单选题WhatisthemomentumforOliviatoachievesomuchatsuchayoungage?

单选题The process used to determine the tasks and the necessary credentials for a particular position is referred to as ______

单选题Britons are working longer hours than they did a decade ago, but are less productive than their counterparts in the United States and continental Europe, according to a survey released today. The research, conducted by the Economic and Social Research Council, a government-financed agency, discloses several work-force myths, including the notion that gold-watch employees who spend their entire careers with one company are a dying breed, and that the new economy has created a transient work force made up of professional freelancers who jump from job to job. Policy makers in Britain have promoted the idea of a more flexible work force, in which people held more part-time or temporary jobs and often worked from home, as one benefit of the new economy. The new type of employee even got a new name—the portfolio worker—and was supposed to benefit from a more flexible schedule and shorter hours. But like so much of the new economy that appears to be more wishful thinking than fact. A vast majority of the 2,500 people surveyed, 92 percent, held permanent jobs in 2,000, up from 88 percent in 1992, the last time comparable research was conducted. People are also staying in their jobs longer and working more hours than they did a decade ago. One of three British men and one of 10 women work more than 50 hours a week, said Prof. Peter Nolan. That is on average about 10 hours more than people work in most other European countries; Americans still work longer hours. Yet Britain is two-thirds less productive than the United States and one-third less productive than Europe when it comes to manufacturing output, Professor Nolan continued. The long hours are beginning to take a toll, it seems. Only 16 percent of those questioned said they would work longer hours than they do to help their organization, compared with 21 percent who said they would in 1992. Despite the government's effort to encourage investments in technology and breathe life into the digital economy, the fastest-growing jobs over the past decade were often trivial, low-wage positions. The number of hairdressers grew the fastest, Professor Nolan said. Stockers in stores ranked No. 8, behind nurses, housekeepers, call-center operators, welfare workers, education assistants and software engineers.

单选题· Read the article below about the importance of communication in business.· Choose the best word to fill each gap from A, B, C or D on the opposite page.· For each question 21-30, mark one letter (A, B, C or D) on your Answer Sheet. {{B}} Business communication{{/B}}One of the most important features in any business is communication. Good communications are required at all stages of the business process. Businesses employ, and are owned and run by, various groups of people. Workers, directors and shareholders are three important groups closely{{U}} (21) {{/U}}with a business. Other influential groups include customers, suppliers and the government.Communication{{U}} (22) {{/U}}between these groups and the individuals who make up the groups. Within{{U}} (23) {{/U}}companies internal communications occur at, and between the various levels. Directors communicate with one another concerning the company's overall strategy. They{{U}} (24) {{/U}}managers of their plans, and the managers then communicate with the other employees{{U}} (25) {{/U}}are conducted concerning pay and working conditions. Managers communicate decisions and orders and try to{{U}} (26) {{/U}}morale and motivation through good communication. Employees{{U}} (27) {{/U}}communicate with each other, for example over production and wages.External communication occurs when a company's directors or employees communicate with those individuals and groups who{{U}} (28) {{/U}}with the company. Shareholders receive copies of the company's annual accounts, together with the{{U}} (29) {{/U}}of the Chairman and Directors. Government departments require statistical and financial information from the company. An advertising agency is{{U}} (30) {{/U}}about the company's advertising policies. Customers need to know if goods have not been despatched and suppliers contacted if their goods have not been delivered. Reliable and effective communication is one of the key elements which leads to efficient management of a company.

单选题Copyright Reproduction, the oldest and most common of the copyright rights, is consistently defined in the market countries of the West. For example, the German statute defines it as the "right to make copies of a work, irrespective of the method of number"; the British Copyright Act refers to "reproducing the work in any material form"; the French Copyright Law defines a work re production as "the material fixation of a work by any method that (21) ... indirect communication to the public"; and the U. S Copyright Act refers merely to the making of "copies". In socialist countries, although a copyright does (22) ... the fight of reproduction, the fight can be exercised effectively only by state (23) ... As a consequence, (24) ... holders have to assign their rights to an agency—commonly their employer—and hope that the agency will (25) ... their copyrighted work. Of course, the development of the Internet and the World Wide Web in the past 15 years has totally changed the ease with which copyrighted works may be (26) ... It is now possible— though not necessarily (27) ... —to instantly send a perfect copy of a work of art, music, literature, or software to millions of people around the world with the click of a (28) ... The rapid developments in (29) ... have made enforcement of copyrights law much more (30) and business firms have been struggling to protect their intellectual property in this new age.

单选题When employees evaluate their supervisors, the results are likely to be more meaningful if the appraisal is done ______

单选题ClintonthoughtthathisexperienceinChina

单选题 ·Read the article below about MOO． ·Choose the correct word to fill each gap frOm A，B，C or D． ·For each question(21-30)，mark one letter(A，B，C or D)on your Answer Sheet． One of the most visible locational decisions on．a high technology firm was made by the Microelectronics and Computer Technology Corporation(MCC)．A joint venture of a dozen major computer and semi-conductor firms，MCC was founded to do research{{U}} (21) {{/U}}advanced level technologies such as new generations of supercomputers，artificial intelligence and robotics．{{U}} (22) {{/U}}a consortium created in 1982 by several firms，it had no home base or locational inertia，and began its search for a site by examining 57 cities across the country．The cities made polished sales pitches to lure the firm's eventual 400 engineers and scientists．The four finalists in the chase-Atlantis，Austin，San Diego and Raleigh-Durham，in the Research Triangle area of North Carolina，{{U}} (23) {{/U}}．was particularly noted for high tech activity． When Austin was choosen。its attractions to MCC were widely analysed by other would-be Silicon Valleys．Austin，the state capital，iS the site of the main campus of the University of Texas，a school that{{U}} (24) {{/U}}among the top twenty in the country in research funding．The university's reputation，state commitments of further support，and the city's proven quality of life attractiveness{{U}} (25) {{/U}} high tech people were the deciding factors．Austin and the State of Texas added to these attractions a package of financial and other incentives，including a favorable lease on land in the university's research park and subsidized mortgages{{U}} (26) {{/U}}．relocating employees． {{U}} (27) {{/U}}return Austin had got not only the MCC．In the typical snowballing manner of high tech areas，several other companies have decided to move research {{U}}(28) {{/U}}other advanced technology facilities there．Lockheed Missiles and Space Company，3M Corporation，and Motorola are among the firms which have added to theagglomeration of technical workers there，{{U}} (29) {{/U}}the expense of cities like Minneapolis and Phoenix，where the companies have other facilities．As a matter of fact，the entire 100 mile corridor between Austin and San Antonio is nicknamed“Silicon Gulch”．San Antonio is the site of several computer biotechnology and electronics companies．{{U}} (30) {{/U}}the“Gulch”will rival the San Francisco Bay and Boston regions in high technology will depend on its ability to spawn a succession of new firms as technology advances and changes．

单选题A CHALLENGE TO TRADITIONAL BANKING Traditional methods of banking are under threat from a "new type of account" which is actually meant to be almost perpetually in debit. This account, to be (21) in a few months' time, is intended to (22) a range of personal banking services; such as current accounts, mortgages, personal loans and credit cards. Customers, who must (23) that they are at least five years from retirement, will be required to (24) a mortgage of at least 10,000 on their homes and have their salaries paid directly into the account. They will then have an agreed credit (25) of up to three times their annual salary, to use as they wish, as well as the usual (26) such as debit, credit and cash cards and a cheque book. Accounts in debit will be charged interest at a rate of 8.2 percent. This (27) favourably with the standard mortgage rate of 8.45 percent, personal loan rates of around 13 percent and credit card (28) of about 22 percent. When the debt is cleared—as it must be by the time the customer retires—and the account goes into credit, it will attract interest at about 5 percent. Some experts say that it will revolutionise personal banking in the UK. But the (29) has been dismissed as a gimmick by rival banks and criticized by consumer groups, which are voicing fears that many customers on average incomes could be (30) into serious debt.

单选题[此试题无题干]

单选题Who will be prevented from buying the good?

单选题 · Read the following a~icle about team work and answer the questions on the opposite page． · For each question 15-20，mark one letter(A，B，C or D)on your Answer Sheet for the answer you choose． Is your group really a team? Teams are all the rage in the workplace today，and every organization speaks of the importance of teams．But just because a group of people work together does not necessarily make them a team．There are essential elements that identify teams，and nurturing them will help you become a good team leader． Let's begin with a definition of what a team really is．Teams are groups of individuals who accomplish designated objectives by working interdependenlIy，communicating effectively，and making decisions that impact their day to day work．So the first question to ask yourself is，‘How close does my team come to this definton?’If it doesn't measure up to the definition，then you are not really leading a team．You are probably managing a work group．There is absolutely nothing wrong with a work group．A work group can achieve great results with your close supemision．The idea，however，in today's changing organization and our competitive global marketplace，is to develop teams that can work autonomously without your close direction and support． In a team．members share decision-making and often build consensus，with two-way communication between manager and members．There are joint work assignments and accountability on both the individual and team levels．In a work group，the manager is the decision-maker，and there is a one-way，top-down pattern of communication。Each member has individual work assignments，and each person is held accountable and appraised by the manager. Whether you operate as a work group or a team depends on three factors．Firstly，the skill and motivational level of members．Skilled and motivated employees need to be able to make decisions on their own and communicate upwardly when they need to．This is a model for working as a team．Secondly，the nature of the work．Some work situations do not call for members to make decisions together，nor is there a need for much two way communication among team members and their manager．But if there is a need for both，you have a team．Thirdly，the manager's belief that indMduals can work autonomously and interdependently．This attitude is essential for today's workplace。When managers do not hold this belief，they will favor the work group over the team． To get a group of individuals to function as a team，it is necessary to highlight the following issues．As for team members．everyone of them needs to know what he or she is supposed to accomplish and how it fits in with what other team members do.And they must be allowed to make decisions that impact their work products and semices．When we give people ownership over what they are doing，they perform much better．Last but not least．team members cannot hold back on any comments that will help the team grow and prosper．As for the team leader，he or she should have the technical knowledge of what the team is doing，as well as be able to motivate and inspire the team．A qualified leader should always be ready to acknowledge team members’accomplishment．Members need ongoing reminders that their efforts are valued and appreciated so that they can sustain high levels of performance．

单选题Inventory Inventory is an important part of the cost of doing business in a large company. If a company is assembling cars, they must have a large number of parts in hand so that the assembly line does not stop because one part is missing. If cars are going down the assembly line and one person is supposed to fasten wheels on to the car, the whole line will stop if he runs out of fasteners. This means that several hundred men will be waiting while someone must find fasteners for the wheel. So there must be a sufficient number of parts of all sorts nearby in order to keep the car assembly line running smoothly. A large supply of spare parts is very expensive, so a company will try to keep its inventory as low as it can without finding it necessary to stop production for lack of a part. In a planned company, it was often difficult to secure spare parts and so many companies ordered many extra parts and kept large supplies of parts so that if a mistake was made in planning, they could continue to produce. This was known as just-in-case inventory. As an economy moves from a planned economy to a market economy, the important thing for a business is to make money and not just produce. It's very expensive to keep large suppliers available just in case there is a delay in delivery. So increasingly, companies are moving to another system of inventory of spare parts as low as possible. This way they do not have to pay for parts used in production until just before they are paid for the finished product. This saves them much capital and is a much more efficient method of operating. The problem with this is that if a shipment is delayed or lost for some reason, the whole factory may have to stop because they don't have one little part. This is very expensive. Most modern industries try to keep inventory as low as possible, but when they adopt just-in-time inventory control, they try to keep at least some extra in stock for emergencies.

单选题Negotiation is a common and necessary process in concluding an international transaction. Businesspeople from different cultures may sometimes find themselves in an awkward position owing to the cultural conflict. As a matter of fact, when two parties of different cultures sit at the negotiation table, two cultures are conflicting. Cultural conflict may result in a failure of a deal or loss of opportunity or loss of profits. For example, foreigners with some knowledge about Chinese culture will avoid making an appointment with Chinese businesspeople to negotiate during the traditional Chinese Spring Festival, especially on the New Year's Eve and in the following three days, as Chinese people think that it is not the time to make money during the Festival. On the other hand, they need relaxation after a whole year's hard work. Cultural elements influence the style, method, pace, and goals of the negotiators. The negotiators must remain alert to not only the culture of the society represented but the personal views and outlook of the negotiator across the negotiation table and even across wire (talking on the phone). Negotiation between businesspeople is an activity of cross-cultural communication, and closely linked with communication is the accommodation of differences in negotiating styles. Some cultures are more formal than others, others more confrontational; some will be understated, others inclined to exaggeration; some more conscious of status and far less egalitarian than Americans, others so circumspect (to save face and preserve harmony as to leave a typical Western businessman baffled in trying to find out the intent). Understanding manners and customs is especially important in negotiations because misunderstanding manners or customs of another culture may result in poor outcomes or even disasters. To negotiate effectively in cross-culture negotiation, all types of communication should be read correctly. For example, Americans often interpret inaction and silence as negative sign. Japanese managers tend to expect that their silence can get Americans to lower prices or sweeten a deal. Even a simple agreement may take days to negotiate in the Middle East because the Arab party may want to talk about unrelated issues or do something else for a while. The aggressive style of Russian negotiators and their usual last-minute change requests may cause astonishment and concern on the part of ill-prepared negotiators. The following examples may further show how culture conflicts damage international trade transactions. At the negotiation table, Western business negotiation group leader found the Japanese negotiation leader nodding his head after he made his offer to the Japanese negotiator, so he thought the Japanese business counterpart agreed to their offer, and he took out the contract, hoping to conclude the negotiation by signing the sales contract. But, to his great astonishment, the Japanese counterpart did not show any sign of signing the contract. The Western business negotiation group leader, however, felt offended. He thought the Japanese counterpart was not serious. The negotiation then ended resultless. The process of decision making is varied. The time taken to make one decision will depend on whether such authority is centralized, assigned to a committee of technical people, routed through a network within the organization, or entirely delegated to the negotiator. For example, again it is concerned with the negotiation between the Japanese businesspeople and an American group. After being offered the price, The Japanese negotiators habitually remained silent for some time. The American negotiator, however. thought that the price he had offered might be not competitive. So he reduced the offered price, which surprised and very much pleased the Japanese negotiators.