填空题Business Phone Etiquette Etiquette is in essence about proper conduct and presenting yourself favorably. Demonstrating good etiquette is important if one seeks to be successful. An area in which this is essential is the business phone call. (9) ... Business people that interact solely over the phone yet never meet still form strong opinions of one another. Practicing good business phone etiquette helps encourage clear lines of communication, build rapport and avoid misunderstandings. Most of us can recollect a phone call that left us feeling frustrated or irritated. How much of this could have been attributed to poor phone etiquette? (10) ... All successful business interaction needs preparation. The phone call is no exception. It is important to know who you are calling, the most convenient time to do so, the reason for your call and what you can do for them. Be structured, short and sharp. If the caller is not known to the receiver, it is important that the purpose of the call and the caller's credentials are established immediately. (11) ... Particularize your intention behind the call. (12) ... Expand upon information and specify the purpose of the call. Pass on information that the receiver will understand, appreciate and find useful. Waffling and speaking generically will lose attention and generally reflect poorly on the caller. (13) ... When speaking to someone you do not know avoid informal speech or personal questions. Once a relationship has been built it is considered polite to enquire about weekends, children or other non-sensitive personal matters. (14) ... If it is imperative that sensitive discussions take place over the phone, business etiquette requires that you confirm with the receiver whether this is appropriate. A. Privacy and security around furtive issues must always be borne in mind on the phone. B. Do not assume the receiver understands why you are calling them and what you expect of them. C. Here we explore a few simple examples of areas within business phone etiquette that should be employed when making or receiving calls. D. You should find they can go a long way in contributing to an improved understanding of how to use the phone effectively in the business world. E. A simple introduction followed by a sentence or two not only shows good phone etiquette but allows the receiver to set the forthcoming information within a context. F. If the caller is rambling, chances are you can't tell what the point is. G. Millions of business phone calls are made every hour and day. H. Good business phone etiquette demands professionalism at all times.

填空题{{B}}The Rag Trade{{/B}} There is one kind of clothes shopper whose selections never leave the bag they come in. They know exactly what they want and they go in and get it, often buying in bulk, and often with little regard for {{U}} {{U}} 1 {{/U}} {{/U}}this latest fashion even fits them. These are the fashion investors, and they are out to make money. Once, the only way to profit from fashion as a collectable item was to buy rare, vintage or antique garments {{U}} {{U}} 2 {{/U}} {{/U}}mint condition - an expensive business and still {{U}} {{U}} 3 {{/U}} {{/U}}which offers relatively risky returns. The modern way has collectors buying more mainstream fashion items that are in the shops now, in {{U}} {{U}} 4 {{/U}} {{/U}}knowledge that they will appreciate consider- ably over just a {{U}} {{U}} 5 {{/U}} {{/U}}years. The returns on fashion investments are not always massive, although estimates of a four hundred per cent return are {{U}} {{U}} 6 {{/U}} {{/U}}uncommon. Certainly they are considerably better than the return offered by a high interest savings account and, {{U}} {{U}} 7 {{/U}} {{/U}}those who are experts, better than the stock market. The knowledge necessary for fashion investing means investors invariably work in the fashion industry. They often know {{U}} {{U}} 8 {{/U}} {{/U}}is going to catch on before the fashion press does and they know where and through whom products can be bought. They can spot what is disposable high fashion now but will {{U}} {{U}} 9 {{/U}} {{/U}}on to become a classic of its time in years to come, worth far more than they laid {{U}} {{U}} 10 {{/U}} {{/U}}for it originally.

填空题Replace the underlined time phrase in each sentence with the phrase from the box that is most similar in meaning. currently in the past sooner or later in the last decade up to now since I was born {{U}}Nowadays{{/U}} people expect their cars to be completely reliable. These days

填空题{{B}}PART TWO{{/B}}{{B}} · Read the following text. · Choose the best sentence from A--H to fill in each of the gaps. · For each gap 9--14, mark one letter A--H · Do not use any letter more than once.{{/B}} Large companies need way to reach the savings of the public. The same problem, on a smaller scale, faces practically every company trying to develop new products and create new jobs. There can be little prospect of raising the money needed from friends and people we know, and{{U}} (9) {{/U}}, they are generally unwilling to provide money on a permanent basis for long term projects.{{U}} (10) {{/U}}, inviting people to lend them money, or take a share in the business in exchange for a share in future profits. They do this by issuing stocks and shares through the stock exchange.{{U}} (11) {{/U}}.When the saver wants to have his money back,{{U}} (12) {{/U}}. Instead, he sells his shares through a stockbroker to some other saver who is seeking to invest his money.Many of the services needed both by industry and by each of us are provided by the Government. Without hospital, roads, electricity, telephone, railways, etc.,{{U}} (13) {{/U}}. All these require continuous spending on new equipment if they are to serve us properly, requiring more money than is raised through taxes alone. The Government and industries therefore frequently need to borrow money to finance major capital spending, and{{U}} (14) {{/U}}.There is hardly a man or woman in the country whose job or whose standard of living does not depend on the ability of his or her employer to raise money to finance new development. In one way or another this new money must come from the savings of the country. The stock exchange exists to provide a channel through which these savings can reach those who need money.A. he goes to the bank and borrows money from itB. they, too, go to the stock exchangeC. it's hard to imagine how to live in the townD. while banks may agree to provide short-term loansE. the country could not functionF. by doing so they can put into use the savings of individuals and institutionsG. so companies turn to the publicH. he does not have to go to the company which has borrowed his money

填空题A Regular European business travellers view travelling on commercial airlines as inefficient and inconvenient~ Mostly it is not the airlines' fault but the infrastructure they have to work with. Private aircraft are being bought primarily not to save money on tickets but to save time. Scheduled flights in Europe cover only 10 per cent of the destinations available. Delays, more likely than not in European travel these days, waste precious time. The number of hours top executives with huge salaries waste has a direct impact on cost-effectiveness.B The gradual completion of Europe's single market means that more and more executives are crisscrossing Europe looking for business. With European domestic air fares extremely high, a corporate jet looks more attractive for executives flying three or four times a month. Even some of Europe's smaller companies are investigating it. However, the larger European airports operate priority regulations which govern slot allocation for take-off and create delays; airlines have first priority, chartered flights come second, air taxis third and business jets are fourth on the list. Smaller airports pose problems of access and a risk of inadequate ground handling.C Most businesses will not discuss their corporate aircraft or even reveal whether the already high-earning chief executive has an aircraft, for fear of shareholder reaction. There is still some stigma attached to ownership of a business jet. With new planes costing anything from $5 million upwards plus extra comforts in the interior, many companies feel they can't justify the expense to shareholders and employees. For some European managers a private jet is seen as an unacceptable perk indicating serious problems in a company's management.D The market for private aircraft divides into two sectors: the no-expense-spared rich man's plaything - the popular image - and the serious business tool owned by corporations. Manufacturers deliver the former as what is called a 'green' aircraft - a plane that is unfinished except for a green corrosive-resistant paint which covers the bare metal. Owners personalise the plane with telephones, dining areas and even cinemas. The latter sector is very different and planes are normally bought with straightforward seating.E Fractional ownership of aircraft has opened up the market, as the low acquisition costs and predictable monthly fees are more palatable to shareholders, and to first-time buyers. Some of the biggest names in the business jet industry have launched their own fractional ownership schemes. Several smaller companies are also getting in on the act and are trying to beat the larger companies down the runway by offering cheaper prices. Yet critics claim that fractional ownership is untested and faces the customer with a wide range of liabilities.

填空题Complete sentences with one of the following words or phrases: if, unless, when, in case

填空题A Letter to the Sole Supplier Dear Supplier, 41. for the raw materials we are buying from you. It is much more higher than what we 42. can afford it. Besides, we find it hard to explain the increased prices to our customers. 43. I believe you won't be feel happy if your price increase puts our organisation out 44. of business and thus deprives you of an important customer. 45. We continue to feel that your supply would interest our customers, but we would 46. like to ask you to consider on making a concession in price to make this possible. To 47. meet the demands of our budget, we are able to accept a price increase of no more 48. than 5%. However, if you insist on your rate of increase number, we are going to put 49. extraordinary efforts into finding alternatives to you. In some other words, 50. your currently short-term profit will harm our long-term relationship. 51. I hope you understand our position and that you will consider accepting our proposal. 52. Thank you for considering on my request. I look forward to hearing from you. Yours faithfully,

填空题·Read the article below about coherence.·For each question 31—40 write one word in the space on your Answer Sheet. {{B}}Coherence{{/B}}Coherence determines whether a speech is logical and thus makes sense. The speaker must make{{U}} (31) {{/U}}that his utterances and paragraphs are presented in a logical sequence se that his thoughts and ideas are readily acceptable. A speech may be compared{{U}} (32) {{/U}}a freight train. The locomotive is the thematic statement in a speech that gives the train (speech) its direction. Each car is an utterance in a paragraph or a paragraph in a speech that must follow the{{U}} (33) {{/U}}of the train, for it must go where the locomotive goes. It is couplings that hold the cars together, ensuring that all the cars will arrive at same destination as the locomotive.{{U}} (34) {{/U}}; the same way, a speaker must supply the links between the utterances and paragraphs to give his listeners a directional signal to indicate{{U}} (35) {{/U}}is to follow and how it{{U}} (36) {{/U}}to what is preceded.Since transmitting ideas orally requires attention to the perceived coherence pf speaker's message, the audience do not have the luxury of going back{{U}} (37) {{/U}}his points as they do in reading an essay; nor do they have punctuations the help them{{U}} (38) {{/U}}one idea from another. Hence, speakers use signposts in the form of carefully worded phrases and sentences to help listeners{{U}} (39) {{/U}}the movement of ideas within a speech and perceive the overall message structure. Summaries are{{U}} (40) {{/U}}signposts in ensuring that listeners are able to see the overall structure: preliminary and final summaries are especially helpful in laying our or pulling together the major divisions of the speech.

填空题· Read this text taken from an article on theories of management,· Choose the best sentence from the opposite page to fill each of the gaps.· For each gap 9-14, mark one letter (A-H) on your Answer Sheet.· Do not use any letter more than once.· There is an example at the beginning (O). {{B}} Don't follow that theory - think for yourself!{{/B}}In the 1990s, according to US author Eileen Shapiro, managers have abandoned the right to manage. She argues that managers in the USA have lost confidence.{{U}} (0) H {{/U}}She describes a corporate culture which is extremely defensive and which has as its motto 'Managers should always follow the latest short-lived management theory, no matter how irrelevant it may be'.{{U}} (9) {{/U}}In turn, these have been followed blindly by managers who have given up their central responsibility - taking decisions about their own business in their own particular circumstances. "I really believe a manager's job is to manage", she says. But increasingly, she feels, they do everything but that. {{U}} (10) {{/U}}That's because this, the identification of problems and opportunities, is the scariest part of management. Managers try to avoid the anxiety it brings by simply applying the latest theory to any problem.{{U}} (11) {{/U}}Managers should, she believes, confront these head-on.It is not that Ms Shapiro does not believe in cutting out unnecessary management layers and opening up organisations. Her criticism is that theories are often presented unthinkingly as solutions and are applied by managers who do not really understand what they are saying."Theories are often regarded as if they are some sort of miraculous cure for any type of problem", she says. "However, many projects have failed because theories have been applied which were not appropriate to the situation."{{U}} (12) {{/U}}The blame for this inappropriate application of theories lies, she claims, mainly at the door of consultancy firms. It is difficult for big firms of consultants to specialise sufficiently. They cannot hope to offer exactly the service that a company requires at a price which the client is able to afford.{{U}} (13) {{/U}}This is worse than having no help at all.One of the most serious potential consequences of following theories without considering whether they are appropriate or not is a loss of staff morale and motivation. Obviously, this is something to be avoided.{{U}} (14) {{/U}}However, Ms Shapiro believes that, unfortunately, unless managers begin again to take responsibility for their own actions that is exactly what will happen.A. They therefore end up developing generalised solutions which are offered to clients regardless of an organisation's specific problems.B. There are many firms of consultants offering help to companies.C. No manager in their right mind would want to work with an angry, cynical or alienated workforce.D. Just because a course of action has succeeded in one context, it does not mean it will be right in other circumstances.E. From 'mission statements' to 're-engineering' she shows how one theory has replaced another in quick succession.F. But in doing so, they often fail to address the real issues.G. They fail to tackle the central management task, which is diagnosis.H. They therefore no longer have the courage or the ability to take responsibility for their decisions.

填空题social

填空题Ships that mainly take passengers are called {{U}} {{U}} 1 {{/U}} {{/U}}liners/passenger cargoes/tramps/, and ships that carry bulk cargoes are called {{U}} {{U}} 2 {{/U}} {{/U}}container /vessels/liners /tankers/. Exporters can {{U}} {{U}} 3 {{/U}} {{/U}}consign/charter/transfer/vessels on the ship {{U}} {{U}} 4 {{/U}} {{/U}}Exchange/Stock Exchange/Baltic Exchange/, and a {{U}} {{U}} 5 {{/U}} {{/U}}shipbroker/stockbroker/commodity broker/will handle the deal. The contract between the ship-owner and exporter is called a {{U}} {{U}} 6 {{/U}} {{/U}}charter party/chartering party/chartered party/, if the vessel is only making one trip from, say, Hamburg to Jakarta, the contract will be for a {{U}} {{U}} 7 {{/U}} {{/U}}mixed charter/a time charter/a voyage charter/. But whether chartering or not, the consignor will have to complete a {{U}} {{U}} 8 {{/U}} {{/U}}bill of loading/ bill of lading/bill of exchange/giving details of the shipment. This document is a document of title and if made 'to order' is {{U}} {{U}} 9 {{/U}} {{/U}}negotiable/non-negotiable/acceptable/. It can only be signed by the captain of the vessel who states whether the bill is clean or dirty. If the bill is dirty it means the goods {{U}} {{U}} 10 {{/U}} {{/U}}have something wrong with them/have nothing wrong with them/have not been taken on board/. If the bill is clean, the shipping company will {{U}} {{U}} 11 {{/U}} {{/U}}take complete responsibility under any conditions/responsibility under certain conditions/take no responsibility under any conditions/. In container shipments a combined container bill of lading is used and this {{U}} {{U}} 12 {{/U}} {{/U}}allows transshipment/does not allow transshipment/allows a rebate/.

填空题 Employment with Kinson plc Staff Support Advisers required We are a newly-formed division of Kinson plc, one of the UK's largest quoted companies, and provide business customers (31) solutions that combine leading-edge e-commerce technology and an integrated nationwide customer support network. The formation of this new division has created a number of exciting and challenging roles within the call centres of two (32) our seven sites. We have vacancies (33) Staff Support Advisers. Working closely with the Business Managers, your job will (34) to gear the business up for the challenges ahead by implementing a programme of radical change. When completed, this programme will enable the management team to use our people resources more effectively, and (35) so doing facilitate the implementation of our company's business plan. You will be involved in all aspects of human resources activity, including providing advice and guidance to your business partners and policy development, in (36) to implementing any training and development initiatives the company may launch from time to time. We are looking for talented individuals (37) good generalist grounding has been gained in a customer services or customer-focused environment where your flair and ideas (38) currently being underused. You must be able to influence business decisions from a human resources perspective and create innovative solutions. You should also be a resilient, adaptable team player, as (39) as having a track record of coaching others. In return, an excellent salary and benefits package is (40) often The successful applicant will have the advantage of outstanding opportunities for personal development and advancement.

填空题This sentence is grammatically incorrect: 'I'd like to {{U}}talk you{{/U}} about my experience'. Instead, we can either say 'I'd like to {{U}}talk about{{/U}}...' or 'I'd like to {{U}}talk to you{{/U}} about...' or 'I'd like to {{U}}tell you{{/U}} about...'. Correct the following sentences. I need to talk my manager about that. talk to my manager

填空题41. Developments in the "suppliers" environment can have a substantial effect on42. the company's marketing operations. Marketing managers need to watch at price trends43. of their key outputs. Rising costs of sugar or cocoa may be force Hershey to raise its44. prices or shrink its candy-bar sizes, neither step probably hurting Hershey's45. sales. Marketing managers are equally concerned with supply availability. In supply46. shortages, labor strikes, and other events can prevent with fulfilling delivery promises47. and lose sales in the short run and damage customer goodwill in the long run.48. Many companies prefer to buy multiple sources to avoid being depending from a49. single supplier who might raise prices or limit supply. Company purchasing agents50. try to build long term on relationships with key suppliers. In times of shortage,51. purchasing agents find that they have to "market" their company to suppliers52. in order to obtain his preferential supplies.

填空题· Read the article below about consumers' attitudes to goods described as 'premium'.· Choose the best sentence from the opposite page to fill each of the gaps.· For each gap (9-14), mark one letter (A-H) on your Answer Sheet.· Do not use any letter more than once. {{B}} Shoppers wary of 'premium' goods{{/B}} One of the marketing industry's favourite terms is 'premium' - usually taken to mean 'luxury' or 'top quality'. The ideal is to create a premium car, wristwatch or perfume - something that appears to transcend the ordinary. When they succeed, marketers are able to charge high prices for the resulting product. However, manufacturers should take note of a recent survey of shoppers' attitudes to so-called premium goods. {{U}}(9) {{/U}} In fact, the tag seems to have become devalued by overuse. Consumers of all socio-economic backgrounds are very keen to buy the best - but not all product categories lend themselves to a premium status. 'Premium' can be used in any category where image is paramount, and that includes cars, toiletries, clothes and electronics. {{U}}(10) {{/U}} Banking and insurance are typical of this second group. More than 70 per cent of consumers interviewed in the survey said that a premium tag on everyday items such as coffee or soap is an excuse to charge extra for products that don't always have extra benefits. {{U}}(11) {{/U}} The prevalence of such a suspicious attitude makes life hard for the marketers. While the word 'luxury' had a clear and definable meaning among respondents - most related it to cars - 'premium' was found to be harder to define. Oddly, the only category apart from cars where 'premium' was understood to mean something specific was bread. {{U}}(12) {{/U}} Several respondents said they would never pay much for a standard sliced loaf but on special occasions would happily pay double for something that qualifies as a treat. Packaging was found to be an important factor in charging extra for premium products, with sophisticated design enabling toiletries, electronics or food items to sell for far more. Shoppers are willing to pay extra for something that has had thought put into its outward appearance. {{U}}(13) {{/U}} Yet the knowledge has no impact on their choice. The profit margin on premium-priced toiletries and beauty items can be as much as 300--400 per cent - and in excess of 500 per cent for hi-fi and other electronic goods. {{U}}(14) {{/U}} In a crowded marketplace such as cars or mobiles, it's far more difficult to achieve this transformation than you might think. A The term is less effective, however, in areas where style and fashion play a smaller role.B The product hidden behind this attractive exterior may be exactly the same as an item selling for half the price, and shoppers may be quite aware of this.C The results suggest that the term 'premium' means very little to consumers.D A fifth of them went further, and dismissed the very word as simply a way of loading prices.E It follows that price and utility are not the only factors in play when it comes to purchasing decisions.F With such an incentive, the challenge for marketers is to find the triggers that can turn an ordinary product into something consumers will accept as premium.G The survey found that consumers were prepared to pay top prices for speciality items, just as long as prices for everyday products remained low.H When they succeed, marketers are able to charge high prices for the resulting product.

填空题 Protecting the corporate memory Many companies risk losing expertise through job cuts. But by analysing how staff interact, they may be able to minimise the damage. Many staff have knowledge which is essential to their company. So what can businesses do to avoid losing that expertise when staff leave, and to dissuade employees from keeping their knowledge to themselves in the face of possible job cuts? First, they need to recognise the problem. A downturn in the economy exposes many companies' lack of commitment to understanding and using their people's knowledge. When companies feel they're in a crisis, it is one of the things that goes by the board. Unless, that is, they've made it a routine or suffered because of losing knowledge in the past. Next, any attempt to stop knowledge walking out of the door must be handled sensitively. (9) Employees would be extremely cynical and see it as an attempt to extract their unique knowledge, which they believe gives them job security. Strong incentives are needed to coax people into divulging their expertise when being dismissed. (10) At first sight, this might seem excessive, but the disadvantages should be weighed against the benefits. Of course, not all knowledge can be captured by the organisation and turned into a process. (11) To find out who these 'knowledge hotspots' are, companies need to question their staff and analyse their social networks. Companies shouldn't ask employees what they know, but who they would ask if they wanted to know about different subjects. (12) And, more importantly, the process reveals the others who always know somebody who knows. The latter can be high on the list for redundancy because managers are unsure what they do, or because they appear to be weak performers. (13) People like this are often not ambitious but they can hold a company together. The most valuable knowledge is often not possessed by the people who seem to be star performers. If those at the centre of knowledge networks come to be seen as the most valuable people, those who keep their knowledge to themselves will look vulnerable when downsizing is deemed necessary. (14) In such companies, the incentive to share knowledge should be even greater when jobs are under threat. For some companies, it may be too late to salvage important knowledge. Building a culture where knowledge is understood, valued and shared can take a long time. Now may be the time to prepare for the next downturn.A. Organisations that reward people for sharing knowledge will know who falls into each of these two opposing categories.B. This approach enables them to identify those with a limited number of network relationships.C. Launching a knowledge-sharing initiative at a time when people are expecting redundancies would not be a good idea.D. This provides evidence of the risk that such a policy will meet resistance. Because of the difficulty of achieving this, it is far better not to lose the valuable sources of knowledge at all. But a 'knowledge mapping' exercise might reveal that they play a critical role as mentors to the rest of the team.G. The price may be an increase in their redundancy package, provision of career counselling, or an agreement to hire them back as consultants.H. When companies feel they're in a crisis, it is one of the things that goes by the boar

填空题· Read this text taken from an article about using wind to generate power.· Choose the best sentence from the opposite page to fill each of the gaps.· For each gap 9-14, mark one letter (A-H) on your Answer Sheet.· Do not mark any letter more than once. {{B}} Using wind to generate energy{{/B}}Using the wind to generate energy is often considered unfeasible. In Great Britain, however, wind power is no longer a subject for cranks and dreamers.{{U}} (0)H {{/U}}The wind now generates enough electricity to supply 250,000 people. Power companies are investing heavily in the business and windmills are becoming a common sight.{{U}} (9) {{/U}}Even though wind power is clean and does not produce any greenhouse gases, pressure groups are determined to prevent its spread.The National Wind Power Company wants to develop a huge wind farm on the top of Flaight Hill, an extremely beautiful area of Northern England. If they are given the go-ahead, the company will erect 44 rotors there.{{U}} (10) {{/U}}They complain that the 60 metre turbines will spoil one of Britain's last remaining areas of natural beauty. They say that this is totally unacceptable.{{U}} (11) {{/U}}They say that because the turbines are usually seen from some way away, their size would not be noticed because of the scale of the countryside. The idea that wind farms ruin rural areas is not accepted by the British Wind Energy Association. The only problem is that people haven't got used to them yet.{{U}} (12) {{/U}}They also claim that using the wind is an essential element in attempts to reduce pollution. And this is not all. {{U}} (13) {{/U}}To support this, they point to statistics which show that 51 per cent of the power generated by wind turbines can be extracted, compared with about 30 per cent of that generated by coal-fired power stations.The government is keen to boost the amount of electricity generated by renewable energy sources. In 1994, renewables, including the wind, produced just 2 per cent of Britain's electricity, compared with almost half from coal-powered stations. In future, the government would like to see at least 10 per cent of the nation's power coming from the wind.{{U}} (14) {{/U}}This, however, would cover up to 1,250 square miles of countryside. One answer is to locate some of them at sea. It is estimated that as much as 20 per cent of Britain's energy needs could be supplied by, offshore wind turbines by the year 2025.A. Local residents are determined to fight this plan.B. They also dismiss claims that wind technology is inefficient.C. However, this development has not been universally welcomed.D. To achieve this, some 40,000 300-kilowatt turbines would be needed.E. In a press release they state that the countryside is always changing and they deny that wind machines look ugly.F. Recent research, however, has indicated some new problems.G. Such allegations are dismissed out of hand by the company.H. It is now regarded as an important and economically viable source of energy.

填空题{{B}}PART THREE{{/B}}{{B}} ·Read the following text. ·Each question has four suggested answers or ways of finishing the sentence, A, B, C and D. ·Mark one letter A, B, C or D for the answer you choose.{{/B}} What makes a leader? That's the question star headhunter Thomas J. Neff and James M.Citrin try to answer in their recent book, "Lessons from the Top: The Search for America's Best Business Leaders".The six principles shared by top business leaders and discussed in the book are: Living with integrity, developing a winning strategy or "big idea", building a great management team, inspiring employees to greatness, creating a flexible and responsible organization and using reinforcing management systems.Citrin and Neff elaborated on the six principles in a recent Business Week interview. The most important one for business leaders is passion about what they are doing. "The leaders we interviewed for the book loved to talk about their jobs.""Also, the high-level jobs today are so enormously demanding that successful executives must have a high energy level. They work an average of 65 hours per week. When the passion and drive ebb, that's when you know it's time for that person to move on," said Neff.Top leaders are clear thinkers. They are focused, know where they are heading, and are able to communicate with a wide audience.Today's successful leaders know more about the team approach than did their predecessors. "It wasn't too many fears ago that the dictatorial approach, the command-and-control management style, was accepted. Today, it's more about Working through people, being more of a leader and empowering other executives on the team to carry out the mission," said Neff.Citrin and Neff are not pretending to be sociologists, but it is clear that the dynamics of the labor market have given more power to talented employees. People in an organization often have the exact same information at about the same time as a person at the top. So no more can one take for granted that information is power.People often say it is difficult to create a good balance between work and family. Some feel you can be successful in work or with your family, but not both. But the reality seems to be that a strong family life and success on the home front actually contribute to professional success. Many of the CEOs interviewed by Citrin talk about the role their spouses play in their success. Of the 50 interviewed in the work, 42 are still married to their original spouse—a sharp contrast with the national divorce rate in the United States.

填空题IPR