填空题Supervising employees by remote control requires more skills than when employees are within physical reach.

填空题裁决 仲裁 自然力 仲裁条款 仲裁程序 仲裁裁决 仲裁申请 不可抗力 仲裁承认 仲裁执行 交付仲裁的协议

填空题TaskOne-Problems·Forquestions13-17,matchtheextractswiththeproblems,listedA-H.·Foreachextract,decidewhichproblemforthecompanyismentioned.·Writeoneletter(A-H)nexttothenumberoftheextract.AThedirectors'experiencewasnarrow.BCertainproductswentoutoffashion.CTherewasarelianceonpoor-qualitysupplies.DTherewereconflictsbetweendirectors.EToomanynewproductswerelaunchedatthesametime.FReasonsforprevioussuccessweremisunderstood.GTherewasafailuretounderstandeconomictrends.HSomeadvisorsmadepoorrecommendations...........................

填空题The product life cycle Products have a limited life, not only from the consumer's viewpoint, but also when as far as the producer is concerned. For example, a particular model41. of car might last 5 years before production is stopped and it is replaced42. for by a completely new model. New inventions and technology43. have to made many products obsolete. Fashion can be another major44. as influence on the life of a product. Some products survive because45. they now sell after in different areas. Products, since they have a46. limited life, all have a life cycle. It is obvious that different products47. are last for different lengths of time but their life cycles have certain48. common in elements which can be described as the introduction, growth49. and maturity stages. The length of the product's life cycle can often be50. extended by a modifying the product in some way and this is often done by51. companies to keep their products on the market for a longer period.52. Provided that the product remains so competitive, this can be much less expensive than developing a new model.

填空题Remember! Type 1 If+present will+infinitive=real and possible Type 2 If+past,... would+infinitive=unreal or improbable Use type 1 or 2 conditionals to complete the sentences, using the verbs in brackets. If I were (be) you, I would be (be) very careful.

填空题Strategic alliance may bring negative effects to firms if not properly managed.

填空题 Using wind to generate energyUsing the wind to generate energy is often considered unfeasible. In Great Britain, however, wind power is no longer a subject for cranks and dreamers. (0)H The wind now generates enough electricity to supply 250,000 people. Power companies are investing heavily in the business and windmills are becoming a common sight. (9) Even though wind power is clean and does not produce any greenhouse gases, pressure groups are determined to prevent its spread.The National Wind Power Company wants to develop a huge wind farm on the top of Flaight Hill, an extremely beautiful area of Northern England. If they are given the go-ahead, the company will erect 44 rotors there. (10) They complain that the 60 metre turbines will spoil one of Britain's last remaining areas of natural beauty. They say that this is totally unacceptable. (11) They say that because the turbines are usually seen from some way away, their size would not be noticed because of the scale of the countryside. The idea that wind farms ruin rural areas is not accepted by the British Wind Energy Association. The only problem is that people haven't got used to them yet. (12) They also claim that using the wind is an essential element in attempts to reduce pollution. And this is not all. (13) To support this, they point to statistics which show that 51 per cent of the power generated by wind turbines can be extracted, compared with about 30 per cent of that generated by coal-fired power stations.The government is keen to boost the amount of electricity generated by renewable energy sources. In 1994, renewables, including the wind, produced just 2 per cent of Britain's electricity, compared with almost half from coal-powered stations. In future, the government would like to see at least 10 per cent of the nation's power coming from the wind. (14) This, however, would cover up to 1,250 square miles of countryside. One answer is to locate some of them at sea. It is estimated that as much as 20 per cent of Britain's energy needs could be supplied by, offshore wind turbines by the year 2025.A. Local residents are determined to fight this plan.B. They also dismiss claims that wind technology is inefficient.C. However, this development has not been universally welcomed.D. To achieve this, some 40,000 300-kilowatt turbines would be needed.E. In a press release they state that the countryside is always changing and they deny that wind machines look ugly.F. Recent research, however, has indicated some new problems.G. Such allegations are dismissed out of hand by the company.H. It is now regarded as an important and economically viable source of energy.

填空题{{B}}PART TWO{{/B}}{{B}} ·Read the following text. ·Choose the best sentence from A--H to fill in each of the gaps. ·For each gap 9--14, mark one letter A--H. ·Do not use any letter more than once.{{/B}} When companies do business overseas, they come in contact with people from different cultures. These individuals often speak a different language and have their own particular custom and manners. {{U}}(9) {{/U}}.For example, in France, business meetings begin promptly at the designated time and everyone is expected to be there. Foreign business people who are tardy are often left outside to cool their heels as a means of letting them know the importance of promptness. Unless one is aware of such expected behaviors {{U}}(10) {{/U}}A second traditional problem is that of monetary conversions. For example, if a transaction is conducted with Russia, payment may be made in rubles. Of course, this currency is of little value to the American firm. It is, therefore, necessary to convert the foreign currency to American dollars. {{U}}(11) {{/U}}. This conversion rate is determined by every market, where the currencies of countries are bought and sold. Thus there is an established rate, {{U}}(12) {{/U}}. For example, the ruble may be worth 0.75 on Monday and 0.72 on Tuesday because of an announced wheat shortage in Russia. In addition, there is the dilemma associated with converting at 0.72. {{U}}(13) {{/U}}, feeling that the ruble will sink much lower over the next week. As a result, conversion may finally come at 0.69. These "losses" must be accepted by the company as one of the costs of doing business overseas.A third unique problem is trade barriers. For one reason or another, {{U}}(14) {{/U}}. Some trade barriers are directly related to exports. For example,, the United States permits strategic military material to be shipped abroad only after government permission has been obtained. Most trade barriers, however, are designed to restrict import. Two of the most common import barriers are quotas and tariffs.A. all countries can import or export goods as they likeB. some financial institutions may be unwilling to pay this priceC. although it will often fluctuate from day to dayD. all countries impose trade barriers on certain goods crossing their bordersE. but there are so many problems in communicatingF. these differences can create problemsG. How much are these Russian rubles worth in terms of dollars?H. he may end up insulting the people with whom he hopes to establish trade relations

填空题ACAREERIN RETAILINGKeeping the customer satisfied is central to the retail business. But how much job satisfaction can workers in the retail trade expect? Five people who work in retailing talk about their careers.ASteve Cain is deputy director of trading for a large supermarket. He says, "When I moved into the retail sector I found it offered more tangible achievements and rewards than my previous business consultancy work. The power base has changed in the industry, and it's the retailers who are now driving things forward. Before, buyers waited for the product to come in and negotiated the price with the manufacturers, but now in food retailing, it's the retailers themselves who are developing their own brands and fixing prices, so that makes it an exciting field to work in."BVirginia Clement is support and development manager for a large clothing department store. "This means I am responsible for all the buying and merchandising. This demands teamwork, and for me this is one of the most attractive aspects of working at head office. You have a lot of contact with people, from shop floor staff to suppliers. We work in a very open environment and we're very team orientated. Each team is responsible for getting a particular product to the store on time and in the right quantities."CTim Edlund, who works in buying for a large clothing store, says, "The buyer has to have some flair for design, but balancing that, you need a strategic view and business acumen. There are numerous factors influencing a buyer's choice of product range for each season. I have to be aware of current trends in the suppliers' market, competitors' activity and both local and global customer demand. I go all over Britain to keep abreast of this information. Working hours are very irregular, so it's the complete opposite to a 9 to 5 job. It can be extremely exhausting, but I love it."DDiane Maxwell is buying controller for women's wear for a home shopping catalogue company. She says that, despite the hard work, her job remains varied and satisfying. "I've gained a huge range of skills with the company in all kinds of fields, both through formal courses and by means of on-the-job training. The scope of the buying role is extremely broad. It's not just about the product. The focus of the job is on producing a profitable range and that requires extensive business knowledge."EJan Shaw is personnel director of a supermarket. She says, "What we really want to do in our company is take on people with a real interest in trade rather than managers who only want to complete a job as fast as possible. Our new graduate recruitment programme aims to do exactly that. The induction programme introduces all aspects of working for our company, giving early responsibility and first-hand experience of the company's working culture. Career development within the company is based on general management skills rather than pecialisation, so whatever department they are in, employees will focus on similar aims.\

填空题Doing Favours at WorkProductivity rises when workers help each other more. Francis Flynn, of Columbia University's business school, studied 161 engineers working for a telecoms firm near San Francisco. They work in eight teams, but each individually sorts (31) detailed engineering problems sent in from around the country. Mr. Flynn asked each employee to report how (32) he swapped help with each member of the team and who had given relatively more in their exchanges. Thus, he looked separately at the frequency with (33) individual workers made such swaps and at how one-sidedly generous they were. He also asked employees to rate how highly they regarded one (34) Mr. Flynn correlated the answers he got with information from the firm on employees' productivity. He found that generous employees who got little (35) exchange were well-regarded by colleagues. Employees who helped colleagues generously but did not receive help in return were less productive. Those who received as well as gave (36) relatively more productive, particularly those who helped each other most often. A pattern of frequent giving and receiving boosted (37) productivity and social standing.Why (38) productivity rise when employees frequently swap help? Mr. Flynn has two explanations. First, as employees learn more about the resources they can offer each other, they develop a more-efficient pattern of requesting and giving help. Second, helpful employees learn to trust each other more, and become willing to do bigger favours because they feel more sure (39) the likelihood of reciprocation. And, of course, it is nicer to work with helpful people (40) with the other sort.

填空题 Task Two—Statements · For questions 18-22, match the extracts with the statement of what they do to their companies, listed A-H. · For each extract, choose the statement described. · Write one letter (A-H) next to the number of the extract. A It became a digital photography printer. B It has transited to a digital one completely. C Joint ventures soon get equal responsibilities. D They have faster delivery and lower prices. E It has transited into a digital one partially. F They provide good service and training. G It's surprising to stand on top of the building. H They couldn't build strong client relationship.

填空题The advice people get from applying technology to management is to set policies.

填空题The Concept of Property The concept of property has been the subject of much discussion and debate for philosophers, writers, politicians, and other intellectuals throughout history. James Fenimore Cooper, the popular American writer, saw (31) ... as "the groundwork of moral independence"; Abraham Lincoln described it as "the fruit of labor" and " a positive good in the world' ; for John Locke, the English philosopher and political theorist, it was "the reason (32) ... men enter into society"; Walter Lippmann, the highly respected American journalist, (33) ... it as "the only depend able foundation of personal liberty"; while Pierre J. Proudhon, the noted French anarchist, saw it as "theft", saying it represented the exploitation of the worker. Philosophical and political definitions aside, property is a relatively (34) ... concept in the eyes of the law: the right of an individual to exclusively possess, use, and dispose of anything (35) ... can be owned. Broadly (36) there are two separate types of property: personal and real. Personal property is characterized by its portable nature; it can be carried from place to place. Furthermore, personal property can be either tangible or intangible. Tangible personal property encompasses ownership interest in things that have a physical existence and are able to be moved, or carried from place to place. Most property (37) ... into this category; a car, wallet, photograph, textbook, shirt, pen, and watch are all common (38) ... of tangible personal property. Intangible personal property, on the other hand, by its (39) ... nature does not have a physical existence, but is merely a (40) ... that can be owned, as opposed to a real, tangible object. Common examples of intangible property include copyrights, patents, trademarks, stocks, and bonds.

填空题Task Two-Sources of funding ·For questions 18-22，match the extracts with the sources of funding，listed A-H． ·For each extract，decide which source of funding described． ·Write one letter(A-H)next to the number of the extract． A．a large company B．a gift of money from a friend C．sale of shares as a limited company D．money borrowed from family E．the sale of the owner's property F．the investment of the owner's savings G．state funding H．a bank loan

填空题standardize

填空题economy in the country will slow by itself in the near future.