Read the following passage and choose the correct answer from A, B, C and D. At the time Jane Austin's novels were published — between 1811 and 1818 — English literature was not part of any academic curriculum. In addition, fiction was under strenuous attack. Certain religious and political groups felt novels had the power to make so-called immoral characters so interesting that young readers would identify with them; these groups also considered novels to be of little practical use. Even Coleridge, certainly no literary reactionary, spoke for many when he asserted that "novel-reading occasions the destruction of the mind's powers." These attitudes toward novels help explain why Austin received little attention from early nineteenth-century literary critics.(In any case, a novelist published anonymously, as Austin was, would not be likely to receive much critical attention.)The literary response that was accorded her, however, was often as incisive as twentieth-century criticism. In his attack in 1816 on novelistic portrayals "outside of ordinary experience", for example, Scott made an insightful remark about the merits of Austin's fiction. "Her novels", wrote Scott, "present to the reader an accurate and exact picture of ordinary everyday people and places, reminiscent of seventeenth-century Flemish Painting." Scott did not use the word "realism", but he undoubtedly used a standard of realistic probability in judging novels, the critic Whately didn't use the word realism either, but he expressed agreement with Scott's evaluation, and went on to suggest the possibilities for moral instruction in what we have called Austin's realistic method. "Her characters", wrote Whately, "are persuasive agents for moral truth since they are ordinary persons so clearly evoked that we feel an interest in their fate as if it were our own." "Moral instruction", explained Whately, "is more likely to be effective when conveyed through recognizably human and interesting characters than when imparted by a sermonizing narrator". Whitely especially praised Austin's ability to create characters who "mingle goodness and villainy, weakness and virtue, as in life they are always mingled." Whitely concluded his remarks by comparing Austin's art of characterization to Dickens', stating his preference to Austin's. Yet the response of nineteenth-century literary critics to Austin was not always so laudatory, and often anticipated the reservations of twentieth century critics. An example of such a response was Lewes' complaint in 1859 that Austin's range of subjects and characters was too narrow. Praising her verisimilitude, Lewes added that nonetheless her focus was too often upon only the unlofty and the commonplace.(Twentieth-century, Marxists, on the other hand, were to complain about what they saw as her exclusive emphasis on a lofty upper-middle class.)In any case, having been rescued by some literary critics from neglect and indeed gradually lionized by them, Austin steadily reached, by the mid-nineteenth century, the enviable pinnacle of being considered controversial.

Read the article below and choose the best sentence from the list on the next page to fill each of the gaps. For each gap(1-8)mark one letter(A-H)on your Answer Sheet. Do not mark any letter twice. Have life insurance? Is it enough or maybe too much? Most parents know that they need life insurance. But many would rather have a root canal than shop for the best life insurance policy. "People don't think about, 'What will my family do if I am gone and not earning a living? '" says Peter Katt, a fee-only life insurance adviser. "The whole point of this kind of planning is to provide the family with maximum flexibility so they're not stuck." 【R1】 1Too often, parents make a quick decision, ignoring important considerations. Among their mistakes, one is that they do not buy enough life insurance.【R2】 2"They don't think that the person who is not bringing in an income needs life insurance," says Greg Daugherty, executive editor of Consumers Union. But if that person dies, the other parent can't stop working and usually has to pay someone to help care for the family. 【R3】 3Katt recommended that one young couple should buy $3 million for the husband who earns $100,000 a year and $1 million for the stay-at-home wife. At the same time, many families rely on employer-provided life insurance, but employer-provided coverage is rarely sufficient to support your family.【R4】 4Some employers provide a year's salary, but that may also fall well short of the amount your family would need to maintain its standard of living. Some employers let workers buy group life insurance through payroll deductions. That may be a good deal for workers who have health problems that would disqualify them for an individual policy. 【R5】 5 Another drawback is that if you leave your job, you may not be able to take your insurance. "Given the job market, most of us are not absolutely certain that our jobs are secure," Daugherty says. 【R6】 6 On the other hand, some families buy too much insurance. Not everyone needs life insurance. Some people buy life insurance for babies, which is unnecessary, unless the baby is a child model who is supporting the family, Daugherty says:【R7】 7Single people and those who have no children to care for usually don't need life insurance. Katt says a man with substantial savings in stocks and bonds and other sources of income recently asked him how much life insurance he needs. "I said none," Katt says. 【R8】 8A. Many employer-provided policies provide a death benefit of $10,000 to $25,000 — barely enough to cover your funeral expenses.B. Families don't always insure a parent who is staying home to care for the children.C. "There are people who don't need life insurance but have it and many more people who need it but are woefully uninsured."D. The purpose of insurance is to replace the income that a family has been relying on.E. "Even if you have a lot of insurance at work, it makes sense to have some more insurance on your own."F. To make insurance more affordable, you may not need to buy the same amount of insurance for both parents.G. Planning for your death is not a cheerful topic.H. But if you're young and healthy, you may be able to get a better rate on your own. 【R1】

Read the following passage and answer questions 19~25. For questions 19-25, choose the correct answer A, B, C and D. Mark your answers on the Answer Sheet. Training must have purpose, which is defined a firm analyses of it's training needs. A review of manpower planning should include a training analysis, which looks carefully at the training at the point of view of the company, its various department and personnel. This may show the weaknesses existing in some departments and that, as a result, training is needed for their staff. Training needs are based on an analysis of the job description and job specification. A job description should give details of the performance that is required for a specific job, and job specifications should give information about the behavior, knowledge and skills that are expected by an employee who works in it. When all of these have been collected, it is possible to begin the training. This specifies what the training department must teach for the successful performance of the job, and also the best methods to use in the training period. There are many different training methods, and there are advantages and disadvantages to all of them. Successful training programs depend on an understanding of the difference between learning about skills and training in using them. It is frequently said that learning about skills take place "off the job" in the classroom; but in training in using these skills take place "on the job" by means of such activities as job rotation and planned experience. It is always difficult to evaluate the cost and savings of a training program. The success of such program depends not only on the methods but also on the quality of the staff that do the training. A company can often check on saving in time and cost by examine the manual work performed by operators and technicians who have completed a training program. The evaluation of management and a supervisory training is much more complex than that. In order to test the result of management and supervisory training, many companies have looked at such things as the number of management and supervisory staff who leave their employment and the number who stay away from the work for the reason of health.

You will hear two telephone conversations. Write down one word or number in each of the numbered spaces on the forms below.CONVERSATION 1(Questions 1-4) Improving Brand's ImageSusan is discussing new marketing strategy with George who is working with【L1】 1; suggesting expanding market share in the【L2】 2adult market, improving brand image and keeping competitive edge in【L3】 3; proposing a meeting earlier than【L4】 4p.m. You will hear two telephone conversations. Write down one word or number in each of the numbered spaces on the forms below.CONVERSATION 1(Questions 1-4) Improving Brand's ImageSusan is discussing new marketing strategy with George who is working with【L1】 5; suggesting expanding market share in the【L2】 6adult market, improving brand image and keeping competitive edge in【L3】 7; proposing a meeting earlier than【L4】 8p.m. 【L1】

You will hear Desmond Butler, owner of Klikset, talking about how he created a successful toy company. For each question(23-30), mark one letter(A, B or C)for the correct answer. After you have listened once, replay the recording. You will hear Desmond Butler, owner of Klikset, talking about how he created a successful toy company. For each question(23-30), mark one letter(A, B or C)for the correct answer. After you have listened once, replay the recording.

Your are the sales manager of ACL Company. Your customer, Jackson Bryer, invites you to have dinner with him on Tuesday the Twelfth at seven o 'clock. Write a letter to Mr. Bryer: Telling him that you cannot have dinner with him. Saying that you have another engagement that day. Suggesting two different times when you are free. Write 30-40 words.

Ordering Room ServiceRoom No.: 【L5】 1What for dinner: two fresh Juices, one orange and one【L6】 2, two roast beef sandwiches, one 【L7】 3salad Laundry service: someone to pick up some laundry Payment: together with the【L8】 4bill Time for dinner: in about 10 minutes Ordering Room ServiceRoom No.: 【L5】 5What for dinner: two fresh Juices, one orange and one【L6】 6, two roast beef sandwiches, one 【L7】 7salad Laundry service: someone to pick up some laundry Payment: together with the【L8】 8bill Time for dinner: in about 10 minutes 【L5】

You will hear five people talking about "How to Slow Down the Pace of Life ". For questions 9-13, choose from the list A~F what each speaker says. Use the letters only once. There is one extra letter which you do not need to use.A Try to avoid rushing all the time in life.B Go watchless and join in clock-free activities.C Plan your life and do what's necessary.D Check and reflect your time management constantly. E Schedule in accordance with your own bio-clock. F Get more out of life by doing or expecting less. You will hear five people talking about "How to Slow Down the Pace of Life ". For questions 9-13, choose from the list A~F what each speaker says. Use the letters only once. There is one extra letter which you do not need to use.A Try to avoid rushing all the time in life.B Go watchless and join in clock-free activities.C Plan your life and do what's necessary.D Check and reflect your time management constantly. E Schedule in accordance with your own bio-clock. F Get more out of life by doing or expecting less.

CONVERSATION 2(Questions 5-8) Discounts for Gym Courses We have discounts for【L5】 1students. For those who have a long-term exercise plan, they are【L6】 2to apply for our VIP【L7】 3. For VIPs, the discount for yoga courses is doubled, while the discount for dancing courses is【L8】 4.CONVERSATION 2(Questions 5-8) Discounts for Gym Courses We have discounts for【L5】 5students. For those who have a long-term exercise plan, they are【L6】 6to apply for our VIP【L7】 7. For VIPs, the discount for yoga courses is doubled, while the discount for dancing courses is【L8】 8. 【L5】

Read the following passage, eight sentences have been removed from the article. Choose from the sentences A-H the one which fits each gap. For each gap(1-8)mark one letter(A-H)on the Answer Sheet. Do not mark any letter twice. The single, decisive factor that made it possible for mankind to settle in permanent communities was agriculture.【R1】 1Once people could control the production of food and be assured of a reliable annual supple of it, their lives changed completely. Farming was a revolutionary discovery.【R2】 2With more food available, more people could be fed. Populations therefore increased. The growing number of people available for more kinds of work led to the development of more complex social structures. 【R3】 3 Farming the world over has always relied upon a dependable water supply. For the earliest societies this meant rivers and streams or regular rainfall.【R4】 4Later communities were able to develop by taking advantage of the rainy seasons. All of the ancient civilizations probably developed in much the same way, in spite of regional and climatic differences.【R5】 5Heavier pottery replaced animal-skin gourds as containers for food and liquids. Cloth could be woven from wool and flax. Permanent structures made of wood, brick, and stone could be erected. The science of mathematics was an early outgrowth of agriculture. People studied the movements of the moon, the sun, and planets to calculate seasons.【R6】 6With a calendar it was possible to calculate the arrival of each growing season. Measurement of land areas was necessary if property was to be a factor in farming and housekeeping.【R7】 7All of the major ancient civilizations in Mesopotamia, Egypt, the Indus Valley, and China emerged in the 4th millennium BC. Historians still debate over which one emerged first. It may well have been the Middle East, in an area called the Fertile Crescent. This region stretches from the Nile River in Egypt northward along the coast of former Palestine, then eastward into Asia to include Mesopotamia.【R8】 8This kind of farming depended on the reproduction of seed, normally from grain crops.A. It not only made settlements possible and ultimately the building of cities but it also made available a reliable food supply.B. Later came measures of value as commodity and money exchange became common.C. In this area people settled along the riverbanks and practiced field agriculture.D. After farming was developed in the Middle East in about 6500 BC, people living in tribes or family units did not have to be on the move continually searching for food or herding their animals.E. As villages grew, the accumulation of more numerous and substantial goods became possible.F. With a food surplus, a community could support a variety of workers who were not farmers.G. The first great civilizations grow up along rivers. H. In doing so they created the first calendars. 【R1】

You are Account Manager of ABC Company. Your company ordered a certain value of woolen sweater from New Style Fabric Company but there was a delay of delivery. Now you write a complain letter to: state when the order was placed; what inconvenience the delay has caused; what you expect to be done about the delay. Write about 120 words.

You are to work with a U.S. company for a year. You have finally obtained your visa from the US Embassy in Beijing, and are ready to leave for Minneapolis, USA, where the company is headquartered. Read the following memo with information jotted down from your air-ticket: From Beijing to Minneapolis. The American Northwest Airline. NW745, Monday, November 27,2002, Beijing time. Arrive at 1:30 p.m. Nov. 28, American time. Write a letter(50-60 words)to Mr. Michael Jackson, Corporate Secretary of the company, asking for your pickup at the airport.

Read the following passages. Eight sentences have been removed from the article. Choose from the sentences A~H the one which fits each gap. For each gap(1-8)mark one letter(A~H)on the Answer Sheet. Do not mark any letter twice. A few minutes ago, walking back from lunch, I started to cross the street when I heard the sound of a coin dropping. It wasn't much but, as I turned, my eyes caught the heads of several other people turning too. 【R1】 1 The tinkling sound of a coin dropping on pavement is an attention-getter. It can be nothing more than a penny. Whatever the coin is, no one ignores the sound of it. 【R2】 2 We are besieged by so many sounds that attract our attention. 【R3】 3 When I'm in New York, I'm a New Yorker. I don't turn either.【R4】 4I hardly hear a siren there. At home in my little town in Connecticut, it's different. 【R5】 5 It's the quietest sounds that have most effect on us, not the loudest.【R6】 6I've been hearing little creaking noises and sounds which my imagination turns into footsteps in the middle of the night for twenty-five years in our house. How come I never hear those sounds in the daytime? I'm quite clear in my mind what the good sounds are and what the bad sounds are. I've turned against whistling, for instance, 【R7】 7 The "tap, tap, tap" of my typewriter as the keys hit the paper is a lovely sound to me. 【R8】 8A. It got me thinking about sounds again.B. Like the natives.C. The distant wail of a police car, an emergency vehicle or a fire siren brings me to my feet if I'm seated and brings me to the window if I'm in bed.D. I often like the sound when I write better than the looks of it.E. I used to think of it as the mark of a happy worker but lately I've been associating the whistler with a nervous person making compulsive noises.F. In the middle of the night, I can hear a dripping tap a hundred yards away through three closed doors.G. People in New York City seldom turn to look when a fire engine, a police car or an ambulance comes screaming along the street.H. A woman had dropped what appeared to be a dime. 【R1】

CONVERSATION 2(Questions 5-8)Fred's job:【L5】 1driver. Years for doing the job:【L6】 2. Problems Fred had: trouble with【L7】 3. Correct way of lifting things: using【L8】 4.CONVERSATION 2(Questions 5-8)Fred's job:【L5】 5driver. Years for doing the job:【L6】 6. Problems Fred had: trouble with【L7】 7. Correct way of lifting things: using【L8】 8. 【L5】

You will hear two telephone conversations. Write down one word or number in the numbered spaces on the forms below.CONVERSATION 1(Questions 1-4)The name of the little boy:【L1】 1. Swallowed money: a【L2】 2. Appointment with the doctor:Time:【L3】 3p.m.Date:【L4】 4. You will hear two telephone conversations. Write down one word or number in the numbered spaces on the forms below.CONVERSATION 1(Questions 1-4)The name of the little boy:【L1】 5. Swallowed money: a【L2】 6. Appointment with the doctor:Time:【L3】 7p.m.Date:【L4】 8. 【L1】

You got a letter requesting information from Andrea Philips, the marketing manager of Lingua Services Ltd. July 1st, 2013 To someone who is concerned, I should be grateful if you would send us your brochure and price list about your translation services. We are currently developing our sales literature and web sites and are in terested in translating these into five languages apart from English. I look forward to hearing from you. Yours faithfully, Andrew Philips Please write a reply: to inform him of the requested information enclosed; to express your interest in cooperation; to propose an appointment for further discussions. Write about 50-60 words.

Using the information in the text, complete each sentence 14-18 with an expression from the list below. For each sentence(14-18), mark one letter(A~G)on your Answer Sheet. Do not mark any letter twice.A. a bridgeB. air qualityC. climate changeD. renewable powerE. an unlikely targetF. future generationsG. greenhouse-gas emissions

Look at the ten statements for this part. You will hear the story of Italian tenor Andrea Bocelli. Decide whether you think each statement is right(R), wrong(W)or not mentioned(NM). Mark your answers on the Answer Sheet. Look at the ten statements for this part. You will hear the story of Italian tenor Andrea Bocelli. Decide whether you think each statement is right(R), wrong(W)or not mentioned(NM). Mark your answers on the Answer Sheet.

Read the following passage and answer questions 9-18.1. When one of your car tires goes flat, there are two things you can do. Groan and change or, if you don't have a spare, stand helplessly behind the road and hope someone to your rescue. Now comes a third alternative, called Quickwheel. It is designed to get disabled motorists rolling again as quickly as possible.2. Quickwheel is essentially a tiny trailer — complete with three tough little wheels of it's own — that support the flat tire and enable the motorist to drive to the service station without losing much time or expending much energy. The product is manufactured in the Netherlands but is owned and marketed by a US company. Quickwheel inc. of Greenwich, Connecticut. According to the firm's president, Robert Bockweg, the product meets each of the major concerns that consumers associate with flat tires: safety lost time and physical exertion.3. To use it, motorists simply unfold the product to its fully extended position, set it in front of the disabled tire, drive the car on to the Quickwheel's ramp and attach a special safety strap over the tire. The tire is then locked, or cradled, in Quickwheel's metal frame. The device's three wheels do the rest of work.4. According to Quckwheel Inc., its product can be driven "four miles" at speeds of up to 45 miles per hour without any noticeable change in the vehicle's breaking or steer operation. The company also claims that it can be used on just any type of car, jeep, mini-van or trailer.5. Bockweg says that Quickwheel will be sold in the US, at a price of $150. Distribution agreements now being negotiated should make the product available in Japan, Canada and West Europe in the future. For questions 9-13, choose the best title for each paragraph from below. For each numbered paragraph(1-5), mark one letter(A~G)on the Answer Sheet. Do not mark any letter twice.A. The future marketing of Quickwheel.B. The advantages of the Quickwheel.C. How does Quickwheel work?D. The ways of dealing with flat tires.E. Quickwheel can get disabled motorists rolling again.F. An introduction of Quickwheel.G. Why is the Quickwheel invented?

RECORDED MESSAGE(Questions 5-8)Message from Ted - Trade Fair New【L5】 1is very popular. Most orders taken for【L6】 2cable package. Not many orders for【L7】 3typing software. Send more【L8】 4disks today.RECORDED MESSAGE(Questions 5-8)Message from Ted - Trade Fair New【L5】 5is very popular. Most orders taken for【L6】 6cable package. Not many orders for【L7】 7typing software. Send more【L8】 8disks today. 【L5】