the training videos that we sent you. However, there seems to be some confusion, and I would just like to {{U}}(22) {{/U}} a couple of points. First of all, I would like to {{U}}(23) {{/U}} what I said in my original letter: if you {{U}}(24) {{/U}} the videos unusable we will be quite prepared to {{U}}(25) {{/U}} all your money. However, it was not clear from your fax whether you had {{U}}(26) {{/U}} all the videos, or just one or two. We have received favorable {{U}}(27) {{/U}} about the videos from a number of our customers. In particular, the "Safety at Work" and First Aid "videos are extremely" {{U}}(28) {{/U}} I would be grateful, therefore, if you could {{U}}(29) {{/U}} that all ten videos are checked. Please {{U}}(30) {{/U}} out the ones that you find most {{U}}(31) {{/U}} or your needs, and return the {{U}}(32) {{/U}} cassettes. I will then be able to {{U}}(33) {{/U}} the amount payable to you.I look forward to hearing from you.Yours sincerely, (Signature )John Peters(Customer Services)

单选题A News ReportThree men who ran a cross-channel smuggling group, selling cheap French beer, wine and champagne in Britain, were (19) yesterday. The men were leaders of an 11-man group which made at least 42 (20) on the Dover-Calais ferry in three months.Trucks of (21) drink were brought into the country and sold illegally at Sunday market, and corner shops in South Wales. Two secret teams of (22) officers (23) vehicles between Kent and Cardiff in an operation called "chancer". Eleven men admitted their (24) in a conspiracy to avoid (25) duty on beer and spirits.Mr. Roger Thomas said it was (26) that 70, 000 pounds of unpaid duty was (27) between January and April last year when the gang was organizing the smuggling group. Cases of beer, wine and champagne were brought to a rented warehouse in Cardiff before being (28) to traders. Mr. Richard Nichols, a former market (29) Mr. Qichard Spencer, a shop owner, and Mr. Raymond Tout, were put in prison for terms of nine, four and three months respectively. Judge Michael Burr said the group had used a(n) (30) of helpers in an organized conspiracy to make easy money. He ordered six other men to carry out community service and conditionally (31) two others who had played a lesser role.After the case customs investigators said that the group made as many as four cross-channel trips a day mainly to a hypermarket near Calais. They went into (32) only three weeks after the new customs laws came into force on New Year's day last year. The investigators added: We hope these jail sentences will be a big help to tackle this widespread crime which is causing concern to the (33) industry.

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单选题WhathappenedinAmericaduringtheperiodofSamWalton'sgrowingup?