填空题Turn the handle ______ to open the door.

填空题{{B}}PART ONE{{/B}} · Look at the statements below and the following news reports. · Which country does each statement (1-7) describe? · For each statement (1-7), mark one letter (A, B, C or D) on your Answer Sheet. · You will need to use some of these letters more than once. {{B}}A{{/B}}Salinas outlines the key qualities of good management in this autobiography. He believes that decisions should be based on facts, not opinions; that people's strengths should be exploited; and that disagreement is sometimes necessary. But the main point he makes is that leadership means performing well at all times and setting a good example.{{B}}B{{/B}}In this collection of essays, top business leaders predict how businesses will change over the next few years. They analyse changes in business and society and their effects on job markets, as well as taking a look at possible strengths and weaknesses of leading economics and their currencies, This collection outlines a vision of tomorrow's business world and the type of leaders that will be required.{{B}}C{{/B}}This book is a well-researched study of the problem of leadership in global quoted companies. 160 international business leaders were asked how they added value to their companies and their answers form the main part of this book. Both managers and companies are analysed in order to show how they cope with difficult issues. A useful book for all senior managers.{{B}}D{{/B}}100 well-known US business leaders through this century are described in this book, which analyses how their fortunes were made and sometimes lost. The background, business career character and personal life of each individual are outlined, creating an impressive collection of biographies and an excellent reference work.

填空题The Securities ExchangeWhen people buy stock, most do so through one of the securities exchanges or marketplaces for stocks and bonds. These marketplaces are commonly called "stock exchanges" and they provide a meeting place for both the buyer and seller. To understand why such securities or stock exchanges are important in the purchase and sale of stocks and bonds, consider what would happen if you, and everyone who wanted do buy (or sell) securities, had to find your own buyer (or seller). If the market is going down the only way to recover your investment is to hang on to the stock and wait for it to come back. More importantly, how would you find out who is interested in selling that stock to you (or buying it from you)? In order to handle this marketing problem, securities exchanges sprung up. These exchanges are nothing more than locations where stocks are bought and sold. And since there is a common meeting place for there (or send their representatives). The result is a very systematic market process, where transations are handled in an orderly manner and the operations are both supervised and regulated by law. (8) Buying and Selling SecuritiesThe general approach in buying and selling securities, regardless of the exchange where they are purchased, is basically the same, We provide a general picture of how security transactions take place; and for a fuller understanding, we will discuss some of the important terminology and functions of security trading. (9) How would you go about buying stock in a major corporation? It's really quite simple. First, you would decide what you want to buy—such as 100 shares of IBM. (10) Assuming your broker works for a major stock brokerage, the order would be telephoned directly to a company clerk on the floor of the New York Stock Exchange. The clerk would hand the order to a member of the Exchange who is a partner in the brokerage. This individual would then go to the appropriate locale on the trading floor and ask for the latest quote on IBM. Let us say it is "70 to a quarter." (11) If your broker wants, a sale can be struck at ＄ 70.25 since the order calls for a purchase at the current market price. More likely, however, your broker will bid ＄ 70.125 and hope to save you one eighth of a point or ＄ 12.50. And it is likely that another broker with an order to sell will show up and accept the bid of ＄ 70 1/8. The two brokers will then initial each other's sales orders and see that the transaction is relayed to the exchange employee known as the reporter. The reporter sees that the sale is reported and a few minutes later it will come out on the ticker tape.Bulls and BearsWhat does "a bull" mean? It is a term that is used to refer to an invester who expects prices to rise. (12) Of course, the market will not always rise. Sometimes stocks drop and remain low for extended periods of time. Those investors who expect stock prices to decline are known as "bears." During the Great Depression, the bears made a great deal of money. While the bulls were "buying long" the bears were "selling short."A How would you know what a fair price for the security is?B This means that someone is currently bidding "＄ 70 for the stock and another party is willing to sell at ＄ 70.25."C How stocks are actually purchasedD "Bulls" buy in anticipation of the market going up.E In this way, the buyer (or seller) is ensured that the best price is secured and they are not shortchanged or cheated in any way.F Then you would place a call to your stockbroker, who would enter an order to buy the 100 shares at the current market price.G If the market is going down the only way to recover your investment is to hang on to the stock and wait for it to come back.

填空题 · Read the article below about the financial risks. · Choose the best sentence from the list A-G to fill each of the gaps. · For each gap (8-12), mark one letter (A-G) on your Answer Sheet. · Do not use any letter more than once. Several types of financial risks are encountered in international marketing. The major problems include commercial, political and foreign exchange risks. Commercial risks are handled essentially as normal credit risks encountered in everyday business. They include solvency, default, or refusal to pay bills. The major risk,{{U}} (8) {{/U}}which can only be dealt with through consistently effective management and marketing. One unique risk encountered by the international marketer involves financial adjustments. Such risk is encountered when a controversy arises about the quality of goods delivered, a dispute over contract terms, or{{U}} (9) {{/U}}One company, for example, shipped several hundred tons of dehydrated potatoes to a distributor in Germany. The distributor tested the shipment and declared it to be below acceptable taste and texture standards. The alternatives for the exporter were reducing the price, reselling the potatoes, or shipping them home again, each involving considerable cost. Political risk relates to the problems of war or revolution, currency inconvertibility, expropriation or expulsion, and restriction or cancellation of import licenses. Political risk is an environmental concern for all businesses. Management information systems and effective decision-making processes are the best defenses against political risks. As many companies have discovered sometimes there is no way to avoid political risk,{{U}} (10) {{/U}}. Exchange-rate fluctuations inevitably cause problems, but for many years, most firms could take protective action to minimize their unfavourable effects. Floating exchange rates of the world's major currencies have forced all marketers{{U}} (11) {{/U}}. International Business Machine Corporation, for example, reported that exchange losses resulted in a dramatic 21.6 percent drop in their earnings in the third quarter of 1981.{{U}} (12) {{/U}}devaluations of major currencies were infrequent and usually could be anticipated, but exchange rate fluctuations in the float system are daily affairs. A．Before rates were permitted to float B．commercial, political and foreign exchange risks. C．so marketers must be prepared to assume them or give up doing business in a particular market D．Corporation can take some measure to avoid financial risks. E．however, is competition F．any other disagreement over which payment is withheld G．to be especially aware of exchange-rate fluctuations and the need to compensate for them in their financial planning

填空题A. The difference between being a manager and being a leader is simple. Management is a career. Leadership is a calling. You don't have to be tall, well-spoken and good looking to be a successful leader. You don't have to have that "special something" to fulfill the leadership role. B. What you have to have is clearly defined convictions—and, more importantly, the courage of your convictions to see them manifest into reality. Only when you understand your role as guide and steward based on your own most deeply held truths can you move from manager to leader. C. Whether the group you oversee is called employees, associates, co-workers, teammates or anything else, what they are looking for is someone in whom they can place their trust. Someone they know is working for the greater good—for them and for the organization. They're looking for someone not only that they can—but alse that they want to—follow. D. Because it is only when you have followers—people who have placed their trust in you—that you know you have moved into that leadership role. And the way you see is that your organization is transcending all previous quality, productivity, innovation and revenue achievements. You're operating at such a high level of efficiency that you're giving budget back to the corporation— and you're still beating your goals.

填空题Know your market, and know your marketability. Always keep a minimum salary requirement in the mind. With a little research, you can determine a realistic and 34．satisfactory salary. Decide what you need, want, and can survive on before you 35．walk into for an interview. Wait for an offer—don't just announce your minimum 36．to the interviewer. And never respond too immediately—take time to think things 37．over. If you feel the package is unsatisfactory, figure out what you would make 38．the package more palatable. Don't just wait to see what the employer has to offer. 39．Get your offer in the writing. This includes the salary you agree upon, details on 40．potential increases, and any unusual terms regarding to your benefits or vacation 41．time. For example, if you need immediate leave before you've accrued vacation 42．time, or the company agrees to pay to your entire health-care premium, you'll 43．have something to show before HR if a problem comes up. If you accept the job, 44．send a letter while confirming your mutual agreement on the offer and keep a 45．copy for your records. If you're dissatisfied with the salary package but are not willing to take the job nonetheless, ask for a performance review in three or six months, and get it in writing.

填空题{{B}}PART FOUR{{/B}}{{B}}· Read the text below about the start of a new business.· Choose the best word to fill each gap, from A, B, C or D on the opposite page.· For each question 19-33, mark one letter (A, B, C or D) on your Answer Sheet.{{/B}} In 1998, 25-year old John Stewart was found redundant. He was left with a compensation{{U}} (19) {{/U}}of ￡5,000 and a determination to be his own{{U}} (20) {{/U}}As a supporter of his local football club, he had often helped them by maintaining and repairing their seating. He now{{U}} (21) {{/U}}to set up his own company and make a{{U}} (22) {{/U}}out of his hobby.His first{{U}} (23) {{/U}}was to get 1,000 brochures printed,{{U}} (24) {{/U}}the two main services which he could{{U}} (25) {{/U}}repair and maintenance. He sent these brochures to amateur and professional football clubs, and other similar{{U}} (26) {{/U}}such as hockey clubs.The week after completing the mailing was the worst of his life. He had no responses at all. Then a letter arrived from Scotland inviting him to give a{{U}} (27) {{/U}}for a pre-season check of a football club's seating. He arrived in Scotland in three hours; by the end of the afternoon he had signed the{{U}} (28) {{/U}}to do the work. For￡500 the club had its seating made good, and on arriving home three days later, John worked{{U}} (29) {{/U}}that he had made a ￡250{{U}} (30) {{/U}}The next four weeks were extremely busy, as club after club{{U}} (31) {{/U}}John to work for them. He priced each job in the same way as the first, working out all the direct{{U}} (32) {{/U}}then adding 100%. Money started to flow in and John bought a van and rented a factory unit on an industrial estate near his house.Then in late August the phones stopped{{U}} (33) {{/U}}as the pre-season work dried up. John realised that he needed longer-term work and decided to move into the manufacture of seating for new sports stadiums and the replacement market.

填空题 backlog bill of exchange bill of lading bulky cash on delivery cash with order crates deadline grade hold-up inventory (US)/stock (GB) margin point of sale premium retail special delivery surcharge tender triplicate value added tax volume wholesale

填空题Branding through Differentiation It's not enough for your company to merely offer a great product or service. To get ahead of the field, today's competitive marketplace demands that the business owners 34 establish and develop a distinct brand. It's important that your brand help them create 35 and further a clear identity, if one that every employee, from the CEO down to the 36 sales team, can understand and get behind with. The brand must be your mantra, and it 37 needs to be the one that can be stated succinctly. The real key to increased 38 market share is differentiation. How you approach the differentiation depends on your 39 particular product or business. The critical starting point is for understanding whether 40 your business or your product is the brand. For instance, although Procter & Gamble 41 sells countless other products, but consumers far more readily recognize P&G's 42 individual product lines. Mr. Clean, Tide, Crest, Folgers, and Charmin, for example. 43 That's intentional branding that favors the product, not only the company. However, for 44 most of small businesses, the business itself will be the brand. How you proceed depends 45 on whether your company or product varies greatly from your competitors or whether you're one of several companies offering similar goods or services.

填空题My research is an in-depth study of 39 people who changed them or were in the process of trying to change careers. Determining the magnitude of any.34 work transition is very highly subjective. Who, apart from the person who has35 lived life through it, can say whether a shift is radical or incremental? After36 interviewing the dozens of people who were making very different kinds of37 career moves, I settled on a three-part definition of career change. Some of38 the people in my study made significant changes in the context where in39 which they worked, most typically were jumping from large, established firms40 to small, entrepreneurial organizations or to self-employment or between the41 for-profit and nonprofit sectors. Others made major changes in the content of42 the work, sometimes leaving behind occupations, such as medicine, law or43 academia, that they had trained for themselves extensively. The majority made44 significant changes in either both what they did and where they did it, but45 most important, all had experienced a feeling of having reached a crossroad, one that would require psychological change.

填空题{{B}}Section One{{/B}}· You will hear five people selling products.· For each recording, decide what the speaker is selling.· Write one letter (A-H) next to the number of the reconding.· Do not use any letter more than once.· You will hear the five recordings twice. A drug for external useB mobile phoneC skin care productsD computerE carF glovesG baby cerealsH camera

填空题·Look at the note below.·You will hear a woman calling about house renting. {{B}}Phone Message Pad{{/B}}Hiring RegistrationDate: 5th Jan. Time: 9:30Name of the customer : Mary (5) ______Contact No: (6) ______Service Details :1. An apartment near (7) ______ street, with an air-conditioner and heating system2. Rent: on more than (8) ______ a month, including water and gas.3. Renting Period: about 1.5 years from February.

填空题tastes. Potato chips are an American invention, but most Chinese, for such instance, do not know that Frito-Lay is an American company. Instead, Riskey, the company's research and development head, would hope they associate the brand with the new world of global communications and business.

填空题When an organization doesn't work right, executives are often quick to blame for "people problems". But that's wrongheaded, If an organization is not suited34 to the skills and attitudes of its members, the problem lies in with the design,35 not the people. For this test, first look at your key players -- the members of the36 top management team and other individuals are deemed critical to the business.37 For each, ask them whether the design provides the appropriate responsibilities38 and reporting relationships and wins their commitment. If so, for example, your39 CEO is a marketing type one and the design focuses her attention on40 performance management, you have got a problem. Now look at the pivotal41 jobs in the design -- the position that will need to be staffed by highly talented42 people even if the organization is to work well. Typically, these will include the43 heads of all key business units and the managers of all functions who involved44 in critical cross-unit relationships . Do you have the career paths ready and 45 development initiatives needed to create it and retain new talent for tomorrow? Do you have outstanding people to staff these jobs today?

填空题·Read the article about corporation merger.·Choose the best sentence to fill each of the blanks.·For each blank 8—12 mark one letter (A—G) on your Answer Sheet.·Do not use any letter more than once.·There is an example at the beginning {{B}}Corporation Merger{{/B}}The most common kind of consolidation today is the merger. A merger occurs when two or more companies get together to from one companyWith the deregulation of natural gas, the nation's 20 interstate pipeline companies became fearful of cutthroat competition. Some felt that they could increase their efficiency and improve their market flexibility by merging. In 1985 Internorth of Omaha paid $ 2, 3 billion for Houston Natural Gas Corporation, {{U}}(8) {{/U}}. The system connected markets from coast to coast and raised sales to $10 billion.On occasion, mergers have occurred between smaller companies in an industry dominated by a few giant firms. These smaller companies claim that{{U}} (9) {{/U}}. They maintain that such action increases competition instead of reducing it. The Antitrust Division of the Justice Department has not always agreed with them. Four major waves of mergers have taken place in this country. The first started in 1887, just prior to the pas sage of the Sherman Antitrust Act, and ended in 1904. It involved such giants as United States Steel and Standard Oil trying to create monopolies in their industries. From the end of World War I until the 1930s, large firms swallowed smaller firms to create oligopolies. The monopoly has no chance and the oligopoly little chance of succeeding today under present antitrust policy.The third major merger movement began in the 1960s, reached a peak in 1969, {{U}}(10) {{/U}}. Many of the acquisitions involved giant firms in one industry buying up large companies in totally unrelated industries. Such mergers are called conglomerate mergers. A classic example is Mobil Oil Corporation's purchase of the huge retail chain Montgomery Ward & Company.Mergers in the last ten years were in the thousands. More important is the value of the transactions, which has risen sharply. The number of mergers and acquisitions apply{{U}} (11) {{/U}}. The petroleum industry had mergers and acquisitions valued at closed to $80 billion between 1981 and 1984. Other industries{{U}} (12) {{/U}}were banking and finance, insurance, mining and mineral, and processed foods.A thereby gaining control of the world's longest PipelineB and then gradually declinedC experiencing large takeoversD resulting in combinations of small firmsE only to those valued at $100 million or moreF when two or more companies get together to form one companyG they need to merge to become more efficient and effective

填空题·Look at the note below. ·You will hear a dialogue between a man and a woman in the airport. {{B}} Ticket Booking Card{{/B}} Name: {{U}}(9) {{/U}} Sex: male Nationality: {{U}}(10) {{/U}} Flight No: Flight {{U}}(11) {{/U}} Destination: {{U}}(12) {{/U}}

填空题Message To: Tom Song From: Robert (5) (Planning Dept) Message: Friday's meeting with him and (6) changed to (7) at 11 am. Please bring (8) for the new production units.

填空题· Read the article below about knowledge management.· Choose the best sentence from the opposite page to fill each of the gaps.· For each gap 8-12, mark one letter (A-G) on your Answer Sheet.· Do not use any letter more than once. {{B}}Knowledge as a Strategic Resource{{/B}} While having unique access to valuable resources is one way to create competitive advantage, in some cases either this may not be possible or competitor?, may imitate or develop substitutes for those resources. Companies having superior knowledge, however, are able to coordinate and combine their traditional resources and capabilities in new and distinctive ways, providing more value for their customers than can their competitors. That is, by having superior intellectual resources, an organization can understand how to exploit and develop their traditional resources better than competitors, even if some or all of those traditional resources are not unique. Therefore, knowledge can be considered the most important strategic resource, and the ability to acquire, integrate, store, .share and apply it is the most important capability for building and sustaining competitive advantage. {{U}}(8) {{/U}} What is it about knowledge that makes the advantage sustainable? {{U}}(9) {{/U}} Unlike many traditional resources, it is not easily purchased in the marketplace in a ready-to-use form. To acquire similar knowledge, competitors have to engage in similar experience. However, acquiring knowledge through experience takes time, and cempetitors are limited in how much they can accelerate their learning merely through greater investment. {{U}} (10) {{/U}} Learning opportunities for an organization that already has a. knowledge advantage may be more valuable than for competitors having similar learning opportunities but starting off knowing less. For example, Big6 invested heavily in capturing and sharing knowledge about key engagements across the firm so that it could sustain its areas of advantage by always building on its latest knowledge, rather than "reinventing the wheel" while giving its competitors a chance to catch up. Sustainability may also come from an organization already knowing something that uniquely complements newly acquired knowledge, which provides an opportunity for knowledge synergy not available to its competitors. {{U}}(11) {{/U}} Organizations should therefore seek areas of learning and experimentation that can potentially add value to their existing knowledge via synergistic combination. Sustainability of a knowledge advantage, then, comes from knowing more about some things than competitor combined with the time constraints faced by competitors in acquiring similar knowledge, regardless of how much they invest to catch up. {{U}}(12) {{/U}} The mere it is used, the more valuable it becomes, creating a self-reinforcing cycle. If an organization can identify areas where its knowledge leads the competition, and if that unique knowledge can be applied profitably in the marketplace, it can represent a powerful and sustainable competitive advantage.A New knowledge is integrated with existing knowledge to develop unique insights and create even more valuable knowledge.B The broadest value proposition, then, for engaging in knowledge management is that it can enhance the organization's fundamental ability to compete.C Unlike traditional physical goods that are consumed as they are used (providing decreasing returns over time), knowledge provides increasing returns as it is used.D Knowledge-based competitive advantage is also sustainable because the more a firm already knows, the more it can learn.E Companies having superior knowledge, however, are able to coordinate and combine their traditional resources and capabilities in new and distinctive ways, providing more value for their customers than can their competitors.F As a competitive advantage, knowledge may generate more value for the company if it is appropriately used.G Knowledge -- especially context-specific, tacit knowledge embedded in complex organizational routines and developed from experience-tends to be unique, and difficult to imitate.

填空题Considerable profits will be achieved in food industry because of advertisements on soy products.