填空题{{B}}PART ONE{{/B}} ·Look at the statements below and the five extracts about companies. ·Which extract (A, B, C, D or E) does each statement (1-8) refer to? ·For each statement (1-8), mark one letter (A, B, C, D or E) on your Answer Sheet. ·You will need to use some of these letters more than once. A Separate Legal Entity A unique feature of a company is that, no matter how many individuals have bought shares in it, it is treated in its dealings with the outside world as if it was a person in its own right. It is said to be a separate legal entity. Just as the law can create this separate legal person, the law also can eliminate it, but its existence can only be terminated by using the proper legal procedures. Thus, the identity of the shareholders in a large concern may be changing constantly as shares are bought and sold by different people. On the other hand, a small private company may have the same shareholders from the date it is incorporated (the day it legally came into being), until the date when liquidation is completed (the cessation of the company, often known as "winding up" or being "wound up"). A prime example of its identity as a separate legal entity is that it may sue its own shareholders, or in turn be sued by them. B Limited Liability Most companies are "limited" companies. This means that any shareholder who has paid for the share(s) which he has bought cannot be forced to pay more money into the company if, for example, it is making losses or has gone into liquidation. Thus, the maximum amount of money any shareholder can lose by investing in a company is the amount he has invested. Unlike in sole traders or partnerships a shareholder in a limited company cannot be forced to sell his own property to pay the debts of the business. If a shareholder has not paid in full for the shares he has agreed to buy, he can be forced to pay the balance owing on the shares. Once he has paid that amount he cannot be forced to pay any further amount. Thus, his liability is limited. C Company Directors The day-to-day management of a company is not carried out by the shareholders. Shareholders can normally attend, and vote at, general meetings of their company. At one of these meetings the shareholders will vote for directors, the people to whom the running of the company is entrusted. At each Annual General Meeting (AGM) the directors have to report to the shareholders. They write a directors' report and this is accompanied by a set of final accounts for the year. If there is a change in the directors of a company, for example, a new director being appointed or an existing director resigning, this change must be notified to the Companies Office within fourteen days of the change. The board of directors (usually known simply as "the board") is the term used to mean all of the directors. D The Company Secretary The company secretary must, among other things, attend all board meetings, consult with the chief executive on the agenda and keep a record of the minutes of board meetings and general meetings of the shareholders. It is normally the company secretary who makes returns to the Companies Office including notifying the Registrar of changes in the company's board, auditors, registered office etc. The company secretary is usually an individual although many companies pay firms of accountants to undertake this role. E Share Capital and Dividends A shareholder in a limited company obtains his reward for investing in the form of a share of the profits made by the company, known as a dividend. The directors decide how much of the profits is to be retained in the company and used for expansion. Out of the remaining profits they propose the payment of a certain amount of dividend. The shareholders cannot propose a dividend for themselves higher than that already proposed by the directors. They can, however, propose that a lesser dividend should be paid, although this action is very rare. If the directors propose that no dividend should be paid, then the shareholders are powerless to alter the decision. The decision by the directors as to the amount proposed as dividends is a very complex one and such matters as the effect of taxation, the availability of bank balances to pay the dividends, the possibility of take-over bids and so on will all be taken into consideration.

填空题{{B}}PART FIVE{{/B}}{{B}} · Read the following text. · For each question 31—40, write one word.{{/B}} The new Manufacturing Partners program aims to improve teachers' understanding of manufacturing{{U}} (31) {{/U}}inviting 2,000 teachers to take part{{U}} (32) {{/U}}factory visit. It will not be just one-way traffic, however; about 500 manufacturing employees are also invited to visit schools each year to improve their awareness of modern schools.Peter Davies, Program Director, believes employers will also see the benefits. "It's an excellent means of improving professional development{{U}} (33) {{/U}}helping to improve management and communication skills," Davies says.{{U}}(34) {{/U}}now, manufacturing firms have been slow to send staff into schools and teachers haven't been very keen to visit factories, either. According to Davies, most would rather visit a bank{{U}} (35) {{/U}}retail company instead.Headteacher Andrew Morris recently spent three days at KTM, an engineering firm. Afterwards he admitted his view{{U}} (36) {{/U}}industry had been out-of-date: "I thought it would be a dirty place to work, {{U}}(37) {{/U}}conditions have obviously improved a lot nowadays." KTM Director John Dimmock said that{{U}} (38) {{/U}}a doubt his staff had benefited{{U}} (39) {{/U}}explaining{{U}} (40) {{/U}}jobs to teachers and pupils.

填空题A In terms of efficiency, not size, the advertising industry is only now starting to grow out of its century-long infancy, which might be called "the Wanamaker era" . It was John Wanamaker, a devoutly Christian merchant from Philadelphia, who in the 1870s not only invented department stores and price tags(to eliminate haggling, since everybody should be equal before God and price), but also became the first modern advertiser when he bought space in newspapers to promote his stores. He went about it in a Christian way, neither advertising on Sundays nor fibbing(thus minting the concept of "truth in advertising" ). B The website is readily available to any consumer with a computer, and in this day and age, includes the majority of consumers throughout the world. There are no additional costs in reaching the expanded global markets. Since the Internet advertising extends to the global audience anytime, the chances of potential customers are more and hence the profit margin is also on the higher side. The bottom line is that the advantages of Internet advertising is much more than that of its traditional print forerunner, in lessened costs, availability, expanded consumer markets, and largely in the overall profit margin. C The best way to distinguish between advertising and marketing is to think of marketing as a pie, inside that pie you have slices of advertising, market research, media planning, public relations, product pricing, distribution, customer support, sales strategy, and community involvement. Advertising only equals one piece of the pie in the strategy. All of these elements must not only work independently but also work together towards the bigger goal. Marketing is a process that takes time and can involve hours of research for a marketing plan to be effective. Think of marketing as everything that an organisation does to facilitate an exchange between the company and consumers. D The advantages of print media enable you to send in the copy and have it displayed on the section you want within a few days. If it is a classified ad, this can be just 48 hours. The beauty of print media advertising is that you can be as creative as you wish, as long as you follow the guidelines set out by the newspaper. This will usually exclude nudity and strong sexual references in the copy and publishers will usually adhere to advertising standards legislation. E You write ads, based on relevant keywords for your business—these are displayed on search results pages and websites within that network. If someone types in a keyword/phrase relevant to your business and that matches your advert criteria, your ad will then show on the page. If someone clicks on your ad, you will be charged a fee based on the cost per click value you set for that advert. Therefore, it is important to make the advert clear, so to avoid wasted clicks from people who misunderstood your message.

填空题Yao's international appeal help grow our brand globally (9) That's saying a lot in a league where anyone under six feet five inches would be considered short. But Yao Ming (Yao is his surname) is seven feet five inches tall, a giant among giants. Just a couple of years ago, Yao left his home in China, where he played basketball for the Shanghai Sharks, to become the star center in his rookie year for the Houston Rockets. Just as quickly, (10) Yao whose presence is hard to ignore, appeared in his first television commercial for Apple Computer, in which he promoted the firm's new PowerBook G4 computer. (His star in the advertisement was the diminutive Verne Troyer, the actor who played Mini Me in the Austin Powers films. ) Viewers loved him. (11) which aired during a recent Super Bowl. In that ad, Yao sparred with a petite actress playing a clerk who wouldn't let him cash a check, saying, "Yo!" and pointing to a sign indicating no personal checks. A few months later, (12) for which he appeared in ads along with other sports celebrities like base-ball player Derek Jeter and football. Star Peyton Manning. (13) But Yao is different. He speaks very little English, relying heavily on a translator to help him communicate. Yet says Tom Fox, vice president of sports marketing for Gatorade, "What's truly exciting to us is Yao's ability to connect with American fans and transcend American culture. But Yao's international appeal and the NBA's international marketing strength present potential opportunities to also help grow our brand globally. "(14) As they develop their promotional strategy, they can incorporate this strength into the overall plan. "Gatorade does have aspirations around the world, and there is application for Yao if we choose to go that way, " notes Fox. A. But his slam dunk came in a commercial for Visa B. Marketers view him as a global spokesperson rather than someone who reaches only the U. S. market C. Yao signed an exclusive deal with Gatorade. D. Yao Ming is the National Basketball Association's tallest player E. Being an advertising star makes him more popular in the U. S. F. he became a U. S. media celebrity-and a sought-after advertising spokesperson G. Hiring sports celebrities as part of a promotional campaign is nothing new H. Many advertisers strive to invite him to be the spokesperson of their product

填空题We wrote to you on August 5. Our letter complained about poor workmanship. In our letter ______ (one sentence)

填空题Hard times for caf6 chain It has been a terrible year for cafe operator called Dawkin. Less than 12 months ago it took over the Cafeza chain, with its 16 sites, but it is rumoured41. that half of those are yet to be closed in the next few months, because of falling42. turnover. What's more, the company is still recovering from the sudden43. resignation of its Managing Director in April. While Dawkin operates 84 cafes,44. and had plans to reach up 150 by the end of next year. This is looking less and45. less achievable, given that the company's poor financial position and limits on46. its short-term debt facilities. Worst of all news, perhaps, Dawkin has just47. announced that its rival Highway has built it up a shareholding of just over 5%,48. redoubling speculation that Dawkin's days as an independent operator are being49. numbered. Roughly equal in size, the two have long been competing for the50. number five slot in the overcrowded caf6 market. There are now rumours of a51. deal between the two, which would provide them complementary coverage,52. Dawkin being strong in London and other big cities, and unlike Highway concentrating its efforts outside the major population centres.

填空题Send us an application form. ______

填空题Hints to turn on your charm1. Influence people by paying ______ to others.2. It is the key to successful ______.3. Figure out boss or colleague's ______.4. Be sure to command ______ when officemates seeking anything from each other.Experts' ideas of turning on charm5. Robert Cialdini's idea: use ______ as an influence technique.6. Valenti's approach: ______ is necessary.7. Buffer et al's strategic weapon: encourage the speaker's feeling of ______.Other advice8. Try to use ______.9. Be sure to get your ______ focus on the speaker.10. Remind yourself of other ______.11. e.g. turning off ______ at the meeting.12. putting aside e-mail for ______.

填空题Task One-Reason For questions 13-17, match the extracts with the reasons, listed A-H. For each extract choose the reason for attending the meeting. Write one letter (A-N) next to the number of the extract. A. to identify a new direction B. to customise your CV C. to cast the net wide D. to think about things you"re good at E. to think about the skills you have picked up F. to apply to unconventional places G. to use the right keywords H. to look around for inspiration

填空题 · For each question (31-40), write one word in CAPITAL LETTERS on your Answer Sheet. · There is an example at the beginning. Help for Exporters to Speak the Language The new Languages in Export Advisory Scheme has been started to help companies that are keen to export and have fewer than two hundred and fifty employees. It means that they {{U}} {{U}} 1 {{/U}} {{/U}}eligible for a grant of up to fifty per cent of the cost of three-and-a-half days' on-site consultancy. The scheme defines ways of meeting the business's language needs {{U}} {{U}} 2 {{/U}} {{/U}}relating its product or service to the overseas market. There are two stages: the first stage, {{U}} {{U}} 3 {{/U}} {{/U}}lasts half a day, gives employers understanding of the issues involved in exporting and briefs {{U}} {{U}} 4 {{/U}} {{/U}}on local language and export information centres. The second, three-day stage provides expert advice on competing effectively {{U}} {{U}} 5 {{/U}} {{/U}}overseas markets. A specialist in exports and language use analyses the firm's language needs and produces a plan {{U}} {{U}} 6 {{/U}} {{/U}}developing strategies. Strategies that might {{U}} {{U}} 7 {{/U}} {{/U}}considered include establishing on-line or phone links with an interpreting company, hiring a native of a particular country on a contract basis, advertising for someone {{U}} {{U}} 8 {{/U}} {{/U}}fluency in a particular language, and locating a foreign student on placement or at a local business school. Such people might help the boss to {{U}} {{U}} 9 {{/U}} {{/U}}up a stand at a business exhibition in a foreign city, as {{U}} {{U}} 10 {{/U}} {{/U}}as handle the paperwork and deal with clients. It is hoped that many small businesses all over the world will benefit from this idea in the future.

填空题bags. Operators ring a bell or buzzer to summon for a supervisor to help

填空题{{B}}PART FOUR{{/B}}{{B}} · Read the following text. · Choose the best word to fill each gap. · For each question 21—30, mark one letter A, B, C or D.{{/B}} Training must have a purpose, which is{{U}} (21) {{/U}}when a firm analyses its training needs. A review of manpower planning should include a training{{U}} (22) {{/U}}which looks carefully at training from the point of view of the company, its various departments and personnel This may show that weaknesses exist in some departments and that, as a result, training is needed for their staff. Training needs are based on an analysis of job descriptions and job specifications.A job description should give details of the performance that is{{U}} (23) {{/U}}for a specific job, and a job specification should give information about the behavior knowledge and skills that are expected{{U}} (24) {{/U}}an employee who works in it. When all of this has been{{U}} (25) {{/U}}, it is possible to make a training specification. This specifies what the Training Department must teach for the successful performance of the job, and also the best methods to use in training period.There are many different training methods, and there are advantages and disadvantages{{U}} (26) {{/U}}all of them. Successful training programs depend on an understanding of the difference between learning about skills and training in using them. It is frequently said that learning about skills takes place "off the job", in the classroom; but training in using those skills takes place "on the job", by{{U}} (27) {{/U}}of such activities as job rotation and planned experience.It is always difficult to evaluate the costs and savings of a training program. The success of such a program depends not only on the methods used but also on the{{U}} (28) {{/U}}of the staff who do the training. A company can often check on savings in time and cost by examining the manual work performed by operators and technicians who{{U}} (29) {{/U}}a training program. The evaluation of management and supervisory staff who leave their employment and the number who{{U}} (30) {{/U}}from work for reasons of health.

填空题·Whichextract(A,B,C,DorE)doeseachstatement(1-8)referto?·Foreachstatement(1-8),markoneletter(A,B,C,DorE)onyourAnswerSheet.·Youwillneedtousesomeoftheselettersmorethanonce.·Thereisanexampleatthebeginning.ABankofAmericaannouncedthatitwasreadytorepaythe$45billionitreceivedingovernmentbail-outmoney,whichwillfinancebyselling$18.8billioninsecuritiesandtapping$26.2billionof"excessliquidity".ThebankhadtodemonstratetotheTreasurythatitwasstableenoughtoobtaininvestmentthroughthemarkets.ByexitingtheTroubledAssetReliefProgramme,BofAwillbefreeofmanyoftherestrictionsimposedonit,includingonexecutivepay,whichissaidtobehamperingthebankfromappointingasuccessortotheoutgoingchiefexecutive,KennethLewis.BTheBankofJapanheldanemergencymeetingfollowingpressurefromthegovernmenttotakestepstocounterdeflationandthestrengtheningyen;thecurrencyrecentlyhita14-yearhighagainstthedollar.Thecentralbankannounceda10trillion($115billion)programmeofnewlendinginthree-monthfundsatarateof0.1%,whichasofficialssaidwassimilartothequantitative-easingmeasuresitemployedearlierthisdecadetofightdeflation.Butthesumfellshortofmarketexpectations.CDirectorsattheRoyalBankofScotlandthreatenedtoresigniftheBritishTreasurypreventedthemfrompaying￡1.5billion($2.5billion)inbonusesatitsinvestment-bankingunit.SomeBritishbankershavesteppeduptheircriticismofwhattheysayisoverbearinggovernmentinfluenceinmattersofpayandcompensation.DMervynKing,thegovernoroftheBankofEngland,revealedhowcloseRoyalBankofScotlandandHBOScametocollapseinOctober2008.AfterLehmanBrothersdeclaredbankruptcy,bothbankshadtroubleraisingfundsinthemarketsandturnedtothecentralbank,whichlentthem￡62billion($103billion)inemergencyaid.Mr.Kingrevealedthedetailsoftherescuenowbecausebothcompaniesareconsideredtobestable.In2007,newsthatNorthernRockreceivedloansfromthestateledtoarunonthebank.ETheEuropeanCentralBanksaiditwouldtightenitsratingstandardsfortheasset-backedsecuritiesthateuro-areabanksuseascollateralwhenseekingliquidityfromthecentralbank.ThemoveformspartoftheECB'splangraduallytowithdrawtheemergencymeasuresitintroducedduringthefinancialcrisis.

填空题Convert the following informal email into a formal one by changing the underlined words. Use the words in the box to help you (in most cases you will need to use other words too). contact do not soon prefer sincerely grateful will currently meantime apologise my apologies send Dear Ms Doyle {{U}}Thanks{{/U}} Thank you for your email. {{U}} {{U}} 11 {{/U}} {{/U}}{{U}}I'm sorry{{/U}} for the delay in sending you the T-shirt that you ordered. {{U}} {{U}} 12 {{/U}} {{/U}}{{U}}At the moment{{/U}}, we {{U}} {{U}} 13 {{/U}} {{/U}}{{U}}don't{{/U}} have the medium size you asked for in stock. We hope to have delivery of these on Friday. {{U}} {{U}} 14 {{/U}} {{/U}}{{U}}The moment{{/U}} they arrive, {{U}} {{U}} 15 {{/U}} {{/U}}{{U}}I'll{{/U}} {{U}} {{U}} 16 {{/U}} {{/U}}{{U}}get{{/U}} one out to you by first class post. Or, if {{U}} {{U}} 17 {{/U}} {{/U}}{{U}}it's better for you{{/U}}, I can send you either a small or large T-shirt of the same design immediately. If this is the case, {{U}} {{U}} 18 {{/U}} {{/U}}{{U}}please{{/U}} {{U}} {{U}} 19 {{/U}} {{/U}}{{U}}get in touch{{/U}} and let me know. {{U}} {{U}} 20 {{/U}} {{/U}}{{U}}For now{{/U}}, I will try to get the medium size in as soon as possible. {{U}} {{U}} 21 {{/U}} {{/U}}{{U}}Sorry{{/U}} once again. {{U}} {{U}} 22 {{/U}} {{/U}}{{U}}Best wishes{{/U}} Gareth Evans

填空题traffic

填空题I (receive) ______ a consignment of furniture from you last week which we (order) ______ on May 12.