填空题 The importance of satisfaction and morale Broadly speaking, job satisfaction is the degree of enjoyment that people derive from performing their jobs. If people enjoy their work, they are relatively satisfied; if they do not enjoy their work, they are relatively dissatisfied. In turn, satisfied employees are likely to have high morale -- the overall attitude that employees have toward their workplace. Morale reflects the degree to which they perceive that their needs are being met by their jobs. It is determined by a variety of factors, including job satisfaction and satisfaction with such things as pay benefits, coworkers, and promotion opportunities. (8) Some large firms, for example, have instituted companywide programs designed specifically to address employees' needs. Employees at SAS institute, a large software development company in North Carolina, enjoy private offices, a free health clinic, two on-site day-care centers, flexible work hours with 35-hour work weeks, a company-subsidized cafeteria, and year-end bonuses and profit sharing. Managers at Hyatt Hotels report that conducting frequent surveys of employee attitudes, soliciting employee input, and -- most important -- acting on that input give their company an edge in recruiting and retaining productive workers. (9) For example, First Tennessee, a midsize regional bank, believes that work and family are so closely related that family considerations should enter into job design. Thus, it offers such benefits as on-site child care. When workers are satisfied and morale is high, the organization benefits in many ways. Compared with dissatisfied workers, for example; satisfied employees are more committed and loyal. (10) In addition, they tend to have fewer grievances and engage in fewer negative behaviors (complaining, deliberately slowing their work pace, and so forth) than dissatisfied counterparts. Finally, satisfied workers tend not only to come to work every day but also to remain with the organization. By promoting satisfaction and morale, then, management is working to ensure more efficient operations. Conversely, the costs of dissatisfaction and poor morale are high. Dissatisfied workers are far more likely to be absent for minor illnesses, personal reasons; or a general disinclination to go to work. (11) High levels of turnover have many negative consequences, including the disruption of production schedules, high retraining costs and decreased productivity. (12) The results of one recent study shows that companies with the highest levels of satisfaction and morale significantly outperformed the 300 largest US companies over both 5 and 10 years. Of course, many other factors contributed to the performance of both sets of companies, but these differences nevertheless can not be ignored.A Low morale may also result in high turnover -- the ratio of newly hired to currently employed workers.B In turn, satisfied employees are likely to have high morale -- the overall attitude that employees have toward their workplace.C In fact, evidence suggests that job satisfaction and employee morale may directly affect a company's performance.D Such employees are more likely to work hard and to make useful contributions to the organization.E Managers of smaller businesses realize that the personal touch can reap big benefits in employee morale and even devotion.F Companies can involve employee morale and job satisfaction in a variety of ways.G In conclusion, the higher satisfaction and morale, the better for the organization.

填空题SupermarketSupermarket is a type of retailing institution that has a moderately broad product assortment spanning groceries and some nonfood lines, that ordinarily emphasizes price in either an offensive or defensive way. As a method, supermarket retailing features several related product lines, a high degree of self-service, largely centralized checkout, and competitive prices. The supermarket approach to retailing is used to sell various kinds of merchandise, (8) .The term supermarket usually refers to an institution in the grocery retailing field. Most supermarkets emphasize price. Some use price offensively by featuring low prices in order to attract customers. Other supermarkets use price more defensively by relying on leader pricing to avoid a price disadvantage. Since supermarkets typically have very thin gross margins, they need high levels of inventory turnover to achieve satisfactory returns on invested capital.Supermarkets originated in-the early 1930s. They were established by independents (9) . Supermarkets were an immediate success, and the innovation was soon adopted by chain stores. In recent decades supermarkets have added various nonfood lines to provide customers with one-stop shopping convenience and to improve overall gross margins.Today stores using the supermarket method of retailing are dominant in grocery retailing. However, different names are used to distinguish these institutions (10) .A superstore is a larger version of the supermarket. It offers more grocery and nonfood items (11) . Many supermarket chains are emphasizing superstores in their new construction.Combination stores are usually even larger than superstore. They, too, offer more groceries and nonfoods than a supermarket but also most product lines found in a large drugstore. Some combination stores are joint ventures between supermarkets and drug chains such as Kroger and Sav-on.For many years the supermarket has been under attack from numerous competitors. For example, a grocery shopper can choose among not only many brands of supermarkets but also various types of institutions (ware house stores, gourmet shops, meat and fish markets, and convenience stores). Supermarkets have reacted to competitive pressures (12) : Some cut costs and stressed low prices by offering more private brands and generic products and few customer services. Others expanded their store size and assortments by adding more nonfood lines (especially products found in drugstores), groceries attuned to a particular market area (foods that appeal to a specific ethnic group, for example), and various service departments (including video rentals, restaurants, delicatessens, financial institutions, and pharmacies).A including building materials, office products, and, of course, groceriesB attracting more customers with their low pricesC primarily in either of two waysD to compete with grocery chainsE a type of retailing institutionF by size and assortmentG than a conventional supermarket does

填空题Only when you have followers can you be a leader

填空题You will hear five short recordings. For each recording, decide which aspect of working conditions the speaker is talking about. Write one letter(A-H)next to the number of the recording. Do not use any letter more than once. After you have listened once, replay the recordings.A career prospectsB health and safetyC working hoursD holiday allowanceE training coursesF disciplinary proceduresG job securityH pay increases

填空题 · Look at the form below. · You will hear people introducing each other. (5)______ and Miss Song, the marketing manager of (6)______ picked up George, the (7)______ manager of Bain's (8)______ Department.

填空题·Read the article below about decision making psychology. ·Choose the best sentence from the opposite page to fill each of the gaps. ·For each gap 8-12, mark one letter (A-G). ·Do not use any letter more than once. ·There is one extra letter which you do not need to use. Decision Making Psychology Made Simple Decisions decisions! Understanding decision making psychology can enable you to reach a conclusion quicker. Whether it's choosing a holiday destination, or project to fund. you'll find this outline of decision making psychology a useful addition to your management toolkit. Making up your own mind should (in theory at least) be the easiest after all, there's only one person involved! So we'll skip onto the more challenging area of group decision making. Somehow. out of the personality clashes,power struggles and hidden agendas, a perfect solution is expected to emerge...... In group decision making, there are a number of methods that can be applied,{{U}} (8) {{/U}}The methods that are closer to the directive range, mean that the decision is made by a limited, small number of decision makers in the group. The methods that are lower on the spectrum.towards the participatory range, mean that the decision is made by all the parties involved. Individual Dominance is where one person in the group has the authority or power to make the final decision. Minority Minority usually takes the form of decisions delegated from larger groups and made by sub-committees. Majority Rules usually involve the group voting on the alternatives and the alternative receiving the most votes, wins. Consensus is achieved through group discussion of the alternatives, where every group member can agree on an option and commit to the outcome. Directive decision making is great when time is tight and decisions need made fast, The risk is that decisions made by one person are owned by one person. People affected by the decision can soon make their feelings known by their actions. {{U}}(9) {{/U}}If there is a low or negative bank account between people involved, there may be trouble ahead! {{U}} (10) {{/U}}In simple terms, people want to be involved.Regardless of power or status, knowing you have control and influence over your working life increases satisfaction and productivity. It is well known in the caring professions that offering choice helps speed recovery. The bed-bound patient who is asked whether they want their curtains open or closed, or has a plant to care for. fares better than those whose life is entirely managed by other people,Involving more people in decision making is risky. It takes more time. It requires skilled facilitation. It doesn't guarantee success.{{U}} (11) {{/U}} Decision making psychology is simple-involvement gets results. Although power struggles, personality clashes and hidden agendas are scary territory, over time,power dissipates, people get on and agendas become more transparent.{{U}} (12) {{/U}}The decision to work this way is yours! A．To increase your chance of a decision being accepted, a more participatory approach is recommended. B．But what it does do, is increase the likelihood of decisions being owned and acted upon by enough people for a positive change to be effected. C．These methods map out along a spectrum,from 'directive' to 'participatory' decision making. D．Invest some time in learning group decision making techniques and getting facilitation experience and you will get results. E．If there is a high emotional bank account between people involved, the decision may be accepted although not liked. F．Corporate executives have come to learn that to be effective, doing good must be grounded in a firm's long-term strategy. G．So we'll skip onto the more challenging area of group decision making.

填空题Telephone Message Date: 1st April Time: 9:45 item: buying (9) Purpose: 10 for meeting room, (10) for the office Total money: (11) Deadline for purchasing: before (12) , April

填空题AWhere do you buy your clothes? Well, most of us shop at traditional retailers with increasingly frequent trios to discount stores and Internet. And most of the super-rich and trendy buy directly from designers like Gucci, Armani and Chanel. But lately their shopping habits and ours have been converging. Bonita Carol reports that many of the fashion elite are coming out of the closet and going straight to K Mart. Take a peek inside fashion editor Christy Ferrel's closet, and you'll find couture side by side with K Mart.BFashion reporter Jerry Agins calls the trend "cheapskate chic": the regent fashionable wearing Sears shoes, Wal-Mart pants and Target sweaters, proudly pairing them with designer labels. The whole trend of "cheapskate chic" is a lot of affluent people are now shopping differently, and they're just like everybody, they're decorating their homes, they're spending a lot of time in stores like K Mart and Wal-Mart. And you're in there once or twice a week, so while you're in there picking up paper towels and toilet paper and toothpaste, you happen to kind of wander about the fashion aisles.CA watershed event occurred when Sharon Stone wore that Gap T-shirt at the Oscars. She looked terrific. Everybody wondered what she had on and later they found out that she had on that $ 22 Gap turtleneck and that really resonated with a lot of consumers. Stores like the Gap, Sears, K Mart and target are taking full advantage, offering fashion mavens that perfect denim jacket or pair of jeans, T-shirt or little black dress or top to make them match with high fashion.DRetail Watcher said mass merchants are benefiting greatly from this "cheapskate chic" trend. In 1998 mass retailers such as K Mart, Wal-Mart and Target accounted for 43% of all apparel sold. And that's up from 38% five years earlier. And these stores are stealing away customers from more upscale boutiques. In Target's case, or as the fashionably in crowd call it "Tarzhay", about 80% of its customers are college educated and have a medium household income of $ 47, 000. Maybe that's why Target's offering Kashmir sweaters for the first time.

填空题{{B}}PART TWO{{/B}}{{B}} ·Read the following text. ·Choose the best sentence from the list A—H to fill each of the blanks. ·For each blank (8—12) mark one letter (A—H) on your answer sheet. ·Do not mark any letter twice.{{/B}} The former chief executive officer of Computer Associates was indicted by a federal grand jury in New York Wednesday for allegedly participating in a massive fraud conspiracy and an elaborate cover up of a scheme that cost investors hundreds of millions of dollars.Meanwhile the company, under new management, reached an agreement with the Security and Exchange Commission to pay $225 million in compensation to shareholders victimized by the criminal conduct.{{U}} (8) {{/U}}.{{U}}(9) {{/U}}.A third executive, former senior vice president and general counsel Stephen Woghin, pleaded guilty in Brooklyn Wednesday for his role in the fraud scheme.Prosecutors said the long-running accounting fraud scheme featured what came to be known by Computer Associates employees as a "35-day month"{{U}} (10) {{/U}}."The defendants cooked the books by simply keeping them open beyond the end of a fiscal quarter for however long it took to meet the analysts earning estimates," said Deputy Attorney General James Comey. Comey said by the time the "house of cards" collapsed, about $2.2 billion in revenue was booked prematurely.Comey was joined by top FBI and SEC officials for announcement of the charges and settlement at a Justice Department news conference.{{U}} (11) {{/U}}.Comey noted that for the first time in a major corporate fraud case, prosecutors decided to defer prosecution against the corporation itself.{{U}} (12) {{/U}}if the new management team met a series of strict requirements for corporate reform."I view this as sort of a model," Comey told reporters."We have no interest in swinging at a wrong door and knocking down thousands of innocent employees," he said. The deputy attorney general said if the company demonstrates it has a culture "that can be saved and contribute to society" there was no reason to further punish the corporation. A. Comey said the government wouldn't have known the schemes B. it also agreed to institute corporate reforms and to cooperate with ongoing federal investigations C. the government promised to drop charges against CA after 18 months D. because company books were hidden until revenues exceeded the estimates E. because company books were routinely kept open until revenues exceeded projected goals F. when CA refused to corporate with ongoing federal investigations G. former CEO and chairman of the board Sanjay Kumar was indicted in Brooklyn along with his former head of worldwide sales, Stephen Richards H. Comey heads the Bush Administration's Corporate Fraud Task Force

填空题· Read the text below about marketing information.· In most of the lines 34—45 there is one extra word. It is either grammatically incorrect or does not fit in with the meaning of the text. Some lines, however, are correct.· If a line is correct, write CORRECT on your Answer Sheet.· If there is an extra word in the line, write the extra word in CAPITAL LETTERS on your Answer Sheet. {{B}} Marketing Information{{/B}}Correct Sales and marketing messages are illegal if they falsely advertise prices,the performance capability, quality, or the other product characteristics, or deceive34 the buyer in what any way. A Western Canadian electronics firm was convicted35 recently of bait-and-switch selling (selling products with deceptive advertising).36 This practice occurs when a company advertises at a very low price on a37 product, but the customer has great many difficulty getting the special price.38 Rather that, the company attempts to sell the customer a similar but39 higher-priced product or offers a rain check that it will not be honored. This40 tactic for attracting customers is a form of deceptive marketing. Furthermore,41 sellers of services must also be cautious about how the language they use to42 describe what they will do. Letters, reports, and proposals that they describe43 services to be performed are interpreted as contracts in courts. Sales and44 marketing messages must not make claims that cannot be verified, so that45 language must not promise more than which intended.

填空题Fly High Courier Missing Item Record Delivery number: FRM-(9) ______ Caller's name: Richard HUSSAIN Date of collection : (10)______ From: Chicago, US To: (11) ______,UK Contents: paperwork for loans Notes: package delivered on 10:55 am, Feb. 7th without(12) ______on file as front door delivery.

填空题Notes The edition the man wants to advertise on is: (1) The press date is (2) The location of the ad the man likes is (3) The cost of the ad is: (4)

填空题How Management Teams Can Have a Good Fight Top managers often find it very difficult to manage conflict. They know that conflict over issues is natural and even necessary. Reasonable people，making decisions under conditions of uncertainty，are likely to have honest disagreements over the best path for their company's future. Management teams whose members challenge one another's thinking develop a more complete understanding of the choices, cerate a richer range of options. Ultimately they are able to make the kinds of effective decisions necessary in today's competitive environments. But, unfortunately, healthy conflict can quickly turn unproductive. A comment meant as a substantive remark can be interpreted as a personal attack. (8) Personalities frequently become closely connected with issues. Because most executives are proud of their ability to make rational decisions，they find it difficult even to acknowledge—let alone manage—this emotional，irrational dimension of their behavior. The challenge is familiar to anyone who has ever been part of a management team. (9) The managers should be encouraged to argue without destroying their ability to work as a team. In a study，in 4 of the 12 companies，there was little or no substantive disagreement over major issues and therefore little conflict to observe. But the other 8 companies experienced considerable conflict. In 4 of them，the top-management teams handled conflict in a way that avoided interpersonal hostility or discord. (10) They described the way they work as a team as‘open’，‘fun’，and ‘productive’. The executives vigorously debated the issues，but they wasted little time on carefully considering and posturing. As one put it, 'I really don't have time. 'Another said, 'We don't gloss over the issues：we hit them straight on. But we're not political, ' Still another observed of her company's management team, 'We scream a lot，then laugh，and then resolve the issue. ' The other four companies in which issues were contested were less successful at avoiding interpersonal conflict. Their top teams were plagued by intense hostility. (11) When executives described their colleagues to us，they used words such as‘manipulative’, ‘secretive’.‘burned out’，and‘political’. The teams with minimal interpersonal conflict were able to separate substantive issues from those based on personalities. (12) How did they do that? After analyzing the observations of the teams’ behavior, the experts found that their companies used the same tactics for managing interpersonal conflict. For instance，team members worked with more, rather than less, information and debated on the basis of facts.A. They must try to keep constructive conflict over issues from turning into nonfunctional interpersonal conflict.B. Executives Often failed to cooperate. rarely talking with one another, tending to fragment into cliques, and openly displaying their frustration and anger.C. Anxiety and frustration over difficult choices can evolve into anger directed at colleagues.D. Executives in those companies referred to their colleagues as 'smart', 'team player', and 'best In the business'.E. All the teams had to make high-stakes decisions in the face of considerable uncertainty and under pressure to move quickly.F. They managed to disagree over questions of strategic significance and still get along with one another.

填空题The girl is working in the: (1) The room number the girl will rent: (2) The price to be paid is: (3) The girl's phone number is: (4)

填空题A Personnel ManagerB Training ManagerC Junior Finance ManagerD a temporary clerkE Marketing ManagerF Manager of Office SuppliesG Managing DirectorH Finance Director

填空题 · Look at the form below. · You will hear a conversation on the phone. {{B}} Reservation Card{{/B}}To: Dr. GreenFrom: LindaDate: 18th AprilTime: 2:30 p. m.Information of patientName: David (5)______Symptom: something wrong with the (6)______Date of meeting: 15th, (7)______Time for meeting.. (8)______

填空题BSection One/B· You will hear five people talking about different documents.· For each piece decide which document (A—H) the speaker is talking about.· Write one letter (A—H) next to the number of the piece.· Do not use any letter more than once.· You will hear the five pieces twice. A. An itineraryB. A passportC. An agreementD. An application formE. A bookletF. A receiptG. Balance sheetH. A sales pamphlet