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填空题WHAT EMPLOYEES SAY THEY WANT Employees say one thing and do another, a recent UK-based report claims. (0) H Addressing these problems is especially important when there are skills shortages, and companies are trying hard to retain the workers they have. According to the report, there is a consistent discrepancy between what really attracts staff and keeps them, and what they say are priorities. The report found that, although there are differences in preferences, depending on age, home country and gender, all age groups say they rate the work/life balance as an extremely important consideration for staying with their particular company. (9) This is followed by job security and financial rewards. However, despite their proclamations about wanting a work/life balance, it was established that this does not have a positive effect on retention for any subgroup. Similarly, people profess to identify more closely with a company which has a clear strategy for success, but in fact that does not result in improved retention either. (10) Another finding was that it is the high-flyers in a company who are most likely to be ungrateful and leave. This is despite the fact that they are more likely to attract fast-track promotion, career development, training and financial rewards, which should be the glue to keep them loyal. (11) All this makes life difficult for managers. (12) This is because they have to spend as much time creating an employment brand that attracts the best talent as they do in creating a consumer brand that builds customer loyalty. That is all the more important for major companies, who, increasingly these days, are no longer viewed as the employer of choice by top graduates. (13) This involves both corporate attitudes and individual encouragement. At corporate level, there is a need for a clear and convincing strategy for the business, and an innovative environment low in bureaucracy. One level down from that, there should be tasks that interest and challenge employees, and sharpen their skills. At individual level, profit-related bonuses go clown well. (14) Above all, companies should remember that since the requirements are different for the young, middle-aged and elderly, as well as for men and women, the package has to be enticing to the right target age and gender. A Top executives find that they can no longer delegate personnel matters. B That is possibly because they are most likely to find other jobs. C What the report did conclude though, was that money, especially performance-related pay, does increase commitment, as do share options and profit-sharing. D In addition, companies need to motivate key people with appropriate recognition and by giving them what they actually want, rather than just relying on an attractive basic salary, which can easily be matched by any other employer. E Moreover, when it comes to choosing a job, women rate it even more highly than men. F As a result, the report concludes that focusing on the top performers can be counterproductive because it can cause underdevelopment, underutilization and demotivation of the rest of the workforce. G The report reckons that in order to change this situation, a two-stage policy is required. H This will come as no surprise to anyone involved with market research, but it is causing problems for employers trying to recruit staff.

填空题· For each extract, there are two tasks. For Task One, choose the business they are running from th Task One—Business · For questions 13-17, match the extracts with the business types, listed A-H. · For each extract, choose the business type stated. · Write one letter (A-H) next to the number extract. A offering professional suggestion. B presenting seminars and motivational presentations for the young C networking CEOs in different area D working in big company P&G E health improvement service F running a juice bar G selling garage products H real estate & mortgage lending

填空题its being return or replacement.

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填空题reasonable approve workable frequent efficient written fair comfortable equal convenient impressive credible trust welcome advisable believe restricted security changeable credit

填空题·Read the article below about successful e-mail negotiation.·Choose the best sentence from the opposite page to fill each of the gaps.·For each gap 9-14, mark one letter (A-H) on your Answer Sheet.·Do not use any letter more than once. Successful E-mail NegotiationGiven that you are involved in a negotiation that must proceed via information technology, how can you best achieve your goals? The following prescriptions are important. Most people overestimate the ability of other people to make sense out of what they mean. People have a hard enough time deciphering our messages in face-to-face interactions; accuracy decreases dramatically in e-mail exchanges. Many people assume that longer means clearer. It does not. People have a slant attention span and often dislike long e-mail messages, or perhaps even stop reading them if they began to fall off of the screen. Must people are capable of only retaining seven, plus-or-minus two, ideas in their head at any one 6rae. As a general rule of thumb, most e- mail messages should fit on a single screen. Screen loading, or the tendency to write very long message can lead to annoyance on the part of the recipient, especially if be or she is busy. Negotiations are more productive when the parties exchange a greater number of shorter e-mails, rather than fewer, but longer e-malls.{{U}} (9) {{/U}}This also builds reciprocity in exchange. The asynchronous nature of e-mail provides people with the dubious luxury of not having to immediately receive of respond to e-mail messages. However, the sender of e-mail messages often expects a timely response. Not responding to e-mail may be perceived as rejection and disinterest. Further, newer forms of software allow senders to ascertain whether the recipient has read their e-mail. Failure to provide a timely response to e-mall is akin to giving the "silent treatment" to someone.{{U}} (10) {{/U}}. Meta-communication is communication about communication. This boils down to people talking about how they should communicate.{{U}} (11) {{/U}}In any electronic communication, it is important to let team members know how often you check your e-mail, whether you or someone else reads and responds to your e-mail, and whether you forward your e-mail to others. Flaming refers to the insults, criticisms, and character assassinations that people hurl over e-mail. Flaming remarks make fun of grammar, include labeling and accusations, character attack, backhanded compliments, and blunt statements.{{U}} (12) {{/U}}. In contrast, face-to-face groups have mechanisms and norms, such as conformity pressure, that largely prevent flaming. People react to each other with less politeness, empathy or inhibition if they cannot sense the other's social presence.{{U}} (13) {{/U}}. There is more uncertainty, doubt, and ambiguity in electronic mail exchanges.{{U}} (14) {{/U}}.As a consequence, people become frustrated and seek to control the exchange by issuing threats, e.g. "I am not going to read my e-mail again". Along lines, do nut chastise or deliver negative feedback via e-mail; face-to-face or telephone communication is more appropriate.A Such and other negative interpersonal behaviors often stem from feelings of isolation.B This stems from the asynchronous nature of communication.C Increasing the rate of e-mail exchange prevents misunderstanding because misperceptions can be quickly rectified.D This will result in the failure of communication.E Suspicion and hostility increase as the communication between parties diminishes.F Negotiators are much more likely to issue threats when communicating via information technology.G Most people overestimate the ability of other people to make sense out of what they mean.H This is of critical importance in electronic interaction because the norms of mm taking and conversation are not clear.

填空题· For each extract, there are two tasks. For Task One, choose the cause of the trouble from the list A-H. For Task Two, choose the solutions they applied from the list A-H. Task One—Cause of Trouble · For questions 13-17, match the extracts with the business trouble, listed A-H. · For each extract, choose the cause of trouble stated. · Write one letter (A-H) next to the number extract. A weak sales performance B tight financial budget to offer discounts to buyers C low-cost of new medium D big mistakes in business analysis E the popularity of Internet F illegal operation of the company G imbalance between work and customers responsibilities H indifferent customers

填空题　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　{{B}}What Is a Trademark?{{/B}}There are several types of company and product identifications. The trademark, also called a brand name, is the name by which people can speak of the product. Very often a trademark will include some pictorial or design element. If it does, the combination is called a logotype (or simply a logo).Trademarks are proper terms that identify the products and services of a business and distinguish them from products and services of others. Specially, a trademark is a word, design, or combination used by a company to identify its brand and to distinguish it from others, and it may be registered and protected by law.{{U}} {{U}} 1 {{/U}} {{/U}}. Trademarks can also be termed service marks when used to identify a service. In general, a trademark for goods appears on the product or its packaging, and a service mark is used in advertising to identify the services.The logo design is an extremely important element in the successful marketing of a product. It is difficult to sell a product until a reasonable level of name recognition is achieved among the consumers.{{U}} {{U}} 2 {{/U}} {{/U}}. Most designers attempt to forge a compatible relationship among the package design, logo, and advertising for the product. A strong logo on the package and in product advertising creates an environment of recognition. Clearly, the most successful packages are those that combine an intriguing design scheme with a provocative logotype.{{U}} {{U}} 3 {{/U}} {{/U}}. After all, when pushing a shopping cart down a supermarket aisle, the consumer's first images will be recognizable brand names. Trademarks should not be confused with trade names, which are corporate or business names. General Motors, for example, is the trade name of a company making automobiles whose trademark (not trade name) is Buick. The terms trademark and trade name are often confused.{{U}} {{U}} 4 {{/U}} {{/U}}. Trade names can be used in the possessive form and do not require a generic form. Many companies, however, use their trade names as trademarks. For example, Reebok International Ltd. is the corporate name, and Reebok may be used as a trade name, as "Reebok's newest line of athletic shoes is for children. "{{U}} {{U}} 5 {{/U}} {{/U}}. Some personal names (as with product names) may sound the same but may have different spellings--Sherry, Sherri, or even Cheri. Or they may simply be very familiar names--Jennifer, Jane, Susan, Emily--or dearly distinctive, like Ruhanna. Yet, distinctive may appear difficult to read or pronounce.{{U}} {{U}} 6 {{/U}} {{/U}}. They want names that can easily become familiar to consumers, yet be easy to read and pronounce and be memorable.A. What we mean is a logo that is distinctive enough if it is extracted from the package will still project the visual personality of the product. B. Trade names are proper nouns.C. In fact, the creation of a logo is so important that a number of firms have been established whose primary function is the design of logos, packages, and corporate identity.D. General Electric has a simple procedure for developing trademarks for its brands.E. Companies and products have a similar problem.F. Reebok also is used as a trademark: "Are you wearing Reebok athletic shoes or another brand?"G. Trademark formats can include letters, numbers, slogans, geometric shapes, pictures, labels, colour combinations, product and container shapes, vehicles, clothing, and even sound.

填空题help to pack purchases, and change paper till rolls as being necessary.

填空题A In order to maintain a statistical measure of the quantity of goods shipped abroad and to provide a means of determining whether regulations are being met, most countries require shipments abroad to be accompanied by an export declaration. Usually such a declaration, presented at the port of exit, includes the names and addresses of the principals involved, the destination of the goods, a full description of the goods, and their declared value, When manufacturers are exporting from the United States, Customs and the Department of Commerce require an export declaration for all shipments. If specific licenses are required to ship a particular commodity, the export license must be presented with the export declaration for proper certification. It thus serves as the principal means of control for regulatory agencies of the U.S. government. B In exporting, the bill that the exporter or consignor sends to the importer or consignee is called a commercial invoice. This invoice lists full particulars of the shipment. The marks, the number of packages, an accurate packing list, and a full description of the merchandise should appear on the commercial invoice. It should state the name of the ship (if ocean transportation is used), the name and address of the consignee, the contract number, the code word for the contract if one is used, the price per unit of the merchandise, and the total price of the shipment. The commercial invoice should also show the nature of the price quotation, whether the merchandise is sold FOB factory, FAS vessel, or CIF port of destination. C Another essential shipping document for shipments to some countries is the consular .invoice. This is a document obtained by the exporter in his or her country from the governmental representative of the importer's country. It was originally designed to help ensure that fair market values would be listed on the invoices prepared by the exporter. Thus the exporter must prepare and have certified before the foreign consul or representative a document containing all essential details of the sale. After certification the document is forwarded to the buyer for presentation to customs with the customs declaration, ostensibly for use in determining the amount of tariff to be levied. In recent years, a number of countries including the United States and the Philippines, have eliminated the requirement for the consular invoice. But where they are still required, they must be provided. D The packing list is sometimes shown on the commercial invoice, or it may be a separate document, depending on the number of packages and the. complexity of the list. It should contain, item by item, the contents of cases or containers in a shipment., The items should be listed separately with their weight and description set forth so as to make a complete check of the contents of each package possible upon arrival at the port of destination or the customs office. This information is also useful for the consignee. Any variation in description from the commercial invoice or consular invoice usually subjects the consignee to large fines, which are then passed on to the exporter. E These include a wide variety of special inspection certificates issued by various authorities and may be required by the importer to meet his or her own or government requirements. These documents certify as to purity and absence of disease, and are issued to cover food products, plants, seeds, and live animals. Frequently, they must be legalized by the consular representative of the importing country. Food products are those for which sanitary certificates are most often required. Special certificates are also issued for certain types of merchandise, to certify a required composition or the existence of specific ingredients. Some types of steel, for example, are sold on analysis. Certain chemical mixtures must be analyzed and certified with respect to the presence of desired constituents.

填空题 · In most of the lines (41-52) there is one extra word. It is either grammatically incorrect or does not fit in with the sense of the text. Some lines, however, are correct. · If a line is correct, write CORRECT on your Answer Sheet. · If there is an extra word in the line, write the extra word in CAPITAL LETTERS on your Answer Sheet. Special Products Co.—How to Order {{U}} {{U}} 1 {{/U}} {{/U}}Ordering is easy and delivery fast. Once received, your order will {{U}} {{U}} 2 {{/U}} {{/U}}normally be dispatched within 72 hours. We will inform to you {{U}} {{U}} 3 {{/U}} {{/U}}immediately should any items be out of stock. If you are not happy {{U}} {{U}} 4 {{/U}} {{/U}}with your purchases please return them to us within the 15 days in their {{U}} {{U}} 5 {{/U}} {{/U}}original packaging and we will refund you for in full. Quality is our main {{U}} {{U}} 6 {{/U}} {{/U}}criterion. Each item is under unconditionally guaranteed for 6 months. {{U}} {{U}} 7 {{/U}} {{/U}}You will receive a receipt and with your order which is your guarantee. {{U}} {{U}} 8 {{/U}} {{/U}}In the unlikely event of damage to an item during delivery, should please {{U}} {{U}} 9 {{/U}} {{/U}}contact with us immediately on 0371 3118 1772 and we will arrange for {{U}} {{U}} 10 {{/U}} {{/U}}its return or replacement. All prices and promotional offers are valid until {{U}} {{U}} 11 {{/U}} {{/U}}30th September. Since the stock of some popular commodities is not large {{U}} {{U}} 12 {{/U}} {{/U}}enough so please not hesitate and order from us without any delay.

填空题those industries to implement their decisions. They also decide who will get the bread and where the cars that are produced. Individuals cannot own factors of production nor even employ other workers for wages. The WHAT, HOW, and FOR WHOM outcomes are all directed by the central government.

填空题BUSINESS SCHOOLS HAVE THE EDGE Business schools are facing increasing competition from other providers of management training such as consultancies. The key to their future success as manager-trainers lies in the quality both of their research and of their partnership with the business world. In the most general sense, being a good manager is a matter of being marginally better than and different from your competitors. (0) H These are the elements which make the difference between a successful and a less successful manager. This marginal edge may be based on talent, flair or natural leadership. (9) And this is where business schools come into their own. The education of managers should include on-the-job training, workshops, conferences and training courses. (10) Traditionally, business schools have three major differentiating characteristics. First, they offer a complete package ranging from basic to very sophisticated training. Next, they enable managers to benefit from the research they carry out. (11) In contrast to other providers of management education, business schools often offer a complete portfolio of educational programmes. MBA programmes exist alongside general management programmes, as well as specialized programmes for experienced managers. For the business school, this has the advantage that teachers can use the information they get from one programme to cross-fertilize with their teaching on another. (12) This in turn offers substantial advantages to the companies concerned. It means that managers and executives at different levels of the organization can be confronted with the same concepts, expressed in the same language. In this way, a close partnership with a business school enables a company to create some coherence between the education and the development of its different management levels. People in the company will communicate more effctively because they use the same terminology. (13) In short, thanks to contact with the business school, more people within the same company will be embracing similar ideas. Obviously, the value of these concepts to the company increases if they are state-of-the-art concepts. (14) Only then can the company genuinely improve its management practice and competitive performance. Working with a business school is for many companies a privileged method of accessing the latest management thinking, before it is published in trade journals or popular books. A Different departments will be able to discuss internal issues with a considerable amount of mutual understanding. B Yet good management is also essential to the competitive performance of companies. C And no less important, they are able to preserve an independent outlook towards the world of business. D However, acquired knowledge of management can also provide this decisive advantage. E For them in fact to be so, a business school's teaching must be supported by first-class research. F Thus insights gained from top executives might impact positively on what they cover in a graduate programme. G Business schools have a special role to fulfill in the delivery of this portfolio. H He or she needs to be a little faster, able to spot opportunities earlier and react more quickly.