Look at the ten statements for this part. You will hear a passage about "Inflation ". You will listen to it twice. Decide whether you think each statement is right(R), wrong(W)or not mentioned(NM). Mark your answers on the Answer Sheet. Look at the ten statements for this part. You will hear a passage about "Inflation ". You will listen to it twice. Decide whether you think each statement is right(R), wrong(W)or not mentioned(NM). Mark your answers on the Answer Sheet.

- The interlocutor gives you and your partner a list of topics. Both of you need to choose one to discuss together. The interlocutor may join in the conversation and ask you questions, but you and your partner are expected to develop the conversation.Topic 1: Qualities of a Good Government OfficialTopic 2: Advantages and Disadvantages of Being an Actress or an ActorTopic 3: Good Surroundings Will Influence People's BehaviorTopic 4: Significance of Voluntary ActivitiesTopic 5: Holidays Which Are Popular with Young People

Look at the ten statements for this part. You will hear a story about a jewellery designer. Decide whether each statement is right(R), wrong(W)or not mentioned(NM). Mark your answers on the Answer Sheet. Look at the ten statements for this part. You will hear a story about a jewellery designer. Decide whether each statement is right(R), wrong(W)or not mentioned(NM). Mark your answers on the Answer Sheet.

Using the information in the text, complete each sentence 14-18, with a word or phrase from the list below. For each sentence(14-18), mark one letter(A~G)on the Answer Sheet. Do not mark any letter twice.A. $150B. safeC. agreementsD. drivers who can't drive on because of the flat tireE. a flat tireF. provide a kind of temporary support to the flat tireG. more than $150

Using the information in the text, complete each sentence 14-18, with a word or phrase from the list below. For each sentence(14-18), mark one letter(A~G)on the Answer Sheet. Do not mark any letter twice.A. best preserved in the wordB. completely ForbiddenC. Palace MuseumD. all over the countryE. 961m longF. 8704m longG. unknown

Read the following passage and answer questions 9-18.1. From Dr. R.S. Scorer of Britain's Imperial College of the Science comes the latest theory about the lighting flashes. Dr. Scorer believes the cause is hail failing through super cooled clouds. Ice particles bouncing off the falling hail acquire a positive charge and rise to the top of the cloud while the hail carries a negative charge to the bottom of the cloud.2. According to Dr. Scorer, Benjamin Franklin first proved thunderclouds are charged with electricity. Later investigations showed that the tops of the clouds have a great positive charge and the bottoms have great negative charge.3. When the charges became great enough to break the insulating properties of the air, lighting flashes carry the electricity within the cloud, or from cloud to cloud, or from cloud to earth. But the question remained: How do the charges develop within the cloud.4. To seek the cause, Dr. Scorer and his colleagues at the college first duplicated thundercloud current in a liquid tank. They found the mixture takes place only in the tops of the clouds.5. Next a study of thunderclouds over the North Atlantic showed that the lighting occurs only when the temperature around cloud is below freezing. Particles at the top of the clouds begin to freeze but those in the remainder of the cloud stay unfrozen although below freezing temperature. In the laboratory, S.E. Reynolds whirled a refrigerated rod through ice particles and found that the particles bounced off the rod acquired a positive charge. This was a missing link. Without hail and super cooled clouds, he concluded, there could be no lighting.Questions 9-13 For questions 9-13, choose the best title for each paragraph from below. For each numbered paragraph(1~5), mark one letter(A~G)on the Answer Sheet. Do not mark any letter twice.A. How the lightning flashes come about.B. To measure moisture, scientist did the experiment.C. Two discoveries based on Dr. Scorer's theory.D. Significance of Benjamin Franklin's discovery.E. Experiments were done to find the cause of lightning.F. Dr. Scorer found the cause of lightning flashes.G. The continuing study of lightning flashes.

LookatthestatementsbelowandtheextractontheoppositepagefromareporttostaffbytheDavisGroup,ahumanresourcesconsultancyintheUSA.Whichsection(A,B,CorD)doeseachstatement(1-7)referto?Foreachstatement(1-7),markoneletter(A,B,CorD)onyourAnswerSheet.Youwillneedtousesomeoftheselettersmorethanonce.Example:0Itislessexpensivetomaintainthecurrentcustomerbasethantoincreaseit.ReportforStaffAIthasbeenachallengingyear,withtheglobaleconomycontributingtoincreasedmarketcompetition.However,theendresultswerefairlyrespectable,especiallyconsideringtheindustry'sgenerallypoorfinancialresults.TheDavisGrouphasalwaysfocusedongrowingrevenue,solvingclientproblems,identifyingnewopportunitiesandwinningnewclients.Althoughthecompanyhadtospendmoretimethanusualthisyearoncostcontrol,ourpeoplecontinuedtolistentotheirclientsanddeliverappropriateconsultingsolutions.BAlthoughwehavechangedournameandintroducedanewglobalbrand,manyclientsstilldonotregardusasabroad-basedhumanresourcesconsultancy.Wehopethatournewinternationalcampaign,whichexplainstoclientsthewiderangeofservicesweoffer,willhelpchangethatperception.Itissignificantthat50%ofourrevenuethisyearcamefromoutsidetheUSA,makingusatrulyglobalplayer.Wehaveenormousgrowthpotential,especiallyinemergingmarketssuchasAsiaandLatinAmerica.CThesedays,mostofourclients,eventhosewithoperationsinonlyonecountry,competeinaglobalmarketplace.Asaresult,theyseethevalueofworkingwithus.Ourstrengthonthegroundinmanycountrieshasallowedustoshareknowledgetodevelopanddeliverworld-classsolutions.Forthoseclientswhoareglobalfirms,ourworldwidepresencehasallowedustobuildinternationalnetworkstoaddresstheirspecialneeds.Theyappreciatethatourintellectualcapitalisbasedonadeepunderstandingoflocalneedsandconditions.DWecontinuallyaimtomaximiseourrevenueandenhanceprofessionalismacrossthesolutionsofferedbythefirm.Obviously,winningnewclientsisalwaysimportant,butweshouldrememberthatitisofteneasierandmorecost-effectivetobroadenrelationshipswithexistingclients.Byprovidingawiderrangeofsolutions,weaddvalue,strengthenourclients'viewofusasatrustedadvisorandbuildlong-termpartnerships.Oursuccessisbasedonbeingknownasthemostprofessionalandhighestqualityfirminthehumanresourcesconsultancybusiness.

Read the following statement: Only under official laws or administrative regulations can we defend a stable and reliable examination system. Do you agree or disagree with this statement? Write about 100-120 words.

Read the following article and answer questions 19-25. For questions 19-25, choose the correct answer A, B, C or D. Mark your answer on your Answer Sheet To Tweet or Not to Tweet The economy may be troubled, but one area is thriving: social media. They begin with Facebook and extend through a dizzying array of companies that barely existed five years ago: Twitter, LinkedIn, Groupon, Yammer, Yelp, Flickr, Ning, Digg — and the list goes on. These companies are mostly private but have attracted the ardent attention of Wall Street and investors, with Facebook now worth a purported $75 billion and Groupon valued at close to $25 billion. There can be little doubt than these companies enrich their founders as well as some investors. But do they add anything to overall economic activity? While jobs in social media are growing fast, there were only about 21,000 listings last spring, a tiny fraction of the 150 million-member U.S. workforce. So do social-media tools enhance productivity or help us bridge the wealth divide? Or are they simply social-entertaining and diverting us but a wash when it comes to national economic health? The answers are vital, because billions of dollars in investment capital are being spent on these ventures, and if we are to have a productive future economy, that capital needs to grow the economic pie — and not just among the elite of Silicon Valley and Wall Street. The U.S. retains a competitive advantage because of its ability to innovate, but if that innovation creates services that don't turn into jobs, growth and prosperity, then it does us only marginal good. The problem is that these tools are so new that it is extremely difficult to answer the questions definitively. Flash back nearly 20 years and the same questions were being asked about the first Internet wave. Were Netscape and the Web enhancing our economy, or were people just spending more time at work checking out ESPN.com? Official statistics weren't designed to capture the benefits, and didn't — until statistics mavens at the Federal Reserve, urged on by Alan Greenspan, refined the way they measured productivity. As a result of these somewhat controversial innovations, the late 1990s became a period of substantial technology-driven gains. It is possible that the same gap exists today, that social-media tools are indeed laying the groundwork for new industries and jobs but aren't yet registering on the statistical radar. Many companies believe social media make them more competitive. Ford and Zappos, for instance, use Twitter to market their products and address consumer complaints. Countless corporations have created internal Facebook pages and Yammer accounts for employees to communicate across divisions and regions. Industry groups for engineers, doctors and human-resources professionals have done the same to share new ideas and solutions on a constant basis rather than episodically at conferences. Staffing companies have been especially keen on social media; a senior executive at Manpower told me we should think of social-media tools as today's version of the telephone. One big question is what proportion of that benefit will be captured economically by consumers vs. corporations. Sure, social media allow people to compare prices and quality and assess which companies are good to work for and where jobs might be. They also may enhance education and idea sharing, but the caveat is that the people who use these tools are the ones with higher education and income to spend on technology, not the tens of millions whose position in today's world has eroded so sharply. According to a recent Pew Foundation study, only 45% of adults making less than $30,000 have access to broadband, which is an essential component of using content-rich social media effectively. And that is the rub. Like so many things these days, social media contribute to economic bifurcation. Dynamic companies are benefiting from these tools, even if the gains are tough to nail down in specific figures. Many individuals are benefiting too, using Linkedln to find jobs and Groupon to find deals. Bui for now, the irony is that social media widen the social divide, making it even harder for the have-nots to navigate. They allow those with jobs to do them more effectively and companies that are profiting to profit more. But so far. they have done little to_aid those who are being left behind. They are, in short, business as usual.

You are a regional manager for an international company. You have been asked to go to a meeting at your company's head office. You cannot go, so somebody else will go in your place. Write a letter to Eric Young who is organizing the meeting. Explaining why you cannot go. Saying who will go. Write 50-60 words.

Read the following article and answer questions 19-25. For questions 19-25, choose the correct answer A, B, C or D. Mark your answer on the Answer Sheet. Digging up the past isn't always the exhilarating experience people commonly perceive it to be. Contrary to the popular image, and one partly forwarded in the movie realm, archaeologists are not the swashbuckling adventurers who risk life and limb to uncover the mythical and magical remnants of the past—and save the world in the process. In reality, archaeological work is a time consuming task and the process of unearthing a site slow and often tedious. Conditions on an excavation site are far from ideal. Exposed to the elements for long hours, drenched in the rain, steeped in the mud, or scorched by the sun and choking on dust, archaeologists patiently sift through the sands of time for evidence of civilizations gone by. While the excavations themselves don't always produce earth-shattering results or draw the widespread attention they so justly deserve, rare discoveries automatically become part of history. But, from time to time, less momentous finds yield unexpected surprises. A recent archeological find at a site in Essex of what appears to be a Celtic surgeon's toolkit — including scalpels, retractors and probes - was pretty exciting, even compared to many "major finds" heralded in the media over the years. This one was particularly significant, demonstrating a stronger link to our past than people might think. Far from the perception of Celts as creative but warlike people, the find Shows there were keen scientific minds at work and emphasises how much modem society has in common with them. Finds like this are extremely rare but encourage the idea that when we dig we are looking for something in particular. Visitors to excavation sites are often disappointed when we haven't found anything "exciting" — they don't realize that many of us will never come across such a find in an entire lifetime of digging. My own "treasure" count in eleven years of digging is one small Roman gold earring found by someone else on a site where I was working. What we're actually digging for is to record the whole sequence of human activity on a site. This involves methodical recording of hundreds of layers of soil and remains of buildings long disused and buried under the debris of later occupation. It's the sequence of events which is significant here, and not any single episode. Many people are also unaware that modem professional archaeology is highly competitive and very much part of the construction industry, as well as being an academic discipline. When land is to be developed, the local government archeological officer will undertake or commission an assessment of the site to decide whether the proposed development threatens to destroy any archaeological remains. If it does, they will compile a specification for excavation work to be done to recover as much information as possible about the site. Then, archaeological units operating in a given area will tender for work on the basis of these specs. As the organisation developing the site must foot the bill for this work, they usually go for the lowest tender rather than the quality and experience of the units involved. The legislation and guidelines which protect what is termed the "archaeological resource" emphasise protecting archaeology in the ground—using appropriately designed foundations, for example, or only digging if there's no other option. While this would seem good for archaeology, the decreasing numbers of sites available for excavation will be more keenly fought over, and with units cutting costs wherever possible it seems unavoidable that the quality of their work will suffer. The life of the Celtic surgeon is significant in its own right, but placed within the context of his culture, our understanding of both the individual and the culture is enhanced. It is this wider understanding that could be jeopardised by the loss of the more mundane and less spectacular archaeological sites.

Look at the following statement: Being creative is the key to career success. Do you agree or disagree with this statement? Write an essay in 100-120 words in an appropriate style.

You will hear another five recordings. Five people are giving their opinion about the annual performance review process in their companies. For each recording, decide what the speaker thought about the performance review process. Write one letter(A-H)next to the number of the recording. Do not use any letter more than once. After you have listened once, replay the recording.A It was useful for increasing output.B It helped me to make a difficult decision.C I used it to improve my career prospects.D It increased my confidence.E It was an opportunity to speak my mind.F It was effective because it was short.G I used it to collect valuable data for future use.H It was a chance to exchange ideas. You will hear another five recordings. Five people are giving their opinion about the annual performance review process in their companies. For each recording, decide what the speaker thought about the performance review process. Write one letter(A-H)next to the number of the recording. Do not use any letter more than once. After you have listened once, replay the recording.A It was useful for increasing output.B It helped me to make a difficult decision.C I used it to improve my career prospects.D It increased my confidence.E It was an opportunity to speak my mind.F It was effective because it was short.G I used it to collect valuable data for future use.H It was a chance to exchange ideas.

Read the following passage and answer questions 9-18.1. Most young people enjoy some forms of physical activity. It may be walking, cycling or swimming, or in winter, skating or skiing. It may be a game of some kind football, golf, or tennis. It may be mountaineering.2. Those who have a passion for climbing high difficult mountains are often looked upon with astonishment. Why are men and women willing to suffer cold and hardship, and to take risks on high mountains? This astonishment is caused probably by the difference between mountaineers and other forms of activity to which men give their leisure.3. Mountaineering is a sport and not a game. There are no man-made rules, as there are for such games as golf and football. There are, of course, rules of a different kind which would be dangerous to ignore, but it is this freedom from man-made rules that makes mountaineering attractive to many people. Those who climb mountains are free to use their own methods.4. If we compare mountaineering with other more familiar sports, we might think that one big difference is that mountaineering is not a "team game". We should be mistaken in this. There are, it is true, no "matches" between "team" of climbers, but when climbers on rock face linked by a rope on which their lives may depend, there is obviously teamwork.5. The mountain climber knows that he may have fight forces that are stronger and more powerful than man. He has to fight to against the forces of nature. His sport requires high mental and physical qualities. A mountain climber continues to improve in skill year after year. A skier is probably past his best by the age of thirty, and most international tennis champions are in their early twenties. But it is not unusual for a man of fifty or sixty to climb the highest mountains in the Alps. They may take more time than young man, but they probably climb with more skill and less waste of effort, and they certainly experience equal enjoyment.Questions 9-13 For questions 9-13, choose the best title for each paragraph from below. For each numbered paragraph(1-5), mark one letter(A~G)on the Answer Sheet. Do not mark any letter twice.A. Mountaineering is different from golf and football.B. Mountaineering is treated as a team sport.C. The requirements needed for climbers.D. Many young people enjoy some forms of physical activity.E. A mountain climber's skill is not limited by his age.F. The reason why people enjoy climbing mountains.G. Mountaineering is a sport rather than a game.

Using the information in the text, complete each sentence 14-18 with an expression from the list below. For each sentence(14-18), mark one letter(A~G)on your Answer Sheet. Do not mark any letter twice.A. the candidates of this electionB. the wealthyC. the financial deficitD. a system of sustainable securityE. the progressivesF. today's social security systemG. the ups and downs of the market

You will hear another five recordings. Five people are talking about their reasons for joining a particular company. For each recording, decide why the speaker chose to join the company. Write one letter(A-H)next to the number of the recording. Do not use any letter more than once. After you have listened once, replay the recordings.A It was close to home.B The interview process was friendly.C The workload was not too demanding.D There was a wide variety of work on offer.E The financial benefits were attractive.F The management approach was dynamic.G There were relevant training opportunities.H The promotion prospects were good. You will hear another five recordings. Five people are talking about their reasons for joining a particular company. For each recording, decide why the speaker chose to join the company. Write one letter(A-H)next to the number of the recording. Do not use any letter more than once. After you have listened once, replay the recordings.A It was close to home.B The interview process was friendly.C The workload was not too demanding.D There was a wide variety of work on offer.E The financial benefits were attractive.F The management approach was dynamic.G There were relevant training opportunities.H The promotion prospects were good.

Look at the ten statements for this part. You will hear a passage about "The Number of Genes ". You will listen to it twice. Decide whether you think each statement is right(R), wrong(W)or not mentioned(NM). Mark your answers on the Answer Sheet. Look at the ten statements for this part. You will hear a passage about "The Number of Genes ". You will listen to it twice. Decide whether you think each statement is right(R), wrong(W)or not mentioned(NM). Mark your answers on the Answer Sheet.

You will hear five short recordings. Five people are explaining why they rejected a candidate for a job. For each recording, decide why the speaker rejected the candidate. Write one letter(A-H)next to the number of the recording. Do not use any letter more than once. After you have listened once, replay the recording.A lack of relevant experienceB poor leadership skillsC lack of motivationD lack of long-term commitmentE too independentF lack of formal qualificationsG poor communication skillsH poor references You will hear five short recordings. Five people are explaining why they rejected a candidate for a job. For each recording, decide why the speaker rejected the candidate. Write one letter(A-H)next to the number of the recording. Do not use any letter more than once. After you have listened once, replay the recording.A lack of relevant experienceB poor leadership skillsC lack of motivationD lack of long-term commitmentE too independentF lack of formal qualificationsG poor communication skillsH poor references

Read the following article and answer questions 19-25. For questions 19-25, choose the correct answer A, B, C or D. Mark your answer on your Answer Sheet. A Real Cliffhanger The digital onslaught of e-books and Amazon-style e-tailers have put bookstores in an existential predicament. Digital books are expected to outsell print titles by 2015 in Britain, says Sam Hancock, digital product manager at HarperCollins, and even sooner in America, With the demise of HMV, that music-peddling stalwart, still fresh in everyone's minds, bricks-and-mortar bookstores appear to be on borrowed time. So, what is the future of the bookstore? This was the burning questions on everyone's lips at a recent event at Foyles's flagship bookshop on Charing Cross Road in London, where some of Britain's leading literary agents, authors, marketing managers and booksellers gathered to discuss its fate ahead of the bookseller's move from its current rambling premises to the former home of Central Saint Martin's art school just up the road For a bookstore to remain successful, it must improve "the experience of buying books," says Alex Lifschutz, an architect whose London-based practice is designing the new Foyles. He suggests an array of approaches: "small, quiet spaces cocooned with books; larger spaces where one can dwell and read; other larger but still intimate spaces where one can hear talks from authors about books, literature, science, travel and cookery." The atmosphere is vital, he adds. Exteriors must buzz with activity, entrances must be full of eye-catching presentations and a bar and cafe is essential. The trend for not only incorporating cafes in bookstores but also placing them on the top floor makes good sense. The new Foyles will have one, Mr.' Lifschutz explains, because this draws shoppers upwards floor-by-floor, which is bound to encourage people to linger longer and spend more. There are plenty of ways to delight the bookstore customer, but few are easily monetized. The consensus is that bookstores need to become cultural destinations where people are prepared to pay good money to hear a concert, see a film or attend a talk. The programming will have to be intelligent and the space comfortable. Given how common it is for shoppers to browse in shops only to buy online later, some wonder whether it makes sense to charge people for the privilege. Victoria Barnsley, head of HarperCollins, thinks it might be a good idea. She cited similar experiments among clothing retailers to charge customers for trying on merchandise. But forcing people to pay for the privilege of potentially paying for goods could deter shoppers altogether. A more attractive idea might be a membership scheme like those offered by museums and other cultural venues. Unlike reward cards, which offer discounts and other nominal benefits, a club membership could provide priority access to events(talks, literary workshops, retreats)and a private lounge where members can eat, drink and meet authors before events. Different memberships could tailor to the needs of children and students. To survive and thrive, bookstores should celebrate the book in all its forms: rare, second-hand, digital, self-printed and so on. Digital and hybrid readers should have the option of buying e-books in-store, and budding authors should have access to self-printing book machines. The latter have been slower to take off in Britain, but in America bookstores are finding them to be an important source of revenue. "The quality is now almost identical to that of a book printed by a major publishing house," says Bradley Graham, owner of a leading independent bookstore in Washington, DC, called Politics Prose. His shop leases an Espresso Book Machine and makes it available to customers. The bookstore of the future will have to work hard. Service will be knowledgeable and personalized, the inventory expertly selected, spaces well-designed and the cultural events enticing. Whether bookstores, especially small independents are up to the challenge, is not clear. The fate of these stores is a cliffhanger.

Look at the questions for this part. You will hear a passage about "WTO ". You will listen to it twice. For Questions 24-30, indicate which of the alternatives A, B, or C is the most appropriateresponse. Mark one letter A, B, or C on the Answer Sheet. Look at the questions for this part. You will hear a passage about "WTO ". You will listen to it twice. For Questions 24-30, indicate which of the alternatives A, B, or C is the most appropriateresponse. Mark one letter A, B, or C on the Answer Sheet.