Read this note from your boss, Mr. Andrew Peterson. December 11th 2011 Lilian, Our company is working on a staff reduction plan. The Executive Committee is planning to hold a meeting with all managers. We will meet from 1 p.m. to 5 p.m. on Dec. 18th in the executive boardroom, Manson Building. The purpose of the meeting is to discuss the details, like range and procedure, of the plan. All managers are required to attend the meeting, and they are expected to report on their units' financial picture, and also their units' plans and suggestions for staff reduction. Please tell them to submit their materials to me by Dec. 15th. Thank you. Andrew Write a memorandum to the managers: describing the background of the meeting; stating what the meeting is about; asking the managers to prepare the materials. Write 50-60 words.

Look at the questions for this part. You will hear a passage about "Changes in the Rankings of British Universities ". For questions 24-30, indicates which of the alternatives A, B, or C is the most appropriate response. Mark one letter A, B or C on the Answer Sheet Look at the questions for this part. You will hear a passage about "Changes in the Rankings of British Universities ". For questions 24-30, indicates which of the alternatives A, B, or C is the most appropriate response. Mark one letter A, B or C on the Answer Sheet

MESSAGEFor attendants from our【L5】, there will be a【L6】 1% discount on their conference registration fee, which covers lunches, dinners, tea,【L7】 2refreshments and conference materials except【L8】 3and transportation. MESSAGEFor attendants from our【L5】, there will be a【L6】 4% discount on their conference registration fee, which covers lunches, dinners, tea,【L7】 5refreshments and conference materials except【L8】 6and transportation.

You are Barbara Crust, the mother of Roger. You write a letter to invite Alfred, Roger's best friend at school, to come and stay the weekend. Write an invitation letter about 50-60 words.

Read the following article and choose the best word, for each space. For questions 26-45, mark one letter A, B, CorD on your Answer Sheet. Internet Clones Youku isn't the Chinese YouTube and Renren isn't the Chinese Facebook. That realization hasn't【C1】______on investors, who continue to pile into Chinese Internet stocks with【C2】______discrimination. The Chinese Internet story certainly is compelling. With more than 450 million online, the Chinese Web boasts more【C3】______than any other in the world. Brokerage CLSA expects that number to increase to more than 800 million by 2013.【C4】______important, rising incomes and low levels of e-commerce penetration mean online sales and advertising should increase.【C5】______an even faster clip. Mainstays of the sector Baidu and Sina have more than doubled in【C6】______in the past 12 months. Online-video platform Youku【C7】______. nearly doubled since its trading debut in December, 2010. Social-networking site Renren hopes to【C8】______$584 million when it【C9】______on the New York Stock Exchange in May. But not all Internet firms are created equal. Despite a passing similarity to U.S. peers, the Chinese newbies are【C10】______by the comparison. Take Youku, which, according to Internet research firm Analysis,【C11】______for just 20% of China's fragmented online-video space.【C12】______numbers vary, YouTube commands a much larger share of the U.S. online-video market yet it remains unclear【C13】______profitable it is. Renren, meanwhile, started life as a Facebook clone. The user interface looks the same, but in terms of market【C14】______they are different. According to Web analysis firm comScore, in March, Facebook had 153 million active monthly users in the U.S.【C15】______to about 60% of the online population. Renren's 31 million, up from 24 million at the end of 2010, means it has 7% of Chinese Internet users. That means it has【C16】______to expand but doesn't have the lock on the market Facebook【C17】______And it faces tough competition if it tries to expand out of its student niche. Meanwhile, its recent surge in users looks.【C18】______It added seven million monthly active users in the first three months of 2011, the same as total【C19】______in 2009 and 2010 combined. That is tough to explain as Renren is facing stiff competition for users.【C20】______Sina's Weibo microblogging platform. Everyone wants a piece of the Chinese Facebook, but in a competitive sector investors should consider the possibility they are buying a piece of the Chinese Friendster.

Read the following job advertisement in today's Daily Telegraph, You are Ann Jones and write a letter about 120 words of application to apply for the job. So you'd like to be a salesman? A real professional? With CAREER Prospects and Security. You need to have a University Degree and be in the age group 21-30. If you qualify write or telephone for an application form when we can arrange to meet locally and exchange information. Do IT TODAY Tel: 01-629-7656

You will hear five people talking about the short courses they attended. For questions 9-13, choose from the list A-F what each speaker expresses. Use the letters only once. There is one extra letter which you do not need to use.A. I was encouraged by the teachers to continue developing my skill.B. I learnt something about the subject that I hadn't expected.C. I enjoyed the social life more than the course content.D. I intended doing a similar course again.E. I found out something about myself.F. I thought the course was good value for money. You will hear five people talking about the short courses they attended. For questions 9-13, choose from the list A-F what each speaker expresses. Use the letters only once. There is one extra letter which you do not need to use.A. I was encouraged by the teachers to continue developing my skill.B. I learnt something about the subject that I hadn't expected.C. I enjoyed the social life more than the course content.D. I intended doing a similar course again.E. I found out something about myself.F. I thought the course was good value for money.

Read the following magazine article and answer questions 9-18 on the next page. The Burden of Thirst0. AylitoBinayo's feet know the mountain. Even at four in the morning, she can rundown the rocks to the river by starlight alone and climb the steep mountain back up to her village with a container of water on her back. She has made this journey three times a day since she was a small child. So has every other woman in her village of Foro, in the Konso district of south-western Ethiopia in Africa.1. In developed parts of the world, people turn on a tap and out pours abundant, clean water. Yet nearly 900 million people in the world have no access to clean water. Furthermore, 2.5 billion people have no safe way to get rid of human waste. Polluted water and lack of proper hygiene cause disease and kill 3.3 million people around the world annually, most of them children.2. Bringing clean water close to villagers' homes is the key to the problem. Communities where clean water becomes accessible and plentiful are transformed. All the hours previously spent hauling water can be used to cultivate more crops, raise more animals or even start a business. Families spend less time sick or caring for family members who are unwell. Most important, not having to collect water means girls can go to school and get jobs. The need to fetch water for the family, or to take care of younger siblings while their mother goes, usually prevents them ever having this experience.3. But the challenges of bringing water to remote villages like those in Konso are overwhelming. Locating water underground and then reaching it by means of deep wells requires geological expertise and expensive, heavy machines. Abandoned wells and water projects litter the villages of Konso. In similar villages around the developing world, the biggest problem with water schemes is that about half of them break down soon after the groups that built them move on. Sometimes technology is used that can't be repaired locally, or spare parts are available only in the capital.4. Today, a UK-based international non-profit organisation called Water Aid is tackling the job of bringing water to the most remote villages of Konso. Their approach combines technologies proven to last - such as building a sand dam to capture and filter rainwater that would otherwise drain away. But the real innovation is that Water Aid believes technology is only part of the solution. Just as important is involving the local community in designing, building and maintaining new water projects.5. The people of Konso, who grow their crops on terraces they have dug into the sides of mountains, are famous for hard work. In the village of Orbesho, residents even constructed a road themselves so that drilling machinery could come in. Last summer, their pump, installed by the river, was being motorised to push its water to a newly built reservoir on top of a nearby mountain. From there, gravity will carry it down in pipes to villages on the other side of the mountain. Residents of those villages have each given some money to help fund the project. They have made concrete and collected stones for the structures. Now they are digging trenches to lay pipes. If all goes well, AylitoBinayo will have a tap with safe water just a three-minute walk from her front door.Questions 9-13(10 marks) For questions 9-13, choose from the list A~G which best summarizes each part of the article. For each numbered paragraph(1~5), mark one letter(A~G)on the Answer Sheet. Do not mark any letter twice.A. Failure of some projectsB. A possible successC. Anew management styleD. Some relevant statisticsE. A regular trip for some peopleF. Treatment for diseaseG. Water in people's lives

You will hear another five recordings. Five people are talking about project management.For each recording, decide what action each speaker is recommending.Write one letter(A-H)next to the number of the recording.Do not use any letter more than once.After you have listened once, replay the recordings.A defining objectives tightlyB planning the schedule carefullyC ensuring the plans have some flexibilityD handing over some tasks to other team membersE ensuring the team is motivatedF dealing with problems promptlyG arranging regular status meetingsH keeping in constant email contact with teamYou will hear another five recordings. Five people are talking about project management.For each recording, decide what action each speaker is recommending.Write one letter(A-H)next to the number of the recording.Do not use any letter more than once.After you have listened once, replay the recordings.A defining objectives tightlyB planning the schedule carefullyC ensuring the plans have some flexibilityD handing over some tasks to other team membersE ensuring the team is motivatedF dealing with problems promptlyG arranging regular status meetingsH keeping in constant email contact with team

Read the following passage and answer questions 19~25. For questions 19~25, choose the correct answer from A, B, C and D. Mark your answers on the Answer Sheet. It is natural for young people to be critical of their parents at times and to blame them for the most of the misunderstandings between them. They have always complained, more or less justly, that their parents are out of touch with modern way; that they are possessive and dominant; that they don't trust their children to deal with the crisis; that they talk too much about certain problems — and that they have no sense of humor, at least in parent-child relationships. I think it is true that parent often underestimate their teenage children and also forget how they themselves felt when young. Young people often irritate their parent with their choices in clothes and hairstyles, in entertainers and music. This is not their motive. They feel cut off from adult world into which they have not yet been accepted. So they create a culture of society of their own. Then, it turns out that their music and entertainers or vocabulary or clothes or hairstyles irritate their parents. This gives them additional enjoyment. They feel they are superior, at least in a small way, and they are leaders in style and taste. Sometimes you are resistant, and proud because you don't want your parents to approve what you do. If they did approve, it looks as if you are betraying your own age group. But in that cases, you are assuming that you are an underdog: you can't win but at least you can keep your honor. There is a passive way of looking at things. It is natural enough after long years of childhood, when you are completely under your patents' control. But it ignores the face that you are now beginning to be responsible for yourself. If you plan to control your life, cooperation can be part of that plan. You can charm others, especially your parents, into doing things the way you want. You can impress your parents with your sense of responsibility and initiative, so that they will give you the authority to do what you want to do.

You are asked to write a composition in which you give your own opinions on the following topic: Team Spirit Write your article in about 120 words.

- The interlocutor gives you and your partner a list of topics. Both of you need to choose one to discuss together. The interlocutor may join in the conversation and ask you questions, but you and your partner are expected to develop the conversation.Topic 1: Importance of Good Living HabitsTopic 2: Which Makes a Happier Life, Wealth or HealthTopic 3: Advantages of Weeklong HolidaysTopic 4: TV CommercialsTopic 5: Having Pets

You will hear two conversations. Write down one word or number in the numbered spaces on the forms below.CONVERSATION 1(Questions 1-4)The man usually can be gotten in touch at【L1】 1or in【L2】 2.Time for her sister to come back: next【L3】 3.The woman will come to the man's at【L4】 4. You will hear two conversations. Write down one word or number in the numbered spaces on the forms below.CONVERSATION 1(Questions 1-4)The man usually can be gotten in touch at【L1】 5or in【L2】 6.Time for her sister to come back: next【L3】 7.The woman will come to the man's at【L4】 8. 【L1】

Ordering Room ServiceRoom No.: 【L5】 1What for dinner: two fresh Juices, one orange and one【L6】 2, two roast beef sandwiches, one 【L7】 3salad Laundry service: someone to pick up some laundry Payment: together with the【L8】 4bill Time for dinner: in about 10 minutes Ordering Room ServiceRoom No.: 【L5】 5What for dinner: two fresh Juices, one orange and one【L6】 6, two roast beef sandwiches, one 【L7】 7salad Laundry service: someone to pick up some laundry Payment: together with the【L8】 8bill Time for dinner: in about 10 minutes 【L5】

Look at the questions for this part. You will hear a passage about "A Little House in the Big Woods ". You will listen to it twice. For Questions 24-30, indicate which of the alternatives A, B, or C is the most appropriate response. Mark one letter A, B, or C on the Answer Sheet. Look at the questions for this part. You will hear a passage about "A Little House in the Big Woods ". You will listen to it twice. For Questions 24-30, indicate which of the alternatives A, B, or C is the most appropriate response. Mark one letter A, B, or C on the Answer Sheet.

Read the following passage and answer questions 9-18.1. The American baby boom after the war made unconvincing advice to the poor countries that they restrain their birthrates. However, there has hardly been a year since 1957 in which birthrates have not fallen in the United States and other rich countries, and in 1976 the fall was especially sharp. Both East Germany and West Germany have fewer births than they have deaths, and the United States is only temporarily able to avoid this condition because the children of the baby boom are now an exceptionally large group of married couples.2. It is true the American don't typically plan their birth to set an example for developing nations. They are more affected by women's liberation: once women see interesting and well-paid job and careers available, they are less willing to provide free labor for child raising. From costing nothing, children suddenly come to seem impossibly expensive. And to the high cost of children are added the uncertainties introduced by divorce; couples are increasingly unwilling to subject children to the terrible experience of marital breakdown and themselves to the difficulty of raising a child alone.3. These circumstances—women working outside the home and the instability of marriage —tend to spread with industrial society and they will affect more and more countries during the remainder of this century. Along with them goes social mobility, ambition to rise in the urban world, a main factor in bringing down the births in Europe in the nineteenth century.4. Food shortage will happen again when the reserves resulting from the food harvest of 1976 and 1977 have been consumed. Urbanization is likely to continue, with the cities of developing nations struggling under the weight of twice present population by the year 2000.5. The presently rich countries are approaching a stable population largely because of the changed place of women, and they incidentally are setting an example of restraint to the rest of the world. Industrial society will spread to the poor countries, and aspirations will exceed resources. All this will lead to population in the 21st century smaller than was feared years ago. For those anxious to see the population brought under control, the news is encouraging.Questions 9-13 For questions 9~13, choose the best title for each paragraph from below. For each numbered paragraph(1~5), mark one letter(A~G)on the Answer Sheet. Do not mark any letter twice.A. The factors bringing down the birthrate in Europe.B. Women's liberation affects the birthrate.C. Birthrate in US raised after the war.D. Bringing population under control is possible.E. The birthrate in United States is low.F. Food shortage and urbanization brought population under control.G. The reasons that low-birthrate involved.

Read the following passages, eight sentences have been removed from the article. Choose from the sentences A~H the one which fits each gap. For each gap(1-8)mark one letter(A~H)on the Answer Sheet. To understand the nature of the liberal arts college and its function in our society, it is important to understand the difference between education and training. Training is intended primarily for the service of society; education is primarily for the individual. Society needs doctors, lawyers, engineers and teachers to perform specific tasks necessary to its operation, just as it needs carpenters and plumbers and stenographers.【R1】 1And these needs, our training centers — the professional and trade schools — fill. But although education is for the improvement of the individual, it also serves society by providing a leavening of men of understanding, of perception, and wisdom.【R2】 2They serve society by examining its function, appraising its needs, and criticizing its direction. They may be earning their livings by practicing one of the professions, or in pursuing a trade, or by engaging in business enterprise. They may be rich or poor.【R3】 3Without them, however, society either disintegrates or else becomes an anthill. The difference between the two types of study is like the difference between the discipline and exercise in a professional baseball training camp and that of a Y gym. In the one, the recruit is training to become a professional baseball player who will make a living and serve society by playing baseball.【R4】 4The training at the baseball camp is all-relevant. The recruit may spend hours practicing how to slide into second base, not because it is a particularly useful form of calisthenics but because it is relevant to the game.【R5】 5Similarly, the candidate for the pitching staff spends a lot of time throwing a baseball, not because it will improve his physique — it may have quite the opposite effect — but because pitching is to be his principal function on the team. 【R6】 6The intention is to strengthen the body in general, and when the members sit down on the floor with their legs outstretched and practice touching their fingers to their toes, it is not because they hope to become galley slaves, perhaps the only occupation where that particular exercise would be relevant. In general, relevancy is a facet of training rather than of education. What is taught at law school is the present law of the land, not the Napoleonic Code or even the archaic laws that have been scratched from the statute books. And at medical school, too, it is modern medical practice that is taught, that which is relevant to conditions today. 【R7】 7 In the liberal arts college, on the other hand, the student is encouraged to explore new fields and old fields, to wander down the bypaths of knowledge. 【R8】 8A. At the Y gym, exercises have no such relevance.B. There the teaching is concerned with major principles, and its purpose is to change the student, to make him something different from what he was before, just as the purpose of the Y gym is to make a fat man into a thin one, or a strong one out of a weak one.C. And the plumber and the carpenter and the electrician and the mason learn only what is relevant to the practice of their respective trades in this day with tools and materials that are presently available and that conform to the building code.D. Training supplies the immediate and specific needs of society so that the work of the world may continue.E. And in the other, he is training only to improve his own body and musculature.F. The exercise would stop if the rules were changed so that sliding to a base was made illegal.G. They are our intellectual leaders, the critics of our culture, the defenders of our free traditions, the instigators of our progress.H. They may occupy positions of power and prestige, or they may be engaged in some humble employment. 【R1】

Look at the ten statements for this part. You will hear a man talking about "The Wright Brothers ". Decide whether you think each statement is right(R), wrong(W)or not mentioned(NM). Look at the ten statements for this part. You will hear a man talking about "The Wright Brothers ". Decide whether you think each statement is right(R), wrong(W)or not mentioned(NM).

You got a letter from Jim Green, a person working at the marketing department of a company. June 1st, 2010Dear Mr. Will Smith, Congratulations on the opening of your new gallery. We know that every business requires a good bookkeeping system, and have developed complete programs for businesses of all sizes. While some systems are more extensive than others, they all have a mutual goal: to minimize paperwork, conserve time spent on bookkeeping, and provide a simple format for keeping records in good order. I have enclosed our brochure and price list for your review. Upon your request, I will be happy to arrange a convenient time for one of our salesmen to meet with you at your location. Best wishes for your success. Jim Green Please write a reply: thanking him; expressing your interest in the bookkeeping systems; making a request for an appointment. Write 50-60 words.

Read the following article and answer questions 9-18 on the next page. Five Painful Facts You Need to Know0. First of all, let's set the record straight: Pain is normal. About 75 million U.S. residents endure chronic or recurrent pain. So what is pain and why do so many suffer so long? Pain is felt when electrical signals are sent from nerve endings to your brain, which in turn can release painkillers called endorphins and generate reactions that range from instant and physical to long-term and emotional. Beyond that, scientific understanding gets painfully fuzzy. Here's what's known:1. When you're in pain, you know it. But if scientists could fully grasp how pain works and why, they might be able to help you more. The American Academy of Pain Medicine defines pain as "an unpleasant sensation and emotional response to that sensation." Some pain is the result of an obvious injury. Other times, it is caused by damaged nerves that are not so easy to pinpoint. "Pain is complex and defies our ability to establish a clear definition," says Kathryn Weiner, director of the American Academy of Pain Management. "Pain is far more than neural transmission and sensory transduction. Pain is a complex mixture of emotions, culture, experience, spirit and sensation."2. If you have chronic pain, you know how demoralizing and debilitating it can be, physically and mentally. It can prevent you from doing things and make you irritable for reasons nobody else understands. But that's only half the story. People with chronic backaches have brains as much as 11 percent smaller than those of non-sufferers, scientists reported in 2004. They don't know why. "It is possible it's just the stress of having to live with the condition," said study leader A. Vania Apkarian of Northwestern University. "The neurons become overactive or tired of the activity."3. It may not eliminate the phrase "Not tonight, honey ..." but a 2006 study found that migraine sufferers had levels of sexual desire 20 percent higher than those suffering from tension headaches. The finding suggests sexual desire and migraines might be influenced by the same brain chemical, and getting a better handle on the link could lead to better treatments, at least for the pain portion of the equation.4. Any man who has watched a woman having a baby without using drugs would swear that women can tolerate anything. But the truth is, it hurts more than you can imagine. Women have more nerve receptors than men. As an example, women have 34 nerve fibers per square centimeter of facial skin, while men average just 17. And in a 2005 study, women were found to report more pain throughout their lifetimes and, compared to men, they feel pain in more areas of their body and for longer durations.5. Animal research could offer clues to eventually relieve human suffering. Take the naked mole rat, a hairless and nearly blind subterranean creature. A study this year found it feels neither the pain of acid nor the sting of chili peppers. If researchers can figure out why, they might be on the road to new sorts of painkilling therapies for humans. In 2006, scientists found a pathway for the transmission of chronic pain in rats that they hope will translate into better understanding of human chronic pain. Lobsters feel no pain, even when boiled, scientists said in a 2005 report that is just one more salvo in a long-running debate.Questions9-13(10 marks) For questions 9-13, choose from the list A~G which best summarizes each part of the article. For each numbered paragraph(1-5), mark one letter(A~G)on your Answer Sheet. Do not mark any letter twice.A. Women feel more painB. Chronic pain is commonC. Chronic pain shrinks brainsD. Migraines and sex go togetherE. Pain brings about more stressF. Scientists don't understand pain fullyG Animal research may relieve human pain