单选题The iPod Has Turned Apple into a Superbrand No single brand could be compared to Apple's iPod, which is expected to be the hottest gift over the holiday season. In the three months to December 31st, Apple sold 14m digital music players, compared with 4.5m in the same period in 2004. The iPod (19) a product category, as Sony's Walkman once did when music was delivered on cassette instead of over the internet. And (20) Apple's iTunes Music Store accounting for 80% of legal music downloads, the Californian company now has a brand that marketers hold in awe. But can Apple also use its new brand power to sell (21) computers? At Apple's annual Macworld event on January 10th, Steve Jobs, the company's chief executive, unveiled what many fans had been (22) : the first Macintosh computers based on chips made by Intel, which also power the vast (23) of personal computers that run Microsoft's Windows operating system. Apple hopes the high performance of its new Intel-based Macs will help it (24) market share from makers of Windows-based PCs. But the "halo effect" from the iPod remains Apple's most (25) means of boosting sales of its computers. Surveys suggest that some 10-20% of PC users who buy an iPod subsequently go on to buy a Mac. In 2005 the iPod helped the company to (26) its share of the personal-computer market from 3% to 4%. Apple's challenge is that getting people to buy an iPod, a new type of device, is (27) than getting them to switch loyalties in an existing product category. The most powerful factor working in Apple's favour is peer (28) : what friends and relatives have to say about products is now the most (29) form of consumer advice, and to be seen with (30) different can be almost taboo. That is why millions of people said they wanted an iPod for Christmas, and not a digital-music player from another manufacturer—even though rival players are often cheaper than iPods. and generally have more (31) . During the years it (32) in Microsoft's shadow, Apple (33) from having a distinctive, counter-cultural brand. But given its dominance in digital music, where it is anything but the underdog, how long can Apple keep its cool?

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单选题· Read the extracted report below about business intelligence.· Choose the best word to fill each gap from A, B, C or D on the opposite page.· For each question 19-33, mark one letter (A, B, C or D) on your Answer Sheet. {{B}} {{U}}Benefits of Business Intelligence{{/U}}{{/B}} One of the most effective uses of business intelligence is within the enterprise, disseminating key business metrics to knowledge workers and information stakeholders at every level. The benefits of business intelligence, however, {{U}}(19) {{/U}} beyond the walls of the enterprise. Customers can {{U}}(20) {{/U}} from the sharing of information like how effective the company has been in meeting delivery {{U}}(21) {{/U}} and product quality objectives. Perhaps more importantly, providing {{U}}(22) {{/U}} to this information sends a powerful {{U}}(23) {{/U}} to the customer base that the company will live up to its {{U}}(24) {{/U}}. Business intelligence can help improve the performance levels of suppliers by providing them with metrics such as competitiveness of bids, ease of {{U}}(25) {{/U}}, timeliness of delivery, accuracy of invoicing or any other important {{U}}(26) {{/U}} Providing suppliers these {{U}}(27) {{/U}} typically creates for them powerful {{U}}(28) {{/U}} to improve performance where {{U}}(29) {{/U}}. Effective business intelligence solutions ensure that you are able to share the data from these solutions with all of these {{U}}(30) {{/U}} Business intelligence solutions enable you and your employees to make better, more {{U}}(31) {{/U}} decisions that will have a {{U}}(32) {{/U}} impact on your company. They also enable your company to {{U}}(33) {{/U}} its partnerships with customers and suppliers, which, in return, makes your business even stronger.

单选题Most presentations today depend on the use of some sort of technology, such as a laptop computer linked to a projector. While this technology can help to (19) presentations better, it also has a (20) of getting in the way. As a general (21) . it is better to (22) on the content of a presentation as a means of (23) your audience's attention, rather than relying on sophisticated equipment. Bear in mind that when an organization invites (24) for a contract, they may (25) four or five presentations from different companies on the same day. Each of these companies will probably be using the same computer graphics (26) and the same equipment. The chances are the presentations will be similar too. That's why the content and (27) of what you say are important. Think about what you want to say and how to say it as clearly as possible. As a first step, you need to (28) the main points you want to get across. Audiences are easily bored and (29) to remember only the most entertaining, exciting or unusual ideas. Next create your materials, choosing the images for your presentation carefully. Remember you do not want to stop your audience from listening to you, nor do you want to (30) . them. Finally, make all the necessary (31) for the equipment you need. If technology is to be an important (32) of your presentation, make sure you know how to use it (33) and test it out beforehand.

单选题As the practitioners in all disciplines do, managers in process and quality management need ______.

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单选题The Management of Change Today, change is a permanent characteristic of business activity. In some cases it is expected and planned for. In others it is not. Some changes may be impossible to forecast and therefore pose the greatest danger. The effect will be heightened when the factors driving change fall beyond the control of the business. New consumer tastes, the rise of competitors, new legislation and economic fluctuations are all examples of this. People bring about change, but they are also the most important barrier to its success. Individuals may resist change to protect pay, for example. It often takes time for workers to adapt. and if payment is based on output, they may, to begin with, earn less. They may also, since change can endanger a person's authority, regard change as a threat to their status. In addition, the wish to maintain group membership can be strong, and workers may resist change because they are worried about what others may think if they do not. There are two key ways in which managers can help individuals overcome their natural resistance to change. The first is to involve those affected at every stage of the process so they understand why a new approach is necessary and have an interest in its success. To achieve this, when a decision is to be made, a proposal should pass between all employees who have an interest in the outcome. They are then asked to comment on the idea: in this way agreement about the best way forward gradually emerges and a final plan can be developed. Of course, this is much less useful if rapid change is needed in response to a crisis. An alternative is to keep all those people affected by a change informed of what is happening at each stage of the process. Make sure everyone is aware of the options available. Many of the difficulties caused by a new situation are the result of fear of the unknown, but by informing those involved, some of the uncertainty can be removed. When change is actually introduced, the process must be controlled. The final outcome of the programme should be the situation that was identified as 'where we want to be' in the initial planning phase. Targets should be set for each stage to ensure that progress is focused and does not slow down. It is essential that each target is measurable and that people recognise what is involved. If the outcome of each stage is well defined, action can be taken if the process shows any sign of moving out of control. One individual experienced at managing change is Martin Chambers, CEO of a North American computer firm. He says, "The secret is to build an organisation that isn't afraid to make changes while it's still on top, when it's not a matter of survival, " He also encourages his management team to learn from competitors. "It's important to understand how the market works, to know what products are available, and to always be thinking ahead." His approach signals that failure to constantly adapt to market conditions is why companies fall from positions of market dominance.

单选题Video Games Move Online In the eyes of media executives, the Internet is a malevolent vacuum-cleaner, sucking in one business after another. Music, software and videos are all increasingly obtained online—often free of charge. Now it is the turn of video games. A combination of new technology and compelling economics means that many, if not most, of them will be played online soon. Online gaming is not new. Since the early days of the Internet, netizens have indulged in "massively multiplayer role-playing online games", a genre that, now completes with fancy graphics, is still very popular, particularly in Asia. Some console games can be played online. There are several reasons to think, however, that video games have begun the transition from an industry primarily based on consoles and shrink-wrapped software to one in which online services dominate. Conventional gaming has not proved as resistant to the recession as many had expected. Meanwhile alternatives are emerging quickly. Many personal computers are powerful enough to run fast-moving, graphics-heavy games just as well as consoles. As a result, firms are offering online games that can be played either through "client" software, which users download, or via a web browser. These trends are dwarfed, however, by the explosion of "social" games, which have become all the rage on social networks such as Facebook. These are more about interaction than action: players either join their friends for an online game of poker or Scrabble, or to create and show off virtual pets, farms and mob families. As gaming moves online, the economics of the industry are changing. Conventional games take years to develop and cost millions to market, and rely on big sales in their first few weeks of release to recoup the investment, making the launch of a new game a gamble akin to a Hollywood studio's decision to produce a big-budget film. As a result, like Hollywood, big gamemakers focus on successful franchises with fancy effects and plenty of action - and have moved online only hesitantly. Online games, in particular the social kind, are hard for firms steeped in this model to make, argues Kristian Segerstrale, the boss of Playfish, the number two in social gaming. Developing a new game takes only a few months and costs a few hundred thousand dollars. It can still be improved after its launch. Virtual distribution is far cheaper, and marketing tends to be too, since games often spread "virally" among friends on social networks. The most important change will be in the way publishers earn money. Although some are charging subscription fees to players of online games or selling advertising, many of them make most of their money by managing an online economy, complete with virtual goods and a digital currency. Playing is free, but users can get ahead by buying extra bits and bobs.

单选题Common Stock and Preferred StockA public corporation issues certificates of ownership, called common stock, which may be traded on stock ex changes. Anyone can buy and sell shares of common stock. Owners of stock are referred to as shareholders and stockholders. Common stockholders are accorded certain rights by the corporate charter. In the United States, these rights vary from state to state, but in general the articles of incorporation spell out voting rights and rights to receive profits.Common stockholders are the voting owners of a Corporation. They are usually entitled to one vote per share. They may vote on numerous affecting the corporation (including a decision to sell or merge with anther corporation) and elect a board of directors, who, in turn, hire managers to run the business. A majority shareholder is one who owns over 50 percent of the outstanding shares in a corporation and, thus, can call the shots. All other shareholders are minority shareholders. In large corporations no single person or organization owns anywhere near a majority interest. In large, publicly owned corporations a shareholder with as little as 10 percent of the shares may control the corporation effectively. If things go badly, a coalition of so called dissident shareholders may gather enough votes to replace the existing board of directors; the new board may fire the existing management and bring in their own management team.Although common stock represents ownership in a company, it does not guarantee the owners a specified rate of return. As owners, the stockholders receive profits after all expenses, including debts and taxes, have been paid. They receive profits from the business in the form of dividend payments, which represent a percentage of profits. Not all after-tax profits are paid to the stockholders in dividends. Directors usually decide quarterly how much, if any, if the profits they wish to distributed to the owners. The profits are either distributed to the owners in dividends or they are reinvested bank into the company in the form of retained earnings. If the company decides to keep the profits, the company may become more valuable and the price of the stock usually goes up. Some investors prefer profits in the way of dividends while others speculate for an increase in the price of stock. If a company goes broke, common stockholders get last claim on whatever is left over.Corporations may also issue preferred stock to investors. Preferred stock usually has no vote in the election of the board of directors, but does get preference in the distribution of the company's earnings. It offers investors a different type of security and may be issued only after common stock had been issued. The term "preferred" applies to two conditions. First, preferred stockholders gain preferential treatment in the matter of dividends) That is, they receive a fixed fete of dividends prior to the payment of dividends on common shares. Second, if the company goes out of business or liquidates, preferred stockholders are closer to the front of the line than common stockholders when distributing the company's assets.Dividends to preferred stock may be cumulative or noncumulative. Cumulative preferred stock maintained its claim to dividends even if the company had a bad year in 1994, they might decide not to pay dividends. But if they had a good year in 1995, and declared stock dividends do not accumulate, If dividends are not declared, noncumulative owners lose their claim to the profit of that period.All in all, common stock usually has more control through voting privileges, greater chance for high returns, and more risk, while preferred stock usually has less control, fixed returns, less risks, and less chance for big gains.

单选题BrokersBrokers neither physically handle products being distributed nor work on a continuing (19) with their principals (20) , a broker is an independent wholesaling middleman that brings buyers and sellers together and provides market information to either party. M0st brokers work for sellers, (21) a small percentage represent buyers.Brokers have no authority to set prices. They simply negotiate a sale and leave it up to the seller to accept or (22) the buyer's offer. They also furnish considerable market information (23) prices, products, and general market conditions.Because of the limited services provided, brokers receive relatively small commissions—5 percent or less. (24) , brokers need to operate on a low-cost basis.Food brokers (25) buyers and sellers of food and (26) general-merchandise items to one another and bring them together to complete a sale. They are well (27) about market conditions, terms of sale, sources of credit, price setting, potential (28) , and the art of negotiating. They do not actually provide credit but sometimes store and deliver goods. Brokers also do not (29) goods and usually are not allowed to complete a transaction (30) formal approval. Like other brokers, food brokers generally represent the seller, who pays their commission.Food brokers, (31) manufacturers' agents, operate in specific geographic locations and work for a limited (32) of food producers within these areas. Their sales force calls on chain-store buyers, store managers, and institutional purchasing agents. Brokers work (33) with advertising agencies. The aver age commission for food brokers is 5 per cent of sales.

单选题What is both an advantage and disadvantage of borrowing on life insurance?

单选题When modern management integrates many highly complex systems, they must make sure that ______.

单选题Why is it difficult for young consumers to borrow money from bank?

单选题The level of discount the size of the order that is placed. A. is depending of B. depends of C. is depending on D. depends on

单选题What Is a Market? In the simplest terms, a market is the place where seller meets buyer to exchange products for money. Traditional markets still (19) in many parts of the world. Even in the United States, during summer months, there are farmers' markets where direct selling and buying take (20) between producers and consumers. Most service industries still (21) at this market level. Manufacturing industries and most agricultural enterprises are more (22) from the consumers. Their products (23) several hand-truckers, warehouse workers, wholesalers, and retailers before reaching the final consumers. Products or commodities are usually divided into two types: consumer and industrial. Consumer goods are those (24) are sold to final users, the customers. These goods include food, clothing, automobiles, television sets, appliances, and all those things people go to stores to purchase. (25) goods are those that are sold to companies or other businesses for use in manufacturing or other purposes. Automobile makers buy many of the parts used to (26) cars. A tyre manufacturer buys rubber, synthetic or otherwise, (27) which to make tyres. (28) these materials will end up in the hands of final users: the owners of the cars. The (29) of industrial goods depends on the nature of the goods to be made for final users. The price of industrial goods and raw materials will (30) the price of final goods, those that the consumer buys. Markets are for exchanging things, (31) their function is to allocate and reallocate goods and services among the members of the society including producers as well as consumers. Since the exchange is (32) , it is assumed that both sides (33) what they want by exchange or it would not take place.