单选题Business and the environmentThese days in business, people have to face many challenging questions when designing , and implementing new projects in undeveloped areas of the countryside. One issue which has to be faced is whether it is possible to introduce new technology without destroying the local environment.Economic (21) and environmental conservation are often seen as natural enemies. It is unfortunate that in the past this has often been true, and it has been necessary to choose between (22) the project or protecting the environment. However, by taking environmental considerations (23) at an early stage in a project, companies can significantly reduce any impact on local plants and animals.For example, in southern Africa, a company called CEL was asked to put up 410 km of a power transmission line without disturbing the rare birds which inhabit that area. The project was carried out with (24) disturbance last summer. What may surprise many business people is the fact that this consideration for local wildlife did not in any way (25) down the project. Indeed, the necessary advance planning (26) with local knowledge and advanced technology, (27) that the project was actually completed ahead of schedule. CEL was contracted to finish the job by October and (28) to do so two months earlier.CEL is one of those companies which is (29) to the principle of environmental conservation. Many other companies have yet to be (30) of the importance of balancing the needs of people with those of the environment. However, it may be the only realistic way forward.

单选题What does a new firm think about when it considers entering the market with a new product?

单选题 In recent years many countries of the world{{U}} {{U}} 1 {{/U}} {{/U}}with the problem of how to make their workers more productive. Some experts claim the answer is to make jobs more{{U}} {{U}} 2 {{/U}} {{/U}}. But do more varied jobs lead to greater productivity? There is evidence to suggest that while variety certainly makes the workers' life more enjoyable, it does not actually make him work harder. As far as increasing productivity is{{U}} {{U}} 3 {{/U}} {{/U}}, the variety is no an important factor.Other experts feel that giving the worker freedom to do his job in his own way is important and there is no doubt that this is true. The problem is that this kind of freedom cannot easily be given in the modern factory with its complicated{{U}} {{U}} 4 {{/U}} {{/U}}which must be used in a fixed way, Thus while freedom of choice may be important, there is usually very little that{{U}} {{U}} 5 {{/U}} {{/U}}to create it. Another important{{U}} {{U}} 6 {{/U}} {{/U}}is how much each worker contributes to the product be is making. In most factories the worker sees only one small part of the product. Some car factories are now experimenting with having many small production lines rather than one large one, so that each worker contributes more to the production of the cars on his line It would seam that not only is the{{U}} {{U}} 7 {{/U}} {{/U}}of workers' contribution an important factor,{{U}} {{U}} 8 {{/U}} {{/U}}, but it is also one we can do something about.To what extent does more money lead to greater productivity? The workers themselves certainly think this is important. But perhaps they want more money only because the work they do is so boring. Money just lets them enjoy their spare time more. A similar argument may explain{{U}} {{U}} 9 {{/U}} {{/U}}for shorter working hours. Perhaps if we succeed in making their jobs more interesting, they will neither want more money, nor will shorter{{U}} {{U}} 10 {{/U}} {{/U}}hours be so important to them.

单选题What was the result of businesses having surplus capacity?

单选题Two or more persons sharing a particular work schedule is called ______

单选题 · For each question (23-30), mark one letter (A, B or C) for the correct answer. · After you have listened once, replay the recording.

单选题Market researchMarket research has become more and more important in recent years. In some organisations, in fact, managers will not initiate any activity without market research to back. them up.The first thing to be said about market research is that it is not an (21) to management decision-making. No form of market research, no matter how deep, complicated and detailed, can ever be seen as a substitute for creative decision-making by professional managers (22) its very best, all it can do is (23) some doubt and clarify the nature of the problem. It may even be seen as a tool which can improve the (24) of decisions but it is not in itself a decision-making mechanism.Market research, in (25) with a number of other approaches in marketing, suffers from the frequent complaint that it is not really accurate. Market research results can never be completely accurate because they (26) with a dynamic, ever-changing marketplace. It is vital that this is understood by everyone with an interest in the results. There is, therefore, an ongoing need for creativity and imagination when (27) market research results and when making any (28) to apply them in the marketplace.Lastly, it should always be remembered that market research is not an end in itself but simply a (29) by which some degree of risk can be removed from marketplace activity. If no activity (30) from the research, then the entire exercise has been completely pointless.

单选题Marthastartedherbusinessbecause

单选题As in many other areas of human activity during the twentieth century, a number of specialized fields in accounting have evolved as a result of technological advances and accelerated economic growth. The most important accounting fields are described briefly as follows. Financial accounting is concerned with the recording of transactions for a business enterprise or other economic unit and the periodic preparation of various reports from such records. The reports, which may be for general purposes or for a special purpose, provide useful information for managers, owners, creditors, governmental agencies, and the general public. Of particular importance to financial accountants are the rules of accounting, and generally accepted accounting principles. Corporate enterprises must employ such principles in preparing their annual re ports on profitability and financial status for their stockholders and the investing public. Auditing is a field of activity involving an independent review of the accounting records. In conducting an audit, public accountants examine the records supporting the financial reports of an enterprise and give an opinion regarding their fairness and reliability. An important element of "fairness and reliability" is adherence to generally accepted accounting principles. In addition to retaining public accountants for a period audit, many corporations have their own permanent staff of internal auditors. Their principle responsibility is to determine if the various operating divisions are following management's policies and procedures. Cost accounting emphasizes the de termination and the control of costs. It is concerned primarily with the costs of manufacturing processes and of manufactured products. In addition, one of the most important duties of the cost accountants is to gather and explain cost data, both actual and prospective. Management uses these data in controlling current operations and in planning for the future. Management accounting uses both historical and estimated data in assisting management in daily operations and in planning future operations. It deals with specific problems that confront enterprise managers at various organizational levels. The management accountant is frequently concerned with identifying alternative courses of action and then helping to select the best one. In recent years, public accountants have realized that their training and experience uniquely quality them to advise management personnel on policies and administration. Tax accounting is another important area. Accountants specialized in this field, must be familiar with the tax statutes affecting their employer or clients and also must keep up to date on administrative regulations and court decisions on tax cases.

单选题Theconceptof‘glocalization’canbedefinedas

单选题Sinking B. Reduction C. Dropping D. Depression

单选题The first step in creating a new product is to ______ A．assess the feasibility of the product B．develop a product idea C．design the product D．test the product E．distribute and promote the product

单选题 Market Research Market research has become increasingly important in recent years. In some organisations, in fact, managers will not initiate any activity without market research to back them up. The first thing about market research is that it is not an (21) to management decision-making. No form of market research, no matter how deep, complicated and detailed, can ever be seen as a substitute for creative decision-making by professional managers (22) its very best, all it can do is (23) some doubt and clarify the nature of the problem. It may even be seen as a tool which can help improve the (24) of decisions but it is not in itself a decision-making mechanism. Market research, in (25) with a number of other approaches in marketing, suffers from the frequent complaint that it is not really accurate. Market research results can never be completely accurate because they (26) with a dynamic, ever-changing marketplace. It is essential that this is understood by everyone with an interest in the results. There is, therefore, an ongoing need for creativity and imagination, when (27) market research results and when making any (28) to apply them in the marketplace. Finally, it should always be remembered that market research is not an end in itself but simply a (29) by which some degree of risk can be removed from marketplace activity. If no activity (30) from the research, then the entire research has been completely pointless.

单选题WhatdowelearnaboutLindaTaylor?

单选题Contact with the military was an early influence on his thinking.

单选题· Read the following article about a successful British businessman and the questions on the opposite page.· For each question 15-20, mark one letter (A, B, C or D) on your Answer Sheet, for the answer you choose. Every year British universities turn out 15,000 graduates in business studies. Many dream that they will one day be running a major business, wielding power and influencing markets. But only a very few will climb to the top and realise their fantasies. For the rest, compromise, disappointment, mediocrity and an alternative career away from the mainstream action will be their lot. Peter Blackburn is chairman and chief executive of Nestle UK, which employs more than 12,000 people and has a turnover of ￡1.8 billion. His advice to those who wish to move ahead of the pack is as straightforward as the man. "Take all your qualifications seriously. Although many top executives do not have first-class honours and it is often a disadvantage to be an intellectual, qualifications are increasingly important, as is the quest for improvement.""I do feel that an international dimension helps every career. It says something about the person and if they have worked in another language, it gives a manager the important dimension of realising that each market is part of something bigger. Also it is always important in any career to keep your options open as events can take an unexpected turn. When they did for me, I acted accordingly. I still have to pinch myself to remind myself what I am doing. Even 10 years ago I didn't think this is what I would end up having achieved." "In the end, those that get right to the top retain their 'people touch', which can be very difficult as one gets swept up on the fast track of corporate life. But those who never forget where they have come from and keep their feet on the ground have a real advantage. The important thing is that you should never ask someone else to do something you couldn't do yourself. I am always looking for those who have the determination, the steel to see through our corporate objectives. I also want managers who can be role models for the next generation, people who will be an inspiration."Blackburn started out working for a small confectionery company and was responsible for clearing up a major financial scandal when it was taken over by a larger company, Rowntrees. This was a project which marked him out and gave him visibility in Rowntrees. While many successful careers can easily be seen as an almost predictable procession, there are always one or two moments when success in a project promotes the executive, bringing star quality and something of an aura. However, if at the decisive moment a mistake is made, then the executive, instead of moving sharply forward, disappears into the pack and others are given their chance. When Rowntrees was later taken over by Nestle, Peter Blackburn went on television and argued against the takeover. When the dust settled, the winners rewarded their spirited adversary. "l have always believed in doing the best that I can in any situation. Sometimes you have to make difficult decisions and then it's important to meet them square on. I have been fortunate in that the evolving company that I am now involved with has always believed in strong social values and has behaved as humanely as possible when it has been forced to close or to sell one of its businesses."Peter Blackburn's career has been marked by two company takeovers. Many successful takeovers have been characterised by the new owners looking at the second layers of management and giving them a free rein. Mr Blackburn has. benefited from this process twice and says: "In both the takeovers I have been involved with, success has been achieved because the new owners have not gone in for ,wholesale clearouts. They have realised that it is the existing people who understand the business and they must be the platform for any growth."

单选题The process of combining two non-competing products at a discounted price is called ______ A．complementary advertising B．multiple discounts C．co-branding D．sales promotion double E．quantity pricing

单选题A. Each commercial bank, as it obtains reserves and expands its deposits, could grow at an inappropriate rate. One way of controlling the growth rate of deposits is to require banks to stand ready to redeem their deposits in some valuable commodity. Another is to institute a central bank charged with keeping reserves. B. Central bank needs to guard against bank failures, particularly if there are many relatively small banks. This is not to say that central banks always did prevent widespread bank failures. But a central bank should act as institution able and willing in a crisis to make loans to banks when other banks cannot, or will not to do so. C. In addition to its services for commercial banks, a central bank provides many other services. The government keeps an account at the central bank, writes its checks on this account, and, in some countries, sells its securities through central bank. Another group of services to the government arises directly out of the central bank's close relation with commercial banks. Thus the central bank typically administrators certain controls over commercial bank. D. Although central banks are part of the government, they maintain a certain detachment from the rest of it. They usually have much more independence from the administration than do such government agencies as the Treasury. E. Banking in Great Britain is dominated by four major banks (National Westminster, Bar clays, Midland, and Lloyds), but twenty major non-British banks compete for the British pound deposits and loans of major and modest customers. Similarly, the three big German banks ( Deutsche, Dresdner, and Commerz) have encountered increased competition for loan and deposit business from fifty branches of foreign banks in Frankfurt, Düseldorf, and Hamburg.