单选题ThepriceofinternationalcallsintoAmericais______.

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单选题The writer says that KITE groups are likely to succeed because ______.

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单选题Canada's Most Cost-Effective City In today's business climate, every corporate decision is measured by one standard--how it influences bottom line. So for businesses in Saint John, New Brunswick, important decisions usually comes easier. The reason? Saint John is the country's most cost-effective city. Many companies, including major telemarketing operations, are moving in to take advantage of substantially more competitive operating costs for human resources, workers' compensation, telecommunications and business convenience. 1. In Saint John, city center rents run approximately one-third less than the national average. Downtown Class A office space ranges in price from the low to mid teens. Class B rents for much lower fees. Salaries cost an average of 23 percent less when compared to other major centers. These reduced costs and lower household expenses make for a winning combination where employers and employees both benefit. 2. From superhighways to future highways. Saint John has it all. Leading-edge technology supplied by companies like NBTel will link your firm to the world. Combine this technology with low-cost telecommunications rates and round-the-clock service, and you have three good reasons why national firms like Northern Telecom, Canada Trust and Meditrust now call Saint John home. 3. NBTel's Competitive telecommunications rates can help an employer realize annual savings of 25 percent and more. Lower property and commercial taxes, Canada's second lowest electric power rates, and no business of salary taxes make Saint John an ideal cost-saving location. In recent comparative studies to determine the least expensive city center, Saint John ranked number one compared to 27 U. S. cities. 4. Saint John means profitability and good business sense. To help companies considering business expansion or relocation, the newly created Greater Saint John Economic Development Commission is ready to take an active role in your evaluation process. General manager Steve Carson says the Commission's role is simple: "We're here to make it easier to set up or expand a business in Saint John./

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单选题A Risky Business As everyone in business knows, working life can be difficult. At times, it seems impossible to reach a position, where everything is running smoothly. Computer failure, client indecision and even mistakes by staff can quickly send a company into crisis. Many disasters are completely unforeseen, and it is becoming increasingly important for managers to learn how to live with the unexpected. After several major disasters in the City of London, a group of managers have got together to form an organization, called Survive. Their objective is to advise companies of the steps they should take in order to maintain business continuity in the event of disaster. So far they have worked with 600 companies in the UK and they are rapidly branching out to locations around the world. Survive Singapore, which offers its services to companies in the Pacific Rim, is the latest branch of the organization to be established. The advice they offer can be broken down into three areas. Whatever size your company is, the basic lessons are the same. Firstly, if you listen to employees and customers, then you are more likely to discover the risks you may be running which you hadn't thought of. Maybe safety procedures have got a little out of date; it is your employees who can tell you which working practices are dangerous or inadequately supervised. Wider issues, such as polluting a local river, may be discovered through the public. If you have systems to keep in touch with what people are saying about you, then you will have a chance of preventing problems before they arrive. Secondly, many companies don't have adequate insurance. In fact, many small companies have very little insurance at all and only discover that they are underinsured when it is too late. A fire may break out in the office and damage to not only the office furniture but also invaluable customer recorder and legal documents. The effect of the damage to the company can often make recovery impossible. Survive will assist companies in assessing their risk of unexpected events, and point them in the direction of suitable insurance companies. The third area to look at is what to do if your office did burn down and all your records were lost. What you need is a business continuity plan. Professional assistance in drawing up a plan can be provided by Survive, who will give you access to publications, conferences, databases and workshops where you can discuss problems with people in similar situations to yours.

单选题The Significance of the Division of Labour The significance of the division of labour was first found by Adam Smith in the 1770s. He explained part of its advantages. He gives as an example the process (19) which pins were made in England. "One man draws (20) the wire; another strengthens it; a third cuts it; a fourth points it; a fifth grinds it at the top to prepare it to receive the head. To make the head (21) two or three operations. To put it on is a (22) operation, to polish the pins is another. And the important business of making pins is, (23) this manner, (24) into about eighteen operations, which in some factories are all performed by different people, (25) in others the same man will sometimes perform two or three of them. " Ten men, Smith said, in this way, turned (26) twelve pounds of pins a day or about 4,800 pins per worker. But if all of them had worked separately and (27) without division of labour, none of them could have made twenty pins in a day and perhaps not even one. There can be no doubt that division of labour is a/an (28) way of (29) work. Fewer people can make more pins. Adam Smith saw this but he also took it for granted that division of labour is in itself responsible for economic (30) and development and that it (31) for the difference between (32) economies and those that (33) still but division of labour adds nothing new; it only enables people to produce more of what they already have.

单选题 Chairman's ReportI am pleased to report that, although we had been expecting poor results for this half year because of slow growth in the world economy, the company has performed very satisfactorily. Operating profits for this first half are in fact very much (19) with those for the corresponding (20) last year. Profits reached ￡115 million before tax, compared with￡116.3 million last year. Much of our success in the last six months can be (21) to the fact. that all our major construction projects remained on schedule. Particularly pleasing was the early (22) of a major building contract in Canada.The company has made good progress with the initiatives announced at the Annual General Meeting. The majority of shareholders (23) the Board's decision to sell the company's loss-making engineering (24) It was the Board's belief that the company would (25) most benefit by (26) its resources on the expansion of its construction activities. Negotiations with a potential buyer began in February and are now at a critical (27) However, we feel that we are not as yet in a (28) to comment on what the outcome is likely to be.In June, we made a successful (29) for the Renishaw Construction Company of Hong Kong SAR, in order to give us greater (30) to markets in South East Asia. We still have sufficient resources to pursue our growth (31) and are at present (32) several other business opportunities which, like Renishaw Construction, would (33) new markets to us.

单选题Getting Along with the Boss You know that a positive relationship with your work superiors is essential to your success. But how do you ensure you stay on their right side? Your boss holds 2 our future prospects in his or her hands. Expect very few favors from a boss who does not like you, Bad relationship with the boss also means missed advancement opportunities: it is one of the major reasons for high staff turnover. If you resign because of the boss. you may also expect a dent in your professional reputation, Imagine having to provide such an "ex" boss as the contact referral person at your next interview ! The relationship you have with your boss can be a major factor in determining your rise up the ladder. Your boss isn't only your supervisor. He or she is also the person best equipped (or should be I to help you do the job you are paid to do. He/she is privy to the company's goals and knows what the company is looking for in future executives. He/she can inform you of company direction that may affect your future aspirations, He/she can put in a good word for you in the right eats. He/she is also your ally when you need back up, support or cooperation from other departments. But how does this help you establish a meaningful working relationship with your boss? The key is communication. Know your boss' priorities and try to anticipate his/her needs before he/she asks. Don't think narrowly in terms of your own immediate position. Try to understand where what you do ties in with the bigger picture. What other things can you discover about your boss? Is he/she conservative or informal? Does he/she prefer to be greeted as Mr. Ms. Miss or Mrs. or prefer first names? Is his/hers an "open door" policy or does he/she prefers you setting appointments with them? Respect your boss' time. Never barge into their office expecting or demanding an hearing immediately. Does he/she prefer to be kept informed with progress reports, or prefer you show initiative and get on with the job? Don't be a "yes man" and don't offer false flattery in the hope of' getting somewhere. It won't work! And don't aim for "closeness" in the working relationship because this can also backfire. If your boss depends upon you too much. he/she won't recommend you for promotions because you are needed too much where you are. Another possibility is that if he/ she is not a good manager, he/she may be given their marching orders. If you are seen to be a part of his/her management mishaps, you may be marching out the door with him/her! Do what you can to stay in his/her good books. Don't take "sickies" unless you are sick! Be an effective, cooperative, responsible and courteous employee and team player. It is possible that you are already these things, and you are working for somebody whose management style disagrees with your needs or expectations. Maybe friction cannot be avoided. Then, you may be better off looking for a new job in a new department or company. In short, getting along with your boss entails getting to know his/her likes and dislikes and learning to work with his/her personality and management style. And the upside about mastering communication and people skills with your own boss is that one day, those skills will pay off in your own management role with your own team.

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单选题Business Challenge In 1994, the Boliari Limited, the holding company for Piccadilly Supermarkets, was founded The first supermarket was established the following year in Varna, a resort town on the Black Sea coast. Subsequent growth has been (19) By mid 2006 Piccadilly operated six supermarkets in Varna and two in the Bulgarian capital Sofia, together with six separate (20) format "Mambo" convenience stores. Plans are in (21) for expansion across Bulgaria with another two stores due to open shortly in different towns in the country. Piccadilly's size and growth make it a significant (22) in the local economy and the company intends to be the leading supermarket in Bulgaria. Its (23) is on quality and it seeks to offer a wide range of goods in an attractive shopping environment (to provide shopping experience). The company's (24) is "load high spirits" and the aim is to (25) the high level of service achieved throughout the chain. The average age of the staff is under 30 and the company (26) the recruitment of young people and students—over 50% of the current workforce are (27) in some form of university or college studies. Bulgarian higher education allows students to study for a (28) number of hours in the day and to live at home. Inevitably this (29) to recruitment produces some challenges: for some of the staff it is their first real job and some of them face difficulties adapting to a pattern of (30) work. Some have the option of seeking parental support for their studies, so attrition rates can be high, especially in the early stages. Moreover the company has a (31) of growing its management from within so the management staff have not always gained the breadth of (32) that comes with a mature workforce. Set against this the staffs are intelligent and many are willing to commit if the organization treats them fairly and offers them (33) opportunities.

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单选题12 If the components delivered earlier we might have been able to start work on time. A. might have been B. were C. would have been D. had been

单选题Employment SituationOpinion polls are now beginning to show that, whoever is to blame and whatever happens from now on, high unemployment is probably here to say. This means we shall have to find ways of sharing the available employment more widely.But we need to go further. We must ask some fundamental questions about the future work. Should we continue to treat employment as the norm? Should we not rather encourage many ways for self-respecting people to work? Should we not create conditions in which many of us can work for ourselves, rather than for an employer? Should we not aim to revive the household and the neighborhood, as well as the factory and the office, as centers of production and work? The industrial age has been the only period of human history in which most people's work has taken the form of jobs. The industrial age may now be coming to an end, and some of the changes in work patterns which it brought may have to be reversed. This seems a daunting thought.But, in fact, it could offer the prospect of a better future for work. Universal employment, as its history shows, has not meant economic freedom.Employment became widespread when the enclosures of the 17th and 18th centuries made many people dependent on paid work by depriving them of the use of the land, and thus of the means to provide a living for themselves. Then the factory system destroyed the cottage industries and removed work from people's homes. Later, as transport improved, first by rail and then by road, people commuted longer distances to their places of employment until, eventually, many people's work lost all connection with their home lives and the places in which they live.Meanwhile, employment put women at a disadvantage. In preindustrial times, men and women had shared the productive work of the household and village community. Now it became customary for the husband to go out to paid employment, leaving the unpaid work of the home and families to his wife. Tax and benefit regulations still assume this norm today, and restrict more flexible sharing of work roles between the sexes. It was not only women whose work status suffered. As employment became the dominant form of work, young people and old people were excluded--a problem now, as more teenagers become frustrated at school and more retired people want to live active lives. All this may now have to change. The time has certainly come to switch some efforts and resources away from the idealist goal creating jobs for all, to the urgent practical task of helping many people to manage without full-time jobs.

单选题Common Stock and preferred Stock A public corporation issues certificates of ownership, called common stock, which may be traded on stock exchanges.Anyone can buy and sell shares of common stock.Owners of stock are referred to as shareholders and stockholders. common stockholders are accorded certain rights by the corporate charter.In the United States, these rights vary from state to state, but in general the articles of incorporation spell out voting rights and rights to receive profits. Common stockholders are the voting owners of a corporation.They are usually entitled to one vote per share.They may vote on numerous issues affecting the corporation (including a decision to sell or merge with another corporation) and elect a board of directors, who, in turn, hire managers to run the business.A majority shareholder is one who owns over 50 percent of the outstanding shares in a corporation and, thus, can call the shots.All other shareholders are minority shareholders.In large corporations no single person or organization owns anywhere near a majority interest.In large, publicly owned corporations a shareholder with as little as 10 percent of the shares may control the corporation effectively.If things go bad, a coalition of so called dissident shareholders may gather enough votes to replace the existing board of directors; the new board may fire the existing management and bring in their own management team. Although common stock represents ownership in a company, it does not guarantee the owners a specified rate of return.As owners, the stockholders receive profits after all expenses, including debts and taxes, have been paid. They receive profits from the business in the form of dividend payments, which represent a percentage of profits.Not all after-tax profits are paid to the stockholders in dividends.Directors usually decide quarterly how much, if any, if the profits they wish to distributed to the owners. The profits are either distributed to the owners in dividends or they are reinvested bank into the company in the form of retained earnings.If the company decides to keep the profits, the company may become more valuable and the price of the stock usually goes up.Some investors prefer profits in the way of dividends while others speculate for an increase in the price of stock.If a company goes broke, common stockholders get last claim on whatever is left over. Corporations may also issue preferred stock to investors.Preferred stock usually has no vote in the election of the board of directors, but does get preference in the distribution of the company's earnings.It offers investors a different type pf security and may be issued only after common stock had been issued.The term "preferred" applies to two conditions.First, preferred stockholders gain preferential treatment in the matter of dividends; that is, they receive a fixed rate of dividends prior to the payment of dividends on common shares.Second, if the company goes out of business or liquidates, preferred stockholders are closer to the front of the line than common stockholders when distributing the company's assets. Dividends to preferred stock may be cumulative or noncumulative.cumulative preferred stock maintained its claim to dividends even if the company had a bad year in 1994, they might decide not to pay dividends.But if they had a good year in 1995, and declared stock dividends do not accumulate.If dividends are not declared, noncumulative owners lose their claim to the profit of that period. In short, common stock usually has more control through voting privileges, greater chance for high returns and more risk, whereas preferred stock usually has less control,fixed returns, less risks, and less chance for big gains.

单选题The Importance of Good Communications Effective communication is essential for all organizations. It links the activities of the various parts of the organization and ensures that everyone is working towards a common goal. It is also extremely important for motivating employees. Staff need to know how they are getting on, what they are doing right and in which areas they could improve. Working alone can be extremely difficult and it is much easier if someone takes an interest and provides support. Employees need to understand why their job is important and how it contributes to the overall success of the firm. Personal communication should also include target setting. People usually respond well to goals, provided these are agreed between the manager and subordinate and not imposed. However, firms often have communication problems that can undermine their performance. In many cases, these problems occur because messages are passed on in an inappropriate way. There are, of course, several ways of conveying information to others in the organization which include speaking to them directly, e- mailing, telephoning or sending a memo. The most appropriate method depends on what exactly it is you are communicating. For example, anything that is particularly sensitive or confidential, such as an employee's appraisal, should be done face-to-face. One of the main problems for senior executives is that they do not have the time or resources needed to communicate effectively. In large companies, for example, it is impossible for senior managers to meet and discuss progress with each employee individually. Obviously this task can be delegated but at the cost of creating a gap between senior management and staff. As a result, managers are often forced to use other methods of communication, like memos or notes, even if they know these are not necessarily the most suitable means of passing on messages. The use of technology, such as e-mail, mobile phones and network systems, is speeding up communication immensely. However, this does not mean that more investment in technology automatically proves beneficial: systems can become outdated or employees may lack appropriate training. There are many communications tools now available but a firm cannot afford all of them. Even if it could, it does not actually need them all. The potential gains must be weighed up against the costs, and firms should realize that more communication does not necessarily mean better communication. As the number of people involved in an organization increase, the use of written communication rises even faster. Instead of a quick conversation to sort something out numerous messages can be passed backwards and forwards. This can lead to a tremendous amount of paperwork and is often less effective than face-to-face communication. When you are actually talking to someone you can discuss things until you are happy that they have understood and feedback is immediate. With written messages, however, you are never quite sure how it will be received what you think you have said and what the other person thinks you have said can be very different. The amount of written information generated in large organizations today can lead to communication overload. So much information is gathered that it gets in the way of making decisions. Take a look at the average manager's desk and you will see the problem — it is often covered with letters, reports and memos. This overload can lead to inefficiencies. For example, managers may not be able to find the information they want when they need it. Communication is also becoming more difficult with the changes occurring in employment patterns. With more people working part-time and working at home, managing communication is becoming increasingly complex.