填空题A. The Birmingham Alliance will provide Birmingham with one of Europe"s largest regional shopping centres, right in the heart of the city. The Alliance, an initiative between three of the largest developers in the country, all with extensive experience of urban regeneration schemes, will facilitate an ￡800m investment in Birmingham. This will regenerate 40 acres of the city centre within the next decade. Planning permission is in place for the new scheme, which will be a short distance from existing prime retail areas. The development will be well serviced by all forms of public transport, as well as providing parking space for 3,200 cars. B. The private-public partnership between Legal & General and Bracknell Town Council will manage the ￡500m regeneration of the town"s centre. The proposals, which are awaiting the outcome of consultation with local residents, provide for approximately 102,000 m 2 of retail and leisure facilities, 200 residential units and office accommodation. This development is expected to set the standard for town centre regeneration schemes to come because of the way it integrates the business and community sectors. It will also facilitate great improvements in the region"s transport infrastructure. C. Bluewater is a symbol of retail excellence, achieved through a unique combination of design, retail mix, leisure, catering and hospitality. The centre, surrounded by parkland, is situated in the country"s most affluent region. Eleven million people, with a combined spending power predicted to exceed a record ～5.5bn, live within 60 minutes of the centre. The developers set a precedent in the industry by gating the country"s three best-known department stores to open very large branches within the centre, as well as over 300 leading fashion and lifestyle stores. D. Following its recent stock market success, Lend Lease is now developing Overgate shopping centre in Dundee. Construction is well under way, and with several of the country"s best-known retailers already secured, Lend Lease is promoting the centre as the unrivalled shopping destination of the region. The economic base of the area has improved continuously over the past decade, due to the fast expansion of the biomedical and service sectors. With an estimated potential market of 500,000 people, Overgate is proving attractive to leading UK retailers.

填空题{{B}}PART THREE{{/B}}{{B}}· Read the article below about managing a small business and the questions on the opposite page.· For each question 13-18, mark one letter (A, B, C or D) on your Answer Sheet, for the answer you choose.{{/B}} {{B}}The Difficulties Of Managing A Small Business{{/B}} {{I}}{{B}}Ronald Meers asks who chief executives of entrepreneurial or small businesses can turn to for advice.{{/B}}{{/I}}'The organisational weaknesses that entrepreneurs have to deal with every day would cause the managers of a mature company to panic,' Andrew Bidden wrote recently in Boston Business Review. This seems to suggest that the leaders of entrepreneurial or small businesses must be unlike other managers, or the problems faced by such leaders must be the subject of a specialised body of wisdom, or possibly both. Unfortunately, neither is true. Not much worth reading about managing the entrepreneurial or small business has been written, and the leaders of such businesses are made of flesh and blood, like the rest of us.Furthermore, little has been done to address the aspects of entrepreneurial or small businesses that are so difficult to deal with and so different from the challenges faced by management in big business. In part this is because those involved in gathering expertise about business and in selling advice to businesses have historically been more interested in the needs of big business. In part, in the UK at least, it is also because small businesses have always preferred to adapt to changing circumstances.The organisational problems of entrepreneurial or small businesses are thus forced upon the individuals who lead them. Even more so than for bigger businesses, the old saying is true - that people, particularly those who make the important decisions, are a business's most important asset. The research that does exist shows that neither money nor the ability to access more of it is the major factor determining growth. The main reason an entrepreneurial business stops growing is the lack of management and leadership resource available to the business when it matters. Give an entrepreneur an experienced, skilled team and he or she will find the funds every time. Getting the team, though, is the difficult bit.Part of the problem for entrepreneurs is the speed of change that affects their businesses. They have to cope with continuous change yet have always been suspicious about the latest 'management solution'. They regard the many offerings from business schools as out of date even before they leave the planning board and have little faith in the recommendations of consultants when they arrive in the hands of young, inexperienced graduates. But such impatience with 'management solutions' does not mean that problems can be left to solve themselves. However, the leaders of growing businesses are still left with the problem of who to turn to for advice.The answer is horribly simple: leaders of small businesses can ask each other. The collective knowledge of a group of leaders can prove enormously helpful in solving the specific problems of individuals. One leader's problems have certainly been solved already by someone else. There is an organisation called KITE which enables those responsible for small businesses to meet. Its members, all of whom are chief executives, go through a demanding selection process, and then join a small group of other chief executives. They come from a range of business sectors and each offers a different corporate history Each group is led by a 'moderator', an independently selected businessman or woman who has been specially trained to head the group. Each member takes it in turn tu host a meeting at his or her business premises and, most important of all, group discussions are kept strictly confidential. This encourages a free sharing of problems and increases the possibility of solutions being discovered.

填空题PARTONE·Youwillhearthreetelephoneconversations.·Writeoneortwowordsoranumberinthenumberedspacesonthenotesorforms.·Afteryouhavelistenedonce,replaytherecording.ConversationOne·Lookattheformbelow.·Youwillhearawomantelephoningaboutsomeproblemswithanorder.

填空题Know your market, and know your marketability. Always keep a minimum salary requirement in the mind. With a little research, you can determine a realistic and34 satisfactory salary. Decide what you need, want. and can survive on before you35 walk into for an interview. Wait for an offer —don't just announce your minimum36 to the interviewer. And never respond too immediately —take time to think things37 over. If you feel the package is unsatisfactory, figure out what you would make38 the package more palatable. Don't just wait to see what the employer has to offer.39 Get your offer in the writing. This includes the salary you agree upon, details on40 potential increases, and any unusual terms regarding to your benefits or vacation41 time. For example, if you need immediate leave before you've accrued vacation42 time, or the company agrees to pay to your entire health-care premium, you'll43 have something to snow before HR if a problem comes up. If you accept the job.44 send a letter while confirming your mutual agreement on the offer and keep a45 copy for your records. If you're dissatisfied with the Salary package but are not willing to take the job nonetheless, ask for a performance review in three or six months, and get it in writing.

填空题{{B}}PART FIVE{{/B}}{{B}} ·Read the following text. ·In most of the lines 34--45 there is one extra word. It is either grammatically incorrect or does not fit in with the sense of the text. Some lines, however, are correct. ·If a line is correct, write CORRECT on your answer sheet. ·If there is an extra word in the line, write the extra word in CAPITAL LETTERS on your answer sheet.{{/B}} While proclaiming it a great day in Washington, Mayor Tony Williams (34) ______confirmed Wednesday afternoon that Major League Baseball isreturning to Washington. Williams, who made the announcement during a news conference atthe City Museum, he received a phone call Wednesday from baseball (35) ______commissioner Bud Sileg who saying the Montreal Expos would move (36) ______in time for from opening day in April 2005. (37) ______ Therefore the decision came almost 33 years to the day after the (38) ______Washington Senators played with their last game in D. C., on Sept. 30, 1971. (39) ______The District signed for formal papers agreeing to live up to its part of (40) ______the bargain, including the construction of a $ 440 million stadiumon the Anacostia River in time for the 2008 season. Between now and (41) ______then, when the Expos will play at RFK Stadium, where renovations (42) ______also will be paid by the city. Major League Baseball will now auction off the Expos to the highest (43) ______bidder. Local business leaders that formed the Washington BaseballClub and who lobbied hard to get the team are expected to be among the bidders. (44) ______Baseball's relocation committee chose the District over NorthernVirginia, they as well as bids from Norfolk, Las Vegas, Portland, Ore. , (45) ______and Monterrey, Mexico. Montreal is last in the National League East this season, with a 65-93record and four games remaining.

填空题·For each recording, decide what the main reason is for the phone call.·Write one letter (A—H) next to the number of the recording.·Do not use any letter more than once.·After you have listened once, replay each recording.A booking a tableB cancelling a meetingC placing an orderD selling somethingE offering a liftF congratulating someoneG checking an addressH making an appointment

填空题{{B}}Section One{{/B}} ·You will hear five short recordings. ·For each recording, decide what the speaker is trying to do. ·Write one letter (A—H) next to the number of the recording. ·Do not use any letter more than once. ·You will hear the five recordings twice. A check an address B book a table C make an appointment D sell something E place an order F cancel a meeting G congratulate someone H offer a lift

填空题 A Market awareness of the MP3 has exploded and the retailer who specializes in MP3 is seeing growth like never before. Admittedly, some customers buy their first MP3 in the supermarket, but for advice, add-ons and particular services they turn to the specialist. There are a large number of MP3 retailers and I can't help but feel the market only has room for four players. Undoubtedly, customer service is the factor that differentiates operators and I think this year we will probably see rationalization in the sector. B When I first started in the industry, MP3 were retailing at a thousand pounds and were as large as box files. Now, prices are constantly being driven down, because they are getting more compact and also there is intense competition between the MP3 providers. This will continue, and while retail dealers' profits will be affected dramatically, MP3 providers will have to generate more revenues by offering more services to the MP3 user. C Over a few years, prices have dropped sharply and technological advances have meant products have changed -- and are changing. Successful retailers must try to keep on top of these developments and invest in the training of employees so they are able to offer impartial advice to customers. E-commerce is taking off but this won't necessarily replace traditional retail outlets. In order to stand out, you need innovative ideas on customer service. We don't believe in criticizing other retailers, but there's nothing particularly exciting out there at present. D The MP3 business is behaving like the Internet industry in take-up and the pace of innovation, and it's important not to be left behind. We must continue to innovate in delivering the product to the customer. In terms of service provision, you can draw comparisons between us and our closest rival, but clearly all the main MP3 retailers have succeeded in taking the industry forward. Growth has accelerated rapidly and the MP3 has changed from simply being an entertaining tool, to being a multifunctional gadget for everyone.

填空题 Coast Travel Agency Booking FormCustomer Name: (1) ______________Company: D & BDestination: (2) ______________Time of Departure: (3) ______________Transfer at: San FranciscoClass of ticket: (4) ______________Cost (return flight): $1,024Method of payment: cash

填空题A Through political dialogue and confidence building, no tension has escalated into armed confrontation among ASEAN (Association of Southeast Asian Nations) member countries since its establishment more than three decades ago. To build on what has been constructed over the years in the field of political and security cooperation, the ASEAN leaders have agreed to establish the ASEAN Security Community (ASC). The ASC aims to ensure that countries in the region live at peace with one another and with the world in a just, democratic and harmonious environment. The members of the Community regard their security as fundamentally linked to one another and bound by geographic location, common vision and objectives. B EU (European Union) countries account for a small percentage of the world's population. They must therefore continue pulling together if they are to be able to compete on the world stage with other major economies。No individual EU country is strong enough to go it alone in world trade. The European single market provides companies with a vital platform for competing effectively on world markets. Half a century of European integration has shown that the EU as a whole is greater than the sum of its parts: it has much more economic, social, technological, commercial and political clout than if its member states had to act individually. C NAFTA (The North American Free Trade Agreement) has substantially liberalised trade in services and has opened government procurement markets, including procurement in services and construction markets. The agreement makes it illegal for the parties to discriminate between national and foreign producers in the trading of services, government markets and investment. One prime benefit of NAFTA is that the NAFTA agreement encourages greater immigration between the three countries. D WTO (World Trade Organisation) rules, agreed by member countries, limit the role that governments can play in their national economies. These include the level of taxes charged on goods coming into a country, goods quotas, support for national industry, and subsidies for farmers, Virtually any economic policy (and some social policies) that a government can make is restricted by what is agreed at the WTO. This means that elected governments do not have a full range of policy options open to them—their range is narrowed by the WTO.

填空题A A company does not function in a vacuum, but rather as part of a society. That society consists of the people who work for it, the people and companies that do business with it, the public at large, and the government that regulates and taxes it, these groups are known as a company's "publics". In order for a company to deal with these publics effectively, a relationship of trust must exist. Employees will not cooperate with or put forth their best efforts for a company that they do not trust or that they feel is taking advantage of them. The public will not buy products or services from a company that, in their view, is not responsible or trustworthy. B The government, as the protector of the society it governs、is especially cautious in dealing with a company that it regards as not operating in the public interest. Given these circumstances, every business, whether it is a giant corporation or a small factory, a five-star hotel or a roadside tavern, needs to give some thought to the relationship it has with all the various publics it interacts with, and the techniques that a company uses to imp rove these relationships are known as "public relations", also called PR. C A classic example of public relations at work is McDonald's. It has always been important to McDonald's to be known as a company that values cleanliness, Indeed, the founder Ray Kroc emphasised cleanliness along with quality, service, and value as being the four most important things in any McDonald's operation. For that reason, Kroc instructed the first McDonald's franchisees to pick up all litter within a two-block radius of their stores, whether it was McDonald's litter or not. D McDonald's has always been socially responsible and extremely concerned about its image. These two facts are part and parcel of its public relationships. To McDonald's, public relations activities go much deeper than simply sending out press releases and having corporate officers serve on various charitable boards. The company understands that real public relations means taking significant action first, then announcing them to the public. Without the first step, the second would be meaningless.

填空题·You will hear another five recordings.·For each recording, decide What the main idea is.·Write one letter (A-H) next to the number of the recording.·Do net use any letter more than once.·After you have listened once, replay each recording. A passing it on to another departmentB writing to apologizeC waiting before taking any actionD arranging a meetingE writing to express thanksF asking for further detailsG writing to complainH phoning to discuss a problem

填空题 1

填空题{{B}}PART ONE{{/B}}·Look at the sentences below and the following introduction about the types of ownership.·Which type of ownership does each sentence 1—7 refer to?·For each sentence 1—7, mark one letter (A, B, C or D) on your Answer Sheet.·You will need to use some of the letters more than once. {{B}}A{{/B}} {{B}}Partnerships{{/B}}On the whole, this is not a popular form of business organization, but it is often used by people in the professions, like doctors, dentists or lawyers, to expand their business. Greater efficiency is possible because people in this sort of association can spend their time doing what they are best at. If one person is sick, then the remaining partner(s) can carry on the work. The main disadvantage is that even with this form of ownership, the amount of money available to the business may be limited. If people quarrel or disagree over decision making there can be problems and serious delays.{{B}}B{{/B}} {{B}}Public (Plc) Companies{{/B}}These are the largest businesses in the private sector. There is no limit to the number of people holding shares in it and many of the larger companies have their shares listed on the stock exchange. The advantage of big businesses like this is that they find it easier to raise money as banks consider them a 'good risk'. There are strict laws governing the setting-up of this kind of business and each year the company has to publish its accounts. The larger such businesses grow, the more difficult it is to control them. Workers in such businesses may feel that management doesn't understand their problems.{{B}}C{{/B}} {{B}}Private (Ltd) Companies{{/B}}Such businesses are net allowed to sell shares to the public. They must consist of at least two members, but there is no upper limit to the numbers who own the company. The larger size makes it possible for such companies to borrow more money from the banks or from issuing additional shares to its members. The advantage is that such a business is able to offer its members limited liability (responsibility) for debts and losses. Many companies of this type exist in England, Europe and the U. S.{{B}}D{{/B}} {{B}}Sole Proprietorships{{/B}}Sole proprietorships, the most common business form, consist of one person doing business with no legal charter. While they offer the owner great freedom and are easy to form, they also present grave financial risks. General partnerships are merely proprietorships with multiple ewers.

填空题AManagement TraineesFor this exciting position in the leisure industry we are seeking management trainees to develop excel-lent buying skills. Possibly a new graduate, the successful applicant may have experience with a big national retailer, but must certainly possess excellent negotiation and communication skills.BMarketing ExecutiveThis important position has recently been created by one of the country's leading clothes manufactruers. It is an outstanding opportunity for a graduate with two years' experience in design or magazine publishing. The successful candidate will be given responsibility for a major, recently launched brand. It would be an advantage to have experience of promotional activities. Excellent fringe benefits on offer.CProduct ManagerThis company has at present about 30% of the market and a turnover of more than ￡ 500 million. The person appointed will have responsibility for a long-established product which is a household name. Experience in the insurance market is necessary and a background in accountancy would be helpful.DGroup product ManagerThis is a rare opportunity to work at a senior level for a market leader in the food industry, located in the north of the country. The person appointed will report directly to the Marketing Director and take full responsibility for a turnover in excess of ￡ 80 million and a team of three managers. Applicants need to have a minimum of five years' experience in product management. A market research qualification would be an advantage.

填空题{{B}}INFORMATION FOR CANDIDATES{{/B}}· There are thirty questions on this question paper.· Instructions are given on the tape.· You can write on this Question Paper.· At the end of the test, you will be given 10 minutes to copy your answers onto the Answer Sheet.· You must write all your answers in pencil.{{B}}PART ONE{{/B}}· You will hear three telephone conversations or messages.· Write one or two words or a number in the numbered spaces on the notes or forms below.· You will hear each recording twice.{{B}}Conversation One{{/B}}· Look at the form below.· You will hear a man telephoning to book a flight ticket. {{B}} Coast Travel Agency{{/B}} {{I}}Booking Form{{/I}}Customer Name: (1) ______________Company: D & BDestination: (2) ______________Time of Departure: (3) ______________Transfer at: San FranciscoClass of ticket: (4) ______________Cost (return flight): $1,024Method of payment: cash

填空题· You will hear another five recordings.· You will hear five speakers talking about running project teams.· For each recording, decide what the speaker recommends.· Write one letter (A- H) next to the number of the recording.· Do not use any letter more than once.· You will hear the five recordings twice. A Publish regular updates on progress.B Provide specific training for participants.C Define individual roles clearly.D Recruit members from different departments.E Check targets and deadlines frequently.F Obtain input from external experts.G Examine the achievements of previous teams.H Allocate sufficient technological resources.

填空题A This course looks at the administrative functions of a bank's loans department, e. g. dealing with credit applications and keeping records of loan transactions. We will use real application forms of the type that administrative staff in loan departments regularly handle. It will be particularly useful for experienced staff with clay-to-day administrative responsibility for loan portfolios. Although most clients choose to enjoy our beautiful premises, the course can be run at the client company or elsewhere.B On this advanced course you will build up a database of a company's cash flow over time and identify and interpret patterns of change. You will analyze the cash flow of a few sample companies and use your analysis to judge their ability to settle their debts. This course will help you perform an advanced cash flow analysis of your own company.C Open to anyone who completed our introductory course on legal contracts in business, this course looks at the legal principles involved when a company takes out a loan, and outlines how to take legal action against a company that defaults on its repayments. You will compare the interests and responsibilities of both parties to a loan contract.D This is a course for those new to leasing. It will provide you with a basic understanding of why companies prefer to lease property or machinery, rather than buy. You will learn about both the expenses and tax benefits of leasing and you will study a variety of lease agreements and the laws relating to them.