单选题A (n) ______ is an assignment to a higher-level job with more responsibility and greater pay.

单选题Which one of the following is a disadvantage of a computerized accounting system over a manual accounting system?

单选题If the market price of a good is below the equilibrium price ______ A．quantity demanded Hill exceed quantity supplied, resulting in a shortage. B．quantity demanded Hill exceed quantity supplied, resulting in a surplus. C．quantity supplied will exceed quantity demanded, resulting in a shortage. D．quantity supplied will exceed quantity demanded, resulting in a surplus. E．the supply curve will shift to the left and the demand curve will shift to the right.

单选题 · You will hear part of an interview on cross-cultural management with Steve Denison，an internal business consultant with ABD，a multinational car manufacturer． · For each question 23-30，mark one letter A，B or C for the correct answer． · You will hear the recording twice．

单选题Which of the following pricing strategies would likely be used in a market where no other competitive products are available? A．cost-based pricing B．penetration pricing C．predatory pricing D．price skimming E．defensive pricing

单选题Customer Relationship Management In today's fast-moving market, it is a simple fact that products are constantly being replaced by something new. For companies large and small, the most important real(21)with measurable, long-term value is loyal, one-to-one customer relationships. However, despite their importance, they do not(22)On any company's balance sheet. If a company lost 10% of its inventory to theft, it would react swiftly, but if the company loses 10% of its customers, this may not be (23) In this age of product (24) in which the market fails to perceive any profound difference between products or companies, effective management of customer relationships is critical in achieving a competitive (25) Delivering quality service and achieving high customer satisfaction have been closely (26) to profits, and consequently the (27) all companies are trying to make is to provide more internal and external customer relationship focus. By (28) available information technology, leading companies have already shortened process and response times, increasing customer satisfaction. But companies must make a profit to survive, so telling a chief executive to focus more on customers, through the use of expensive information technology, may fall on deaf ears unless it can be demonstrated that such investments will be (29) In terms of revenue, market share and profits. Certain companies are responding to this new customer focus by completely (30) their traditional financial-only measurements of corporate performance, and seeking new ways of measuring customers' perceptions and expectations.

单选题continuously B. continually C. incessantly D. unceasingly

单选题Finding and keeping tomorrow's high-fliers To gain competitive advantage, organisations need to attract and retain potential high-performers who can develop and implement winning strategies. They need people with a genius for (21) things done quickly and effectively, which includes completing projects on time, and inspiring and leading colleagues. In (22) they need the ability to ensure a company's success. Such people can (23) their organisations to great heights. However, many of those who stand (24) because of their talent leave because their employers are (25) to their agendas. In fact, many organisations need a clearer idea of what motivates such people. Money is not particularly effective as a motivator, because high - performers tend to (26) a good financial package for granted. Empowerment is particularly significant for new talent, however, and wise employers (27) high - performers the opportunity to feel that they 'own' a project. The challenge of the work is another essential motivator for high-fliers, who need to feel that their employer has a strong (28) of how the job contributes to their career development. High - performers should also have a platform for self- development, to enable them to (29) their skills. Above all, high - performers want to feel that the organisation they work for (30) them as special. If they find that it is not interested in them as people but only as high-performing commodities, it will be hardly surprising if their loyalty is minimal. An organisation which bears ail this in mind is in a better position to keep its high-fliers, both present and future.

单选题 Leadership Leadership is the heart of the managerial process, because it involves initiating action. Other terms identifying the same idea are directing, executing, supervising, ordering, and guiding. Whatever term is used, the idea is to (21) into effect the decisions, plans, and programs that have previously been worked (22) for achieving the goals of the group. Leadership concerns the overall (23) in which a manager influences the actions of subordinates. First, it includes the (24) of orders that are clear, comprehensive, and within the capabilities of subordinates to accomplish. Second, it implies a continual training activity in which subordinates are given instructions to enable them to (25) the particular assignment in the existing situation. Third, it necessarily involves the motivation of workers to try to (26) the expectations of the manager. Fourth, it consists of maintaining discipline and rewarding those who (27) properly. In short, leading is the final action of a manager in getting others to act after all preparations have been made.The manager's style of direction depends upon his or her own personal traits and the situation in (28) In leadership, more than any other function, the manager must determine an approach alone, after surveying the (29) that are available. In any event, each manager will (30) well to act as an individual, and not to try to act as others act or to proceed according to the textbook.

单选题What kind of an offer could let the whole negotiation process go smoothly?

单选题In every industry there is a need for managerial staff. From first-line supervisors to top executives, managers plan and direct the work of the organization, set policy, establish channels of communication, and evaluate the work that is done. These functions require knowledge, skills, and judgment that are most effectively developed on the job. To prepare individuals for management responsibilities, many companies use Management Trainee positions. These positions are most often found in finance, trade, manufacturing, and in government agencies. Depending on the business, the position may also be referred to as marketing trainee, purchasing trainee, accounting trainee, or management intern. Whatever the title, the purpose of the position is the same: to qualify individuals for management functions within the organization. Specific duties of a Management Trainee vary widely according to the nature of the industry and the individual firm employing the trainee. Very often, a trainee's assignments are rotated among the various departments in order to develop familiarity with the whole organization and its functions. Trainees may also get classroom instruction in subjects related to their rotational experience. Instruction may include lectures, guest speakers, projects, and oral presentations. Some organizations evaluate with tests or exams to move to another level. A Management Trainee hired by a department store may spend several months working as a clerk in one or more of the sales departments, followed by additional time working in customer services, purchasing, merchandising, and personnel departments, for example. Many firms have formal written training programs which lay out the instruction and types programs which lay out the instruction and types of assignments the trainee will receive. They also specify times for periodic evaluation of the trainee's performance. Management traineeships may range in length from six months to two or more years. Some programs are set up, where based on the trainee's knowledge and skill set, the trainee will progress to more challenging projects or finish the program early with incentives. The idea of a management trainee job is to evaluate the trainee's leadership, decision-making, problem-solving, communication and organization skills, then find their niche in the company. Basically, trainees will progress and succeed based on how hard they work and the area where they excel. A permanent placement is not always guaranteed but is highly possible. A management trainee role is a great way to obtain an overview of an organization and of various kinds of jobs within the o organization.

单选题A. Business etiquette is made up of significantly more important things than knowing which fork to use at lunch with a client. Unfortunately, in the perception of others, the devil is in the details. People may feel that if you can't be trusted not to embarrass yourself in business and social situations, you may lack the self-control necessary to be good at what you do. Etiquette is about presenting yourself with the kind of polish that shows you can be taken seriously. B. These guidelines have some difficult-to-navigate nuances, depending on the company, the local culture, and the requirements of the situation. Possibilities to commit a faux pas are limitless, and chances are, sooner or later, you'll make a mistake. But you can minimize them, re cover quickly, and avoid causing a bad impression by being generally considerate and attentive to the concerns of others, and by adhering to the basic rules of etiquette. When in doubt, stick to the basics. C. When doing business abroad it is important to understand the local culture. Culture includes areas such as a country's norms, values, behaviors, food, architecture, fashion and art. Understanding business etiquette allows you to feel comfortable in your dealings with foreign friends, colleagues, customers or clients. Knowing what to do and say in the right places will help build trust and open lines of communication. D. Westerners going to India to do business find out pretty soon that India is a culture where it is absolutely impossible to just drop in to conduct business and then fly away unaffected. The pace of life, the vivacity of the teeming masses, the mélée of sounds, the richness of colors and smells, the tenacity of the unpredictable to surface like an ubiquitous spook amidst all at tempts on both sides to make business smooth and manageable-all this is India. E. Etiquette, and especially business etiquette, is a means of maximizing your potential by presenting yourself positively. Writing a business letter is not simply a matter of expressing your ideas clearly. The way you write a letter and the etiquette you employ may have a significant impact on your success or failure in business. Failure to observe correct business letter etiquette can result in you adopting an inappropriate tone, causing offense or misunderstandings, lack of clarity or purpose and hostility or soured relations.

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单选题MartinDunkleyworks______

单选题 Leisure Time There are some people who really do live for their work and lead totally fulfilled lives with this as their only or main focus. Are you one of them? If not, are you (21) enough attention to your need for time away from work? There are two big problems here. One is finding a job that does not involve excessive hours, a job where you are still (22) seriously even if you don't frequently work late. The other is deciding how you want to spend your leisure time. If circumstances are conspiring to squeeze that last bit of precious (23) time out of your week, then (24) on to some time, even one hour a week, as sacred. Build it into your diary and never let anyone (25) you out of it. Even if it means doing an extra hour earlier in the week, it's worth it. Another (26) is to try to change the status quo. It is often middle management who want to see us at our desks 24 hours a day, (27) of output, whereas more objective senior managers may (28) that going home on time is a more productive long-term strategy. Perhaps it's time for us to (29) a stand. Even if, in the short term, we cannot work fewer hours and so cannot find the leisure time we need, then at least we can bear it in (30) as an aim for the future.

单选题·Read the following article about knowledge acquisition and the questions on the opposite page.·For each question 15-20, mark one letter (A,B, C or D ) on your Answer Sheet for the answer you choose. In business, if not politics, the world has quietened down a bit: the number of spectacular bankruptcies, indictments, scandals, and implosions is not as high as it was in 2001 and 2002. Although executives still have to face a global slowdown, the uncertain effects of the war in Iraq, and the still fresh confusion over SARS, they might now be excused a deep breath and a look at aspects of their businesses that may have been neglected in the scramble to stay on top of new accounting laws and restated earnings.One area to start catching up on is knowledge. This is tree both personally, as executives work out whether or not they are staying on top of internal or external developments, but also at the level of companies. A survey of knowledge management, "Knowledge Unplugged", published in 2001 by McKinsey, found that the best-performing companies were far more likely than the worst-performing ones to use creative techniques for acquiring, processing and distributing knowledge — everything from emphasizing teamwork in product development to holding "idea contests" and laying to avoid boring daily routines.But creating an atmosphere in which knowledge can be shared can be almost as challenging as obtaining it in the first place. This is the potential prisoner's dilemma of knowledge: the more valued it becomes, the less incentive employees have to share it with one another, at the risk of losing the competitive advantage of what they know — or, worse, seeing another profit at their expense. This proves to be even more true at the company level. While firms might mm to external partners m enhance their knowledge base, the sharing will be incomplete without mutual trust.Since "knowledge" is such a vague term, it helps to have specific goals in mind when looking to gain more of it. Are you looking for information about your company, or industry in particular? Despite the general slowdown in executive education, there are still a number of courses devoted specifically to helping managers in given industries — technology, for example, or health care. Are you more concerned with acquiring more knowledge, or putting it to better use? Do you need to move quickly, or is this a subject that needs to be explored in greater depth?And bear in mind that styles of learning vary. Some people will profit most from informal networking; some enjoy learning in a classroom; others will be able to take advantage of the company intranet. Be flexible in the pursuit of knowledge; it is better to set performance targets, concentrate on meeting them, and allow individuals and their teams to explore their own solutions. Sometimes the best way to generate knowledge is simply a bit of brainstorming.The edition of Executive Education Outlook looks at the options available to executives in gaining knowledge, and enhancing what they already have. It includes a look at the state of distance learning- neither the revolution the hype claimed it would be in the late 1990s, nor completely dismissable — as a possible conduit of knowledge, the best place to go for new programmes in knowledge management, and a consideration of the demand for the best sources of knowledge: business-school academics. Concentrating on knowledge now may be the best way to be prepared for the next challenges facing the business world.

单选题All of the following are benefits of product branding except ______ A．greater company name recognition B．lower prices C．easier to introduce new products D．easier to enter new geographic markets E．easier to obtain retail store shelf space