填空题A. The same expression in Britain is a sign of skepticism B. but from a lack of awareness of the various interpretations different cultures ascribe to nonverbal forms of behavior C. Culture has a powerful impact on people's behavior D. Of equal, and at times, greater importance is the knowledge of nonverbal communication, or body language E. On the other hand, if a Frenchman rubs the base of his nose with his forefinger F. A good way to become more aware of cross-cultural differences is to look at oneself through the eyes of people from other cultures G. Even clothing and colors are symbolic and have different meanings depending on the part of the world H. The use of gesticulations varies according to culture Beware of Body Language in Cross-Cultural Situations As the trade barriers come down in Europe and contact is increased, cross-cultural misunderstandings are bound to rise. As often as not, many of the misunderstandings in communications will arise not from what is said, (9) Attaining fluency in a foreign language is often only half the battle when it comes to mastering effective cross-cultural communications. (10) This "silent language", or the actions that accompany our words, includes such dimensions as touching, distance between speakers, facial expressions, speech inflection or volume, pauses, as well as hand and arm gestures. (11) Very seldom do we speak without an accompanying action in which hands invariably play a crucial role. (12) The Italians and the French are renowned for relying heavily on hand gestures to replicate or mimic ideas that they are simultaneously communicating in words. Germans often raise their eyebrows in recognition of a clever idea. (13) The French have some of the most expressive hand gestures. To symbolize exquisiteness, a Frenchman pinches his fingertips, raises them to his lips, and softly tosses a kiss into the air with his chin held high. (14) ,he's warning "something smells bad, " "be cautious, " "we can't trust these people. " Very similar is the Italian gesture of tapping the side of the nose with the forefinger. Its meaning: Take care. There is danger ahead. They are getting crafty. In the Netherlands, this gesture means I'm drunk or you're drunk. In England, a forefinger tap on the side of the nose means conspiracy or secrecy.

填空题· Read this text taken from an article about marketing.· Choose the best sentence from the opposite page to fill each of the gaps.· For each gap (9-14), mark one letter (A-H) on your Answer Sheet.· Do not use any letter more than once. {{B}} How effective is your marketing?{{/B}} Gone are the days when companies had departments full of staff whose role nobody understood. Today we are all accountable and have to be able to demonstrate the value of our contribution to our businesses. And rightly so. But when it comes to marketing, what is effectiveness, how do you measure it, and why is its measurement so important? Businesses are starting to recognise the key marketing questions. Are we providing the right products for the right people at the right price? Are our brands better than those of our competitors? {{U}}(9) {{/U}} That's because marketing is not the fluffy stuff that can be axed when the going gets tough - it is the essence of business. So if marketing is important, it follows that it pays to know if yours is working. The first stage in the process is understanding your current position. How successful is your brand today? What is your market share? You should equip yourself with some sound facts and figures on which to base your conclusions. {{U}}(10) {{/U}} It could be simply to boost sales. You may want to reinforce your leadership in a market or trounce a competitive brand. Influencing future profitability, possibly by building a short-term brand share, may be a priority. A clear objective is essential. But how do you know if your marketing is achieving your goals? {{U}}(11) {{/U}} Their success is not just related to how many boxes leave the factory. Effectiveness may not be tangible. It may be financial, it may not. 'The brand' is an intangible asset, but it is now seen as an important one. Quantifying the value of an intangible asset is a difficult, but not impossible, task. It is also necessary to evaluate both long-term effectiveness and the short-term outcomes of any campaign. {{U}}(12) {{/U}} But the care of a brand is a marathon, not a sprint, and it is important not to lose sight of the long-term consequences. Choosing the right measurement tools to evaluate a campaign is another important issue. {{U}}(13) {{/U}} The accuracy they thus ensure should be consistent over time and correspond to the wider objectives of the business. Ultimately, marketing must deliver profit. The essential debate should no longer be about the importance of marketing, but what we should do to measure its effectiveness, and what measures will ensure survival. {{U}}(14) {{/U}} But to others it is likely to be a controversial issue - and one which can produce responses leading to widely different directions for their enterprises.A Having done that, next comes establishing what it is that marketing activities should be achieving.B Because of this, you may want to generate return on investment, perhaps by raising the quality of your brand.C This shift in focus will be taken as read by the most successful businesses.D Addressing such issues should mean that profits take care of themselves.E Concerning the latter, it may be tempting to be seduced by efforts that yield quick results and satisfy investor pressure for immediate returns.F These should be precise and based on empirical data.G Good strategies are not necessarily linked to production or sales figures.H Today we are all accountable and have to be able to demonstrate the value of our contribution to our businesses.

填空题 There are examples of{{U}} WHAT {{/U}}can be done by the retailer within his store, but perhaps the biggest opportunity for cost-reduction stems{{U}} {{U}} 1 {{/U}} {{/U}}cooperation between manufacturer and distributor in analyzing the total costs involved in moving the product from the factory to the shopper's basket. A helpful technique in this connection is the concept of "direct product profit"{{U}} {{U}} 2 {{/U}} {{/U}}is widely used in the United States. This is a technique for analyzing very precisely the costs and profits associated{{U}} {{U}} 3 {{/U}} {{/U}}each product line, with a view to isolating opportunities for cost reduction. For example, the in-store handling costs for particular item may be reduced{{U}} {{U}} 4 {{/U}} {{/U}}the manufacturer puts it in a large case or reduces the number of layers in the case. With the growing importance of prepackaging{{U}} {{U}} 5 {{/U}} {{/U}}for perishable items like meat and for non-food products, it is essential that the container should facilitate quick unloading and easy display. More obvious is the case for cooperation in reducing the costs of delivery and unloading； the night delivery experiment in Central London is an example of this. Many shops lack proper unloading facilities, often because the local authorities or private developers{{U}} {{U}} 6 {{/U}} {{/U}}built them were not aware of{{U}} {{U}} 7 {{/U}} {{/U}}was needed. Many retailers do not employ modern handling techniques. Some consumer goods manufacturers,{{U}} {{U}} 8 {{/U}} {{/U}}as Unilever, are playing a big part in streamlining the distribution system, simply because they are "market-oriented" companies which recognize the importance of low distribution costs. Even in Unilever, Lord Cole recalled the bad old days{{U}} {{U}} 9 {{/U}} {{/U}}distribution was looked upon as the least important of costs. The process of distribution will gradually be made less labor-intensive; the difficulty of finding additional labor, apart{{U}} {{U}} 10 {{/U}} {{/U}}its cost, is the major factor behind.

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填空题Shipping is a very important in foreign trade because goods sold by seller have

填空题Mary Diana was annoyed when a local laundry charged more to wash and iron her white blouses than to clean her husband's white shirts. Actually, she was more than just annoyed. (9) Twenty-one of them quoted higher prices for blouses. Then she did an experiment. She cut the label out of a blouse, sewed in the label for a man's shirt, and took the blouse to the cleaner along with three of her husband's shirts. The cleaner charged her $1.25. (10) The cleaner charged her $ 2.25. Mary feels that the cleaner's pricing is unreasonable--that they have prejudice against women and charge arbitrarily higher prices. (11) The president of the Association of Launderers and Cleaners in Mary's state has a different view. "The automated machine we use fits a certain range of standardized shirts." he said. "A lot of women's blouses have different kinds of trim, different kinds of buttons, and lots of braid work, and it all has to be hand-finished. If it involves hand-finishing, we charge higher prices." In other words, some cleaners charge more for doing women's blouses because the average cost is higher than the average cost for men's shirts. (12) A consumer-protection specialist in the Attorney General's office in Mary's state said that there were no federal or stare laws to regulate what the cleaners could charge. (13) Many firms face the same problem of how to set prices when the costs are different to serve different customers. For example, poor, inner-city consumers often pay higher prices for food. (14) Some firms don't like to charge different consumers different prices, but they also don't want to charge everyone a higher average price to cover the expense of serving high-cost customers. A Later she did the same thing, but with a blouse that had the original label. B Of course, the cost of cleaning and ironing any specific shirt may not be higher or lower than the average. C But inner-city retailers also face higher average costs for facilities, shop lifting, and insurance. D She telephoned 33 cleaners and asked each one's price to launder a nonfrills, white cotton blouse the same style and size as a man's shirt. E Inner-city consumers enjoy better quality goods. F Mary won't take any actual measures to urge the government to pass such a law. G She said that customers who don't like a particular cleaner's rates are free to visit a competitor who may charge less. H She wants her local city government to pass an ordinance that prohibits laundry and dry cleaning businesses from discriminatory pricing based on gender.

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填空题Task One-Reason · For questions 13-17, match the extracts with the problems listed A-H. · For each extract, decide which problem the people mentioned. · Write one letter (A-H) next to the number of the extract. A I sent an invitation to a wrong company. B I gave confidential information accidentally to the competitors. C I make decisions all by myself without consulting others. D I brought the wrong paperwork. E Some advisors made poor recommendations. F The sales revenue is not satisfactory. G I miscalculated the money. H I made a fake accounting sheet.

填空题 ·Read the text below about computer trends. ·For each question (31-40), write one word in CAPITAL LETTERS on your Answer Sheet. {{B}}COMPUTER TRENDS{{/B}} When analysing the computer market worldwide it is useful is distinguish{{U}} (31) {{/U}}sales of desktop computers and portable laptop models. The major manufacturers perform very differently{{U}} (32) {{/U}}different areas of the market; for example, A.B.I. , the worldwide brand leader in desktop computers, ranks only fourth in laptop computer sales and has captured only nineteen per cent of the European market. The Grown Corporation has succeeded in penetrating the difficult European market and now has a twenty-one per cent market share; in worldwide sales, however, Crown ranks second in laptop models{{U}} (33) {{/U}}fourth in desktops. {{B}} Beginner's luck{{/B}} A recent arrival{{U}} (34) {{/U}}the scene, Unitec, has won a twenty-eight per cent slice of the European market and already stands at number five in the world market in{{U}} (35) {{/U}}categories. The computer division of Marcus Industries ranks just below A. B. I. in the desktop best five and currently leads the world market in portable models; in spite of this, Marcus have captured only six per cent of the European sector. {{B}}Europe fights back{{/B}} The remainder{{U}} (36) {{/U}}the European market is shared by a number of local manufacturers who are competing well in home markets{{U}} (37) {{/U}}who do not figure largely on the international scene. The{{/U}} (38) {{/U}}one of these European companies to challenge the U. S. and Japanese makers abroad successfully is Contact Electronics who entered the top five in the laptop field this year and managed{{U}} (39) {{/U}}outsell both A. B.I. and Unitec. Unitec's main rival, PerryHamilton, still occupies third place in the desktop category,{{U}} (40) {{/U}}is struggling to maintain its market share.

填空题Read the questions and answers below. Rewrite each answer in three different ways, beginning as shown. All answers should have the same meaning. Question: What effect did the warm winter temperatures have on the ski resort of St Anton? Answer: A lot of people cancelled their holidays. The result was that a lot of people cancelled their holidays. 1. It resulted ______. 2. It led ______. 3. It meant ______. Question: How was such a small company able to compete with the big computer games companies? Answer: They had very talented software designers. It was because they had yew talented software designers. 4. It was on account ______. 5. It was thanks ______. 6. It had a lot to do ______.

填空题and even who got them. Central planning is still not the principal mechanism of choice in some

填空题Now Web hosting providers attaches great importance to quality support.