填空题a modern, innovative world in which people are linked across cultures by shared beliefs and

填空题·Read the article about supermarket.·Choose the best sentence to fill each of the gaps.·For each gap 8—12, mark one letter (A—G) on your Answer Sheet.·Do not use any letter more than once.·There is an example at the beginning. {{B}}Supermarket{{/B}}Supermarket is a type of retailing institution that has a moderately broad product assortment spanning groceries and some nonfood lines, that ordinarily emphasizes price in either an offensive or defensive way. As a method, supermarket retailing features several related product lines, a high degree of self-service, largely centralized checkout, and competitive prices. The supermarket approach to retailing is used to sell various kinds of merchandise, {{U}}(8) {{/U}}.The term supermarket usually refers to an institution in the grocery retailing field. Most supermarkets emphasize price. Some use price offensively by featuring low prices in order to attract customers. Other supermarkets use price more defensively by relying on leader pricing to avoid a price disadvantage. Since supermarkets typically have very thin gross margins, they need high levels of inventory turnover to achieve satisfactory returns on invested capital.Supermarkets originated in-the early 1930s. They were established by independents{{U}} (9) {{/U}}. Supermarkets were an immediate success, and the innovation was soon adopted by chain stores. In recent decades supermarkets have added various nonfood lines to provide customers with one-stop shopping convenience and to improve overall gross margins.Today stores using the supermarket method of retailing are dominant in grocery retailing. However, different names are used to distinguish these institutions{{U}} (10) {{/U}}.A superstore is a larger version of the supermarket. It offers more grocery and nonfood items{{U}} (11) {{/U}}. Many supermarket chains are emphasizing superstores in their new construction.Combination stores are usually even larger than superstore. They, too, offer more groceries and nonfoods than a supermarket but also most product lines found in a large drugstore. Some combination stores are joint ventures between supermarkets and drug chains such as Kroger and Sav-on.For many years the supermarket has been under attack from numerous competitors. For example, a grocery shopper can choose among not only many brands of supermarkets but also various types of institutions (ware house stores, gourmet shops, meat and fish markets, and convenience stores). Supermarkets have reacted to competitive pressures{{U}} (12) {{/U}}: Some cut costs and stressed low prices by offering more private brands and generic products and few customer services. Others expanded their store size and assortments by adding more nonfood lines (especially products found in drugstores), groceries attuned to a particular market area (foods that appeal to a specific ethnic group, for example), and various service departments (including video rentals, restaurants, delicatessens, financial institutions, and pharmacies).A including building materials, office products, and, of course, groceriesB attracting more customers with their low pricesC primarily in either of two waysD to compete with grocery chainsE a type of retailing institutionF by size and assortmentG than a conventional supermarket does

填空题Tips for Attending a Trade Fair A trade fair is an excellent way of generating new business for companies both large and small, and offers many advantages, such as obtaining sales leads, competitor intelligence, and learning more about industry development and trends. A trade fair should be seen as an integral element of an overall sales and marketing campaign. Companies that fail to plan their participation carefully could find exhibiting costly and unproductive A number of fundamental decisions should be taken in advance.·A standing manager should be appointed from the start.·If a new product launch is planned, for example, a good-sized demonstration area is needed with facilities for taking and following up leads.·Forward planning of budgets is essential. (8) A trade fair is an ideal and highly effective platform for new product launches. (9) Make sure that you plan to use your exhibition as a focus for presenting something new either about your products/services or your company and ensure that you publicise any newsworthy information to maximize interests. Trade journals are keen to publicize new products and services, and often compile special preview issues prior to an exhibition. (10) (11) The guides produced by some exhibitions offer detailed information on all promotional opportunities around the show. Michael Hanks, Marketing Director of ADC Exhibitions says: "We realize how vital it is for exhibiting companies to plan ahead of an exhibition. We do our utmost to encourage our exhibitors to maximize on their participation in an event. (12) "A. Lead times for publications can be anything from 6 to 24 weeks before publication and it is essential that details are sent in time.B. Meetings on pre-show activities should be held to ensure all personnel are clear about recent developments.C. Research by the Exhibition Marketing Group shows that 61% of visitors are attracted to exhibitions by new products and technology.D. The costs of exhibition space, transportation, and other related issues need to be considered well in advance.E. The success of any show is greatly influenced by the way exhibitors market themselves.F. A number of exhibition organizations also provide free guides and services.G. A number of fundamental decisions should be taken in advanc

填空题A. sort out staff disagreements B. depute tasks fairly C. obtain all the facts D. develop a range of strategies E. establish clear goals F. carry out regular schedule G. clarify all job descriptions H. act immediately

填空题A to re-negotiate a contractB to inspect the condition of some equipmentC to meet a potential clientD to attend a strategy planning meetingE to visit a trade fairF to recruit a new agentG to investigate potential premisesH to review the results of a survey'

填空题{{B}}PART THREE{{/B}}{{B}} ·Look at the following text and questions over the page. ·Each question has four suggested answers or ways of finishing the sentence, A, B, C and D. ·Mark one letter A, B, C or D on your answer sheet, for the answer you choose.{{/B}} Orange farmers call one of their earliest-ripening varieties Pineapples. But, in the days after Hurricane Charley tore through Florida's inland orange county, the fruit on the ground looks more like green racquetballs. Small. Hard. Useless.Charley was a ruthlessly efficient harvester—the hurricane arrived a couple of months before an orange is supposed to be dislodged from its branch. The storm stripped oranges and grapefruits from countless trees at orange groves. In some of the worst-hit fields, two or three oranges dangle from each tree and thousands lie on the ground. In other places, trees are split down the middle, lying on piles of soon-to-be-rotting citrus.The devastation in the groves strikes at one of the state's signature industries, the ubiquitous "Florida orange juice" behemoth that is recognizable worldwide.Florida produces more oranges and grapefruits than any other state; the industry has an economic impact on Florida of $9 billion a year, including $1 billion in tax revenue.Great chunks of that economic juggernaut could be imperiled, though the damage is still being assessed.The storm last week shredded swaths of seven of Florida's biggest citrus-producing counties, responsible for one out of three oranges and grapefruits raised in the state.Charley arrived at a jumpy time for citrus growers here, who were already rattled by recent battles with inexpensive imports and—more important—a huge dip in sales attributed to the popularity of low-carbohydrate diets, which discourage drinking orange juice. Some growers worry that the devastation will force many out of the citrus business.Frances Causey, 92, has watched Florida's best-known crop get its color all her life, a life of frost and drought and economic catastrophes."We've had ups and downs, but we've never had this," she said Monday.Causey—alone in the rock-solid clapboard house her father built nearly a century ago—watched as Charley ran roughshod through her groves. The house sits up on a bluff, overlooking Wauchula, one of the dozens of small towns in Florida's interior raked by the storm's winds.These little town—places that don't show up on many maps, with such names as Zolfo Springs, Brownville, Fort Ogden and Moffitt—are dozens of miles from the coastal towns of Punta Gorda and Port Charlotte, which have gotten the most attention in the aftermath of Charley. Far from major media markets, the tiny rural communities have slogged along in a kind of grim, solitary survival march. The vast tracts of soggy land around the towns look like "old Florida"—swamps filled with cabbage palms, meadows shaded by oak trees and miles of citrus groves. Pickup trucks steered by men in sweat-stained fertilizer-company hats skid and bump down narrow, rutted country lanes, where barely solid land seems to be losing the battle against the overwhelming wetness.These are places that grow things—oranges and grapefruit and cattle—and make things. They aren't places people go on vacation. This is the other Florida, the one that feels like the Deep South. And some, the people who call this other Florida home, feel forgotten in the storm."We were listening to the radio and the television and they never talked about us," said Mary Stombaugh, who lives on a country road outside Arcadia, about 50 miles from Sarasota. "It really upset me. "Stombaugh and her husband, Jerry, never thought a storm that started in an ocean could find them in the country-road heaven they fell in love with two decades ago.They hosted 11 relatives and friends in their house, each fleeing cities closer to the coast, or to the north, that were supposed to take direct hits but went largely unscathed. The orange groves across from Stombaugh's house are ruined. Just up the road from Stombaugh's home, with a bright-blue tarp now serving as a roof, tractor-trailers hauled fat tanks into a crumpled orange juice processing plant so huge that it resembles an oil refinery. Jason Cloud drove out to gaze at the sagging plant, calculating the impact on a region where agriculture is king."You drive around and it almost makes you cry," said Cloud, who works as an orange grove harvesting coordinator.The citrus business, like any agricultural endeavor, has its own calculus of supply and demand. The misfortune of growers slapped around by Charley will likely produce higher prices for the farmers whose groves went unscathed."They'll benefit from our loss," said John Causey, the nephew of Frances Causey. "Maybe five years from now, we'll benefit from their loss. "

填空题{{B}}Section One{{/B}}·YOU will hear five short recordings.·For each recording, decide which type of business each speaker is talking about.·Write one letter(A-H) next to the number of the recording.·Do not use any letter more than once.·After you have listened once, replay each recording. A a market research agencyB an office design serviceC a translation serviceD a delivery serviceE an IT consultancyF an advertising agencyG a commercial property agencyH a recruitment agency

填空题· For each recording, decide what the speaker's strategy is for success in management.· Write one letter (A-H) next to the number of the recording.· Do not use any letter more than once.· After you have listened once, replay the recordings.A. Be the first to state an opinion.B. Don't respond to others immediately.C. Let people know your plans.D. Prepare for the worst.E. Understand each person's motivation.F. Be flexible in your approach.G. Don't appear to take things personally.H. Win widespread support for your ideas.

填空题 MESSAGE Message for: Jenny Smith From: Purchasing Re: Order of January 25th Problems: Can't get any (9) photocopy paper until (10) Will you wait or take another color? New envelopes are slightly (11) than old stock. OK? Filing cabinet: how many (12) do you want?

填空题· Read the article below about the top brands.· Choose the best sentence from the opposite page to fill each of the gaps.· For each gap 8-12, mark one letter (A-G) on your Answer Sheet.· Do not use any letter more than once. {{B}} THE 100 TOP BRANDS{{/B}} It was a tough year to build a brand -- or defend one against the corrosive effects of a bear market, financial scandals, and shifting consumer priorities. For proof, look no further than the fact that roughly half of the 100 global brands that Interbrand Corp. and Business Week ranked this year fell in value compared with a year ago. In this environment, just holding your own is an accomplishment. To qualify for our ranking, brands had to have a value greater than $1 billion. They were selected according to two criteria: {{U}}(8) {{/U}} They also had to have publicly available market and financial data on which to base the valuation. That excluded some big brands, such as Visa International, the BBC, and Mars. How do you place a value on a brand? {{U}}(9) {{/U}} Business Week selected lnterbrand's method because it values brands the same way analysts value other assets: on the basis of how much they're likely to earn in the future. Those projected profits are then discounted to a present value based on how risky the projected earnings are -- that is, the likelihood that they will in fact materialize. To start the process, Interbrand first figures out that percentage of overall revenues are accounted for by the power of the brand. {{U}}(10) {{/U}} Interbrand then deducts a charge for the cost of owning the tangible assets, on the theory that whatever income is generated beyond that cost is due to intangible factors. This is the economic value added by things like patents, customer lists, and, of course, the brand. {{U}} (11) {{/U}} For example, are people buying Shell gasoline because of the brand name or because the gas station is conveniently located? Interbrand uses market research and interviews with industry executives to sift through those variables. The final phase is to analyze the strength of the brand to figure out how risks those future brand earnings are. To calculate the brand's strength, Interbrand looks at seven factors, including the brand's market leadership, its stability and its ability to cross geographical and cultural borders. {{U}}(12) {{/U}} Business Week and Interbrand believe this figure comes closest to representing the true economic value of that complex array of forces that make up a brand.A The risk analysis produces a discount rate that is applied to the brand earnings to come up with a net present value of the brand.B Some attempts rely on little more than opinion polls or ad spending.C Next, with the help of analysts from J. P. Morgan Chase Co., Interbrand projects net earnings for that segment of the business.D In this environment, just holding your own is an accomplishment.E They should be famous and have a good reputation around the world.F The next step is to winnow the earnings generated by the brand from the earnings generated by other intangibles.G They had to be global in nature, deriving 20% or more of sales from outside their home country.

填空题definition of GDP, we cannot measure it with precision. Some experts think on we

填空题BSection One/B· You will hear five short recordings.· For each recording, decide what opinion the speaker has about the company they work for.· Write one letter (A-H) next to the number of the recording.· Do not use any letter more than once.· After you have listened once, replay the recordings. A. The after-sales service is poor.B. The company brochure should be updated.C. More money should be invested in research and development.D. Employment contracts should be standardised.E. A member of staff should be dismissed.F. Some new trainees should be recruited.G. The company insurance provision is not sufficient.H. Product delivery agreements need to be clearer.

填空题 1

填空题Railways and airlines want to win passengers from each other.

填空题{{B}}PART ONE{{/B}}·Look at the statements below and the information about training courses.·Which course (A, B, C or D) does each statement (1 -7) refer to?·For each sentence, mark one letter (A, B, C or D) on your Answer Sheet.·You will need to use some of these letters more than once. {{B}}A{{/B}} This course looks at the administrative functions of a bank's loans department, e. g. dealing with credit applications and keeping records of loan transactions. We will use real application forms of the type that administrative staff in loan departments regularly handle. It will be particularly useful for experienced staff with clay-to-day administrative responsibility for loan portfolios. Although most clients choose to enjoy our beautiful premises, the course can be run at the client company or elsewhere.{{B}}B{{/B}} On this advanced course you will build up a database of a company's cash flow over time and identify and interpret patterns of change. You will analyze the cash flow of a few sample companies and use your analysis to judge their ability to settle their debts. This course will help you perform an advanced cash flow analysis of your own company.{{B}}C{{/B}} Open to anyone who completed our introductory course on legal contracts in business, this course looks at the legal principles involved when a company takes out a loan, and outlines how to take legal action against a company that defaults on its repayments. You will compare the interests and responsibilities of both parties to a loan contract.{{B}}D{{/B}} This is a course for those new to leasing. It will provide you with a basic understanding of why companies prefer to lease property or machinery, rather than buy. You will learn about both the expenses and tax benefits of leasing and you will study a variety of lease agreements and the laws relating to them.

填空题A Marketing SecretaryWe are seeking a brilliantly organised and mature department secretary to act as PA to the Head of Marketing and provide administrative support to three other busy department heads. The successful applicant must have strong secretarial skill and knowledge of up-to-date information technology. A good sense of humour and excellent communication skills are essential.B Science Marketing AssistantThis position would suit a recent science graduate with an interest in developing a career in marketing in publishing environment. Marketing experience is preferable but not essential as full training will be given. The company also has a strong internal recruitment policy.C Assistant Museum ManagerReporting directly to the Manager. Your role will be to help improve visitor services. The flexible 35-hour week will regularly involve working weekends and evenings. Previous experience of working in a similar role is required. This is initially a one-year appointment but may be extended.D International Management ConsultantSuitable bilingual applicants will have worked in a similar position here or abroad for at least two years. Excellent communication and presentation skills are vital, as is the willingness to invest the necessary time in order to succeed in a highly competitive and challenging market.

填空题· Look at the note below.· You will hear a man telephoning his personnel officer. {{B}} Message{{/B}}Data: 12 November 2003From: Roshan Singh, {{U}}(5) {{/U}} Department. Message: He has received an interesting {{U}}(6) {{/U}} and wants to discuss {{U}}(7) {{/U}} He has to reply by {{U}}(8) {{/U}}