填空题 A In terms of efficiency, not size, the advertising industry is only now starting to grow out of its century-long infancy, which might be called "the Wanamaker era" . It was John Wanamaker, a devoutly Christian merchant from Philadelphia, who in the 1870s not only invented department stores and price tags(to eliminate haggling, since everybody should be equal before God and price), but also became the first modern advertiser when he bought space in newspapers to promote his stores. He went about it in a Christian way, neither advertising on Sundays nor fibbing(thus minting the concept of "truth in advertising" ). B The website is readily available to any consumer with a computer, and in this day and age, includes the majority of consumers throughout the world. There are no additional costs in reaching the expanded global markets. Since the Internet advertising extends to the global audience anytime, the chances of potential customers are more and hence the profit margin is also on the higher side. The bottom line is that the advantages of Internet advertising is much more than that of its traditional print forerunner, in lessened costs, availability, expanded consumer markets, and largely in the overall profit margin. C The best way to distinguish between advertising and marketing is to think of marketing as a pie, inside that pie you have slices of advertising, market research, media planning, public relations, product pricing, distribution, customer support, sales strategy, and community involvement. Advertising only equals one piece of the pie in the strategy. All of these elements must not only work independently but also work together towards the bigger goal. Marketing is a process that takes time and can involve hours of research for a marketing plan to be effective. Think of marketing as everything that an organisation does to facilitate an exchange between the company and consumers. D The advantages of print media enable you to send in the copy and have it displayed on the section you want within a few days. If it is a classified ad, this can be just 48 hours. The beauty of print media advertising is that you can be as creative as you wish, as long as you follow the guidelines set out by the newspaper. This will usually exclude nudity and strong sexual references in the copy and publishers will usually adhere to advertising standards legislation. E You write ads, based on relevant keywords for your business—these are displayed on search results pages and websites within that network. If someone types in a keyword/phrase relevant to your business and that matches your advert criteria, your ad will then show on the page. If someone clicks on your ad, you will be charged a fee based on the cost per click value you set for that advert. Therefore, it is important to make the advert clear, so to avoid wasted clicks from people who misunderstood your message.

填空题An investor who wants a fixed rate of interest, but the choice to change to ordinary shares if he changes his mind.

填空题Evolution of Accounting Accounting is thousands of years old; the earliest accounting records, which

填空题 · As you listen, for questions 1-12, complete the notes, using up to three words or a number. The Topic of the Speech 1. We are trying to do a ______ in computing. 2. Computer users are reaching ______ in the world. 3. Computer can share information and ______ with people easily. The Two Major Driving Forces to Computing Industry 4. The available of low cost and ______ of computing, 5. All elements of ______. Peking Industry 6. In Peking, there are ______ units of computers. The Advantages of Computer Using: 7. We can get ______ on a subject. 8. We can easily do a ______ in one day. 9. We can ______ to people on the other side of the world. The Disadvantages of Computer Using 10. There is ______. 11. We can get ______ to computers. 12. Our ______ can damage.

填空题The Role of an HR Manager Fundamentally, a human resource manager develops a company's culture, maintains benefits and payroll, and recruits new hires. The HR manager is a crucial position for any corporation, in every industry. For those with enthusiasm and an aptitude for working well with people, HR can offer many exciting choices. HR professionals enjoy a range of career options from recruiting, to training and development, to labor relations and benefits administration. It is important to understand what your various HR career options are and how they work. (9) HR specialists focus their efforts in a single area, such as recruiting or training. Generalists are less focused and handle a number of areas and tasks simultaneously. As a rule of thumb, small organizations and companies have one or more HR generalists who handle all HR issues. Larger organizations, on the other hand. have many specialists devoted to particular areas and services. According to the Society of Human Resource Management (SHRM), specialists play roles in four main areas. They may be involved in recruiting and managing new employees. (10) They are professionals handling employee and labour relations. They are responsible for company health, safety and security. SHRM defines a generalist's position to include everything from staffing the organization, to managing a diverse work force, to developing personnel policies and procedures. You can switch between a generalist position and specialist position. (11) As you spend more time in the industry, your skills and interests will become more focused and your expertise in certain areas will be valued, so career changes may become more challenging. Therefore, it is a good idea to explore all possibilities as early as possible in your HR career. Matt Aspin. a board member of the Society of Human Resource Management says that many junior positions are in recruiting and administrative roles. 'As recruiters,' Aspin says, 'young HR professionals will most likely be able to interact with HR generalists and decide whether it is something they are interested in. ' But there is no set path to follow; it is all about what you want to do. (12) For example, a junior recruiter can work his or her way up to a senior position, such as Director of Recruiting or Vice President of Talent Acquisition. (13) Training and development can also be another rewarding area of specialty. Here you can enjoy the excitement of ensuring that employees stay updated with the latest developments in technology and workplace practices. (14) It is popularly believed that generalists who have their hands in multiple areas often stay the sharpest. But ultimately, Aspin concludes, your area of concentration will ' depend on your interests' and ' you will naturally be attracted by it and move toward it'.A．They may specialize in training and developing new employees.B．He adds that some HR professionals start and end their careers in highly specialized roles.C．The opportunities in HR management are truly varied and plentiful.D．Two key terms in the human resource management sector are ' generalist' and ' specialist'E．A larger organization may also have HR generalists devoted to managing employee relations.F．For those who enjoy being a 'jack-of-all-trades', becoming a generalist is the way to go.G．However, it is always easier to make such moves early in your career.H．For those with enthusiasm and an aptitude for working well with people, HR can offer many exciting choices.

填空题The organization which initiated the innovation is more likely to cope with it freely.

填空题Customer Co-Production When we began the very first research for The Social Media Bible we asked 1,000 people to participate. The first discovery was that they didn"t want just another business book. A typical business book is 250 pages, 60,000 words, 20 chapters, 3,000 words per chapter. It"s a formula. I"ve written five of them. What they said was, "First, we want a business book that shows the tactics of social media." What are blogs? What"s a podcast? What"s a Vlog? What"s all this stuff about micro-blogging and Twitter? Second, they wanted a guide. They told me, give us all the companies that actually offer all of these services; who they are, how they started. 1 They said that "Now that I know the tactics and the tools, how do we apply them to their businesses? How do we develop a strategy?" John Wiley they are happy to do it. More than 300 people out of the 1,000 asked to participate as reviewers and collaborators. Ask your customers to participate in your brand, get them engaged. and ask them to be collaborators in your offering. A Every one of these experts participated in three, four, five pages and even the editing of every chapter of the book. B Isn"t that what marketing is supposed to accomplish? C A typical business book is 250 pages, 60,000 words, 20 chapters, 3,000 words per chapter. D In the book, I reached out to the top people in the social media industry throughout the world to talk about their personal experiences with social media. E Once you have them convinced that the book will change the way they do business for the better, they will buy it in droves. F Last, they wanted a third business book, which was a book on strategy. G The Social Media Bible is the largest book Wiley has ever published in 200 years, but in four days it sold out in six major metropolitan areas across the country. H They"ve been publishing for 202 years.

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填空题Below is an article giving advice to small business owners. Choose one sentence (A-H) to go in each gap (1-6). (One sentence is not needed.) Eight winning tips to make your financial plan profitable Create a financial plan: Estimate how much revenue you expect to bring in each month, and project what your expenses will be. If you need it, get help from business planning books, software, F. Review the plan monthly: Even if time is taken to prepare a financial plan with profit and loss projections, it often sits in a desk drawer. {{U}} {{U}} 11 {{/U}} {{/U}}; you have to review it regularly. Lost profits can't be recovered: When comparing your projections to reality and finding earnings too low or expenses too high, the conclusion often is, 'I'll make it up later.' The problem is that you really can't make it up later. {{U}} {{U}} 12 {{/U}} {{/U}}. Make adjustments right away: If revenues are lower than expected, increase efforts in sales and marketing or look for ways to increase your rates. If overhead costs are too high, find ways to cut back. There are other businesses like yours around. {{U}} {{U}} 13 {{/U}} {{/U}} Think before you spend: When considering any new business expense, including marketing and sales activities, evaluate the increased earnings you expect to bring in against its cost before you proceed to make a purchase. Don't be afraid to hire: Retailers and restaurateurs wouldn't consider operating without employees, but many service businesses limit themselves by being understaffed. {{U}} {{U}} 14 {{/U}} {{/U}}. You can better use your talents for generating revenue than for running errands and filing. Pay yourself a salary: If you are incorporated, you may already be doing this. {{U}} {{U}} 15 {{/U}} {{/U}}. Each month that your business meets its profitability goal, pay yourself the full amount. When you miss your target, dock your 'pay' and when you exceed it, pay yourself a 'bonus'. It's about profit, not revenue: It doesn't matter how many thousands of dollars you are bringing in each month if your expenses are almost as high, or higher. {{U}} {{U}} 16 {{/U}} {{/U}}. Don't be one of them. A. Almost any business can benefit from hired or contracted help B. Every month profits are too low is a month that is gone forever C. When you get your annual tax bill, it may be too late D. If not, allocate an amount to owner's compensation on a monthly basis E. It's not enough to have a plan F. or ask an accountant G. What is their secret for operating profitably? H. Many high-revenue businesses have gone under for this very reason

填空题·Read the advertisement below about a reward program.·In most of the lines 41-52 there is one extra word. It is either grammatically incorrect or does not fit in with the meaning of the text. Some lines, however, are correct.·If a line is correct, write CORRECT on your Answer Sheet.·If there is an extra word in the line, write the extra word in CAPITAL LETTERS on your Answer Sheet. Marriott International, Inc. has recently made much significant enhancements to its popular Marriott Rewards program. Members can now achieve Elite level41 status faster than ever before and receive their exclusive benefits across all Marriott42 brands that would participate in the program.. Now all Marriott Rewards43 members can request for hotel stay awards just 24 hours before check-in to most44 participating hotels by calling 1-800-450-4442 or visiting marriottrewards. com.45 In addition, they can earn those Silver Elite status and benefits after spending46 just 10 nights per year (previously a 15-hight-stay'was required). With having47 more than 18 million members and 2, 300 participating hotels in 65 countries,48 Marriott Rewards is of the largest and most popular frequent guest program in49 the world. In addition to free hotel stays, members may further redeem Marriott50 Rewards points for more than 300 different reward options, including in theme51 park passes to Disney; spa packages; luxury cruises; Universal Studios and52 Discovery Cove Orlando, and retail merchandise. To enroll in Marriott Rewards, call 1-800-249-0800 or log onto www. marriottrewards. com.

填空题The dictionary definition of negotiation is "to discuss with the goal of finding terms of agreement" . Unfortunately, in our world today, many people will interpret negotiation 41．as being the skill of persuading the other people to accept their point of view. 42．Frequently when a deal is struck to the advantage of one of party and the detriment 43．of the other, seeds of disagreement and retaliation are being sown, which can 44．have unforeseen future results. Negotiation is about both sides contributing 45．to an outcome that they feel they can progress the relationship with. 46．It will almost certainly involve in compromise on both sides. A better way 47．to negotiate with is to find out what the needs of the other person are and 48．try to meet them without losing all sight of your own goals. Do not attribute your 49．motives to other people. Regardless of personal style, where there are some things 50．every negotiator should not do, even before the meeting begins—preparation is 51．the first step. Before starting any negotiation calculating the goals is more essential, 52．including what you are and what you are not prepared to compromise and be flexible on.

填空题explain promise apologize thank admit refuse suggest advise

填空题 The Rag Trade There is one kind of clothes shopper whose selections never leave the bag they come in. They know exactly what they want and they go in and get it, often buying in bulk, and often with little regard for (31) this latest fashion even fits them. These are the fashion investors, and they are out to make money. Once, the only way to profit from fashion as a collectable item was to buy rare, vintage or antique garments (32) mint condition - an expensive business and still (33) which offers relatively risky returns. The modern way has collectors buying more mainstream fashion items that are in the shops now, in (34) knowledge that they will appreciate consider- ably over just a (35) years. The returns on fashion investments are not always massive, although estimates of a four hundred per cent return are (36) uncommon. Certainly they are considerably better than the return offered by a high interest savings account and, (37) those who are experts, better than the stock market. The knowledge necessary for fashion investing means investors invariably work in the fashion industry. They often know (38) is going to catch on before the fashion press does and they know where and through whom products can be bought. They can spot what is disposable high fashion now but will (39) on to become a classic of its time in years to come, worth far more than they laid (40) for it originally.

填空题{{B}}PART TWO{{/B}}{{B}} · Read the following text. · Choose the best sentence from A—H to fill in each of the gaps. · For each gap 9—14, mark one letter A—H. · Do not use any letter more than once.{{/B}} Professor Kumar Bhattacharyya, founder and head of Warwick Manufacturing Group (WMG), and Rob Meakin, a personnel director at Marconi, have developed a partnership to train engineers and managers to become e-literate. The New Knowledge Partnership will immerse a team of 40 Marconi managers in what Professor Bhattacharyya calls electronic engineering management or E2. {{U}}(9) {{/U}}.Professor Bhattacharyya believes that e-commerce is changing the business environment to a huge extent. {{U}}(10) {{/U}}and, in some cases, are actually resisting change. He says that "As long as enough industry leaders realize its potential benefits, e-business will make possible a second productivity revolution in Britain. This could take the economy close to eliminating the still-substantial competitiveness gap with its main rivals. Over the last five years in the US there has been a 30% improvement in manufacturing-sector productivity because of information technology. In Britain we can achieve more than that and successful e-business will be worth billions to the UK economy."Already Britain makes more use of computer-aided design and manufacture (CAD/CAM) and management information-technology systems than other European countries, and has a government that actively promotes e-business. But, observes Professor Bhattacharyya, {{U}}(11) {{/U}}. "The thing about electronic engineering management is that you can keep your legacy systems; you just need to link those systems with an information engine. At the touch of a button it will allow project managers to see the status of a project, identify problems precisely and make virtually immediate decisions based on information that will be much more complete than in the past."The E2 program is the result of an alliance by the Warwick Manufacturing Group with America's leading e-commerce study center, Carnegie Mellon. {{U}}(12) {{/U}}, where the group has half its business. In Britain, Professor Bhattacharyya has linked up with Sun Microsystems, Oracle and Parametric Technology, to set up a multi-million pound E2 design and manufacturing center at the university{{U}} (13) {{/U}}.Professor Bhattacharyya believes that e-commerce is changing business to such an extent that WMG is likely to be renamed Warwick Electronic Manufacturing Group. But, he warns "{{U}} (14) {{/U}}. Although the net allows British industry to overtake their European peers, it also offers Asian countries the chance to leapfrog the West. For the first time it is not the privilege of the western world because this technology is universal."A. the latter will be responsible for training many of the Marconi managers in AmericaB. the move to globalize because of e-commerce is racing aheadC. which will be used for training and researchD. Britain has never used technology as a growth driverE. lout most people don't understand this new technologyF. a wide range of engineering and non-engineering companies has expressed interest in these exciting programsG. many chief executives do not understand the power of the new technologiesH. which is very popular in Britain