填空题 backlog bill of exchange bill of lading bulky cash on delivery cash with order crates deadline grade hold-up inventory (US)/stock (GB) margin point of sale premium retail special delivery surcharge tender triplicate value added tax volume wholesale

填空题Branding through Differentiation It's not enough for your company to merely offer a great product or service. To get ahead of the field, today's competitive marketplace demands that the business owners 34 establish and develop a distinct brand. It's important that your brand help them create 35 and further a clear identity, if one that every employee, from the CEO down to the 36 sales team, can understand and get behind with. The brand must be your mantra, and it 37 needs to be the one that can be stated succinctly. The real key to increased 38 market share is differentiation. How you approach the differentiation depends on your 39 particular product or business. The critical starting point is for understanding whether 40 your business or your product is the brand. For instance, although Procter & Gamble 41 sells countless other products, but consumers far more readily recognize P&G's 42 individual product lines. Mr. Clean, Tide, Crest, Folgers, and Charmin, for example. 43 That's intentional branding that favors the product, not only the company. However, for 44 most of small businesses, the business itself will be the brand. How you proceed depends 45 on whether your company or product varies greatly from your competitors or whether you're one of several companies offering similar goods or services.

填空题My research is an in-depth study of 39 people who changed them or were in the process of trying to change careers. Determining the magnitude of any.34 work transition is very highly subjective. Who, apart from the person who has35 lived life through it, can say whether a shift is radical or incremental? After36 interviewing the dozens of people who were making very different kinds of37 career moves, I settled on a three-part definition of career change. Some of38 the people in my study made significant changes in the context where in39 which they worked, most typically were jumping from large, established firms40 to small, entrepreneurial organizations or to self-employment or between the41 for-profit and nonprofit sectors. Others made major changes in the content of42 the work, sometimes leaving behind occupations, such as medicine, law or43 academia, that they had trained for themselves extensively. The majority made44 significant changes in either both what they did and where they did it, but45 most important, all had experienced a feeling of having reached a crossroad, one that would require psychological change.

填空题{{B}}Section One{{/B}}· You will hear five people selling products.· For each recording, decide what the speaker is selling.· Write one letter (A-H) next to the number of the reconding.· Do not use any letter more than once.· You will hear the five recordings twice. A drug for external useB mobile phoneC skin care productsD computerE carF glovesG baby cerealsH camera

填空题·Look at the note below.·You will hear a woman calling about house renting. {{B}}Phone Message Pad{{/B}}Hiring RegistrationDate: 5th Jan. Time: 9:30Name of the customer : Mary (5) ______Contact No: (6) ______Service Details :1. An apartment near (7) ______ street, with an air-conditioner and heating system2. Rent: on more than (8) ______ a month, including water and gas.3. Renting Period: about 1.5 years from February.

填空题tastes. Potato chips are an American invention, but most Chinese, for such instance, do not know that Frito-Lay is an American company. Instead, Riskey, the company's research and development head, would hope they associate the brand with the new world of global communications and business.

填空题When an organization doesn't work right, executives are often quick to blame for "people problems". But that's wrongheaded, If an organization is not suited34 to the skills and attitudes of its members, the problem lies in with the design,35 not the people. For this test, first look at your key players -- the members of the36 top management team and other individuals are deemed critical to the business.37 For each, ask them whether the design provides the appropriate responsibilities38 and reporting relationships and wins their commitment. If so, for example, your39 CEO is a marketing type one and the design focuses her attention on40 performance management, you have got a problem. Now look at the pivotal41 jobs in the design -- the position that will need to be staffed by highly talented42 people even if the organization is to work well. Typically, these will include the43 heads of all key business units and the managers of all functions who involved44 in critical cross-unit relationships . Do you have the career paths ready and 45 development initiatives needed to create it and retain new talent for tomorrow? Do you have outstanding people to staff these jobs today?

填空题·Read the article about corporation merger.·Choose the best sentence to fill each of the blanks.·For each blank 8—12 mark one letter (A—G) on your Answer Sheet.·Do not use any letter more than once.·There is an example at the beginning {{B}}Corporation Merger{{/B}}The most common kind of consolidation today is the merger. A merger occurs when two or more companies get together to from one companyWith the deregulation of natural gas, the nation's 20 interstate pipeline companies became fearful of cutthroat competition. Some felt that they could increase their efficiency and improve their market flexibility by merging. In 1985 Internorth of Omaha paid $ 2, 3 billion for Houston Natural Gas Corporation, {{U}}(8) {{/U}}. The system connected markets from coast to coast and raised sales to $10 billion.On occasion, mergers have occurred between smaller companies in an industry dominated by a few giant firms. These smaller companies claim that{{U}} (9) {{/U}}. They maintain that such action increases competition instead of reducing it. The Antitrust Division of the Justice Department has not always agreed with them. Four major waves of mergers have taken place in this country. The first started in 1887, just prior to the pas sage of the Sherman Antitrust Act, and ended in 1904. It involved such giants as United States Steel and Standard Oil trying to create monopolies in their industries. From the end of World War I until the 1930s, large firms swallowed smaller firms to create oligopolies. The monopoly has no chance and the oligopoly little chance of succeeding today under present antitrust policy.The third major merger movement began in the 1960s, reached a peak in 1969, {{U}}(10) {{/U}}. Many of the acquisitions involved giant firms in one industry buying up large companies in totally unrelated industries. Such mergers are called conglomerate mergers. A classic example is Mobil Oil Corporation's purchase of the huge retail chain Montgomery Ward & Company.Mergers in the last ten years were in the thousands. More important is the value of the transactions, which has risen sharply. The number of mergers and acquisitions apply{{U}} (11) {{/U}}. The petroleum industry had mergers and acquisitions valued at closed to $80 billion between 1981 and 1984. Other industries{{U}} (12) {{/U}}were banking and finance, insurance, mining and mineral, and processed foods.A thereby gaining control of the world's longest PipelineB and then gradually declinedC experiencing large takeoversD resulting in combinations of small firmsE only to those valued at $100 million or moreF when two or more companies get together to form one companyG they need to merge to become more efficient and effective

填空题·Look at the note below. ·You will hear a dialogue between a man and a woman in the airport. {{B}} Ticket Booking Card{{/B}} Name: {{U}}(9) {{/U}} Sex: male Nationality: {{U}}(10) {{/U}} Flight No: Flight {{U}}(11) {{/U}} Destination: {{U}}(12) {{/U}}

填空题Message To: Tom Song From: Robert (5) (Planning Dept) Message: Friday's meeting with him and (6) changed to (7) at 11 am. Please bring (8) for the new production units.

填空题· Read the article below about knowledge management.· Choose the best sentence from the opposite page to fill each of the gaps.· For each gap 8-12, mark one letter (A-G) on your Answer Sheet.· Do not use any letter more than once. {{B}}Knowledge as a Strategic Resource{{/B}} While having unique access to valuable resources is one way to create competitive advantage, in some cases either this may not be possible or competitor?, may imitate or develop substitutes for those resources. Companies having superior knowledge, however, are able to coordinate and combine their traditional resources and capabilities in new and distinctive ways, providing more value for their customers than can their competitors. That is, by having superior intellectual resources, an organization can understand how to exploit and develop their traditional resources better than competitors, even if some or all of those traditional resources are not unique. Therefore, knowledge can be considered the most important strategic resource, and the ability to acquire, integrate, store, .share and apply it is the most important capability for building and sustaining competitive advantage. {{U}}(8) {{/U}} What is it about knowledge that makes the advantage sustainable? {{U}}(9) {{/U}} Unlike many traditional resources, it is not easily purchased in the marketplace in a ready-to-use form. To acquire similar knowledge, competitors have to engage in similar experience. However, acquiring knowledge through experience takes time, and cempetitors are limited in how much they can accelerate their learning merely through greater investment. {{U}} (10) {{/U}} Learning opportunities for an organization that already has a. knowledge advantage may be more valuable than for competitors having similar learning opportunities but starting off knowing less. For example, Big6 invested heavily in capturing and sharing knowledge about key engagements across the firm so that it could sustain its areas of advantage by always building on its latest knowledge, rather than "reinventing the wheel" while giving its competitors a chance to catch up. Sustainability may also come from an organization already knowing something that uniquely complements newly acquired knowledge, which provides an opportunity for knowledge synergy not available to its competitors. {{U}}(11) {{/U}} Organizations should therefore seek areas of learning and experimentation that can potentially add value to their existing knowledge via synergistic combination. Sustainability of a knowledge advantage, then, comes from knowing more about some things than competitor combined with the time constraints faced by competitors in acquiring similar knowledge, regardless of how much they invest to catch up. {{U}}(12) {{/U}} The mere it is used, the more valuable it becomes, creating a self-reinforcing cycle. If an organization can identify areas where its knowledge leads the competition, and if that unique knowledge can be applied profitably in the marketplace, it can represent a powerful and sustainable competitive advantage.A New knowledge is integrated with existing knowledge to develop unique insights and create even more valuable knowledge.B The broadest value proposition, then, for engaging in knowledge management is that it can enhance the organization's fundamental ability to compete.C Unlike traditional physical goods that are consumed as they are used (providing decreasing returns over time), knowledge provides increasing returns as it is used.D Knowledge-based competitive advantage is also sustainable because the more a firm already knows, the more it can learn.E Companies having superior knowledge, however, are able to coordinate and combine their traditional resources and capabilities in new and distinctive ways, providing more value for their customers than can their competitors.F As a competitive advantage, knowledge may generate more value for the company if it is appropriately used.G Knowledge -- especially context-specific, tacit knowledge embedded in complex organizational routines and developed from experience-tends to be unique, and difficult to imitate.

填空题Considerable profits will be achieved in food industry because of advertisements on soy products.

填空题{{B}}PART ONE{{/B}}·You will hear three telephone conversations or messages.·Write one or two words or a number in the numbered spaces on the notes or forms below.·You will hear each recording twice.{{B}}Conversation One{{/B}}·Look at the note below.·You will hear a man making a call about a visit. {{B}}Telephone Message{{/B}}Visiting City: BarcelonaMain Features:1. The Old City: old buildings2. (1) ______: beautiful, magnificent3. several (2) ______restaurant's food is cheap(3) ______4. Staying Hotel (4): ______ Hotel

填空题· You will hear another five recordings.· For each recording, decide what the speaker is talking about.· Write one letter (A-H) next to the number of the recording.· Do not use any letter more than once.· You will hear the five recordings twice. A company organizationB a shipmentC company resultsD sales reviewE an orderF a deliveryG an instruction manualH a sales brochure

填空题 Telephone MessageTo: John WhiteDate: 19/10/2001Patrick Fisher range to say our new (1) would bedelivered tomorrow. You need to tell Sarah Robbins, the (2) , where to (3) them. Please phone Mr Fisher on (4) if there are any problems.

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填空题 arrive ask be fly leave phone put see sneeze work write

填空题{{B}}How to approach Reading Test Part Five{{/B}}· This part of the Reading Test tests your ability to identify additional or unnecessary words in a text. Most lines contain one extra word which is incorrect.· Read the whole text quickly to find out what it is about. As you read, try to identify the words that are incorrect. Make sure you consider whole sentences, and not each line separately.· Then read the text again, and write down the extra words.· Remember there will be only one extra word in a line, and some lines are correct.· Read the article on the opposite page about identifying the training needs of staff.· In most of the lines 34 - 45 there is one extra word. It is either grammatically incorrect or does not fit in with the meaning of the text. Some lines, however, are correct.· If a line is correct, write CORRECT on your Answer Sheet.· If there is an extra word in the line, write the extra word in CAPITAL LETTERS on your Answer Sheet.· The exercise begins with two examples, (0) and (00). {{B}}Identifying training needs{{/B}} The financial benefits of training are sometimes hard to demonstrate, and often the training budget is the first to be reduced instead when spending is under pressure. For34 this reason, and given that the need for any corporate spending to provide maximum35 value for money, it is important for the differences between individuals must to be36 taken into account when considering training requirements. This makes for far more37 effective training than a programme is based solely on generalisations about staff. After38 all this, our abilities differ, and variations in previous experience can also play a39 significant role in learning. Identifying training needs and their capabilities on an40 individual basis is often carried out in appraisal interviews. In those workplaces where41 each employee's productivity is measured, such records may be considered during the42 appraisal, allowing for the possibility that inadequate training can be identified as if the43 reason for low productivity. Training requirements are also evaluated in such44 assessment centres, and in which groups of staff are observed while taking part in job45 simulation activities. Although these are often used to assess potential for promotion, but can also show employees' training needs within their current job.

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