填空题· You will hear five different business people talking about partnerships, one form of business.· For each extract there are two tasks. For Task One, choose the advantage of partnerships described from the list A—H. For Task Two, choose the disadvantage of partnerships from the list A—H.· You will hear the recording twice. TASK ONE—ADVANTAGE· For questions 13—17, match the extracts with the advantages, listed A—H.· For each extract, choose the advantage stated.· Write one letter (A—H) next to the number of the extract. A Incentive for key employees B Ease of organization C Direct control of business D More specialized management E Tax advantages F Ease of closing G Greater source of capital H Share strength of other owners

填空题LAFTA

填空题Making It in the USA When it comes to US manufacturing, conventional wisdom says the prognosis is bad. Just read the headlines: During the past three years, the nation has lost 2.7 million factory jobs -- many of them permanently. Manufacturing now employs just 11 percent of the US workforce, compared with 30 percent in the 1950s. But LeRoy Nosbaum, chief executive at Itron Corp., a ＄285 million builder of utility meter readers in Spokane, Wash., sees things differently. "If you can't manufacture in the US efficiently and economically, you don't know how to manufacture," he says. Yes, making stuff in the United States requires merciless, day-by-day cost cutting. (9) "Jumping on the low-cost bandwagon is a quick fix," says Bill Hanson, co-director of MIT's Leaders for Manufacturing program. "But it can hurt you in the long run." Job-loss statistics may overstate the fall in US manufacturing competitiveness (10) Sure, there are fewer factory workers, but thanks to increased automation and a shift to higher-value work, the value of US manufactured goods has grown by 50 percent since 1990. Jim Womack of the Lean Enterprise Institute, a nonprofit training center, adds that cheaper labor doesn't necessarily give offshore manufacturers an insurmountable advantage. (11) Whatever cost advantages do exist can vanish quickly if competitors follow suit and set up shop nearby. But the most compelling reason to build here isn't easily measured in dollars. (12) "The US is good at innovation," he says, "and the only way to become an innovation machine is to closely couple manufacturing with engineering and design." Nosbaum's Itron is an example: a homegrown success that enjoys a 50 percent market in the face of stiff import competition. (13) With input from line workers, Itron has cut labor expenses in half since 1999 to just 8 percent of overall product cost- a rate so low that the wage gap with countries like China has become irrelevant. The Itron case aside, it does make sense for labor-intensive industries like apparels or furniture making to build in low-wage countries. (14) In those fields, the potential of factory-level innovation far outweighs the benefits of lower wages. In the end, that is where American workers will find lasting opportunity.A That is not the case in R&D-dependent industries such as biotech, pharmaceuticals, and aerospace, however.B Productivity gains account for a big chunk of the job shrinkage.C They can face additional costs from time- to-market delays, airfreight charges, employee travel, and local corruption.D The company's quality and test engineers roam its factory floor in Waseca, Minn., constantly searching for ways to improve product designs and production efficiency.E But offshore manufacturing carries hidden costs of its own-in particular, the opportunities you forgo by cutting off access to the wellspring of innovation on your factory floor.F But it doesn't work in high-tech industries.G Manufacturing now employs just 11 percent of the US workforce, compared with 30 percent in the 1950s.H Distance severs what Hanson calls the "tight linkages" between engineers and production workers that spur innovation.

填空题educate

填空题A．Flat Tax Income tax is a direct tax which is levied on the income of private individuals．There are various income tax systems that exist．ranging frOm a flat tax to an extensive progressive tax systern． A flat tax，also cal led a proportional tax，is a system that taxes．Usual ly the flat tax is proposed to k ick in at a certain income level，or to exempt income below that level，so that the lowest-income members of society don't need to pay income tax． Proposed flat taxes usually allow little or no exemption of earned income besides the bottom-level exemption． Advocates of a flat tax claim that it will end unfair discrimination．They also argue that flat taxes are easier(and cheaper)to administer and comply with than complex，graduated taxes．Most political parties that advocate the introduction of a flat tax are on the right of the pol itical spectrum．B．Progressive Tax A progressive tax，or graduated tax，is a tax that is larger as a percentage of income for those with larger incomes．It is usually applied in reference to income taxes，where people with more income pay a higher percentage of it in taxes．The term progressive refers to the way the rate progresses from low to high．C．Regressive Tax A regressive tax is a tax which takes a larger percentage of income from people whose income is low． A tax which places placesonately more of a burden on those with lower incomes． Regressive taxes，as opposed to progressive taxes，are more burdensome on lower-income individuals than on higher-income individuals and corporations．D．Tax Deduction Within the United States'income tax system，a tax deduction，or" tax-deductible expense" ，is an item which is subtracted from gross income in order to arrive at the taxable income． Effectively，the taxpayer pays no income tax on the amount of money he spent on tax-deductible expenses．For example．if an individual earns$50，000 in a year and gives $5，000 to tax-deductible charities，he will end up paying income tax as though he had earned only$45，000 that year．In this way，the federal and state governments encourage certain types of spending．E．Tax Avoidance and Tax Evasion Tax avoidance is the legal exploitation of the tax regime to one's own advantage，to attempt to reduce the amount of tax that is payable by means that are within the law whilst making a full disclosure of the materialinformation to the tax authorities． Tax evasion，on the other hand，is a crime．Tax evasion usually entails taxpayers deliberately misrepresenting or concealing the true state of their affairs to the tax authorities to reduce their tax liability，and includes，in particular，dishonest tax reporting，such as under-declared income，profits or gains；or overstated deductions．

填空题{{B}}PART ONE{{/B}} ·Look at the statements below and at the five extracts that follow. ·Which extract (A, B, C, D or E) does each statement (1-8) refer to? ·For each statement (1-8), mark one letter (A. B, C, D or E) on your Answer Sheet. ·You will need to use some of these letters more than once. A Currently, economic activities in China remain controlled by a government that often makes its decisions based on the unpublished rules, and when the rules are published, they are often vague and unclear to the public and overseas businesses. Appeals are made all the more difficult with no public basis for the initial decisions. The WTO requirements of transparency and justice will help the Chinese state make arbitrary decisions over business activities and economic life. B By requiring the clear publication of quotas and tariff rates-by making them more transparent and public-the arbitrary discretion of local officials to determine whether and at what price a local enterprise can import a foreign product that might be an important input to goods or service will be taken away. In doing so, this agreement not only promotes economic efficiency for American exporters, but also undercuts arbitrary control and promotes the ability of local entrepreneurs to freely contract with foreign importers based not on party connections but on what makes economic sense. Economic freedom and economic efficiency gain at the same time. C The same is true for the free movement of goods. Currently, anybody who does business in China will view distribution as, at best, a headache. The Chinese government controls virtually all aspects of the movement of goods, whether goods can be imported at all, the terms under which it enters, who can bring it in, and who can distribute, sell and service it. Importing and exporting, and distribution rights are privileges granted by the Chinese government to only to a few. D China's WTO commitments in these areas are quite significant. The agreement changes these scarcely allotted privileges into rights that will be widely available to both Chinese and foreign businesses. China has agreed that in 3 years, all individuals and entities in China will be able to import most products into any part of China, and that foreign firms will be able to set up, own and operate their own distribution and related services. It will certainly help promote and enhance the economic activities and people throughout the world would enjoy the freedom of businesses. E Again, however, the benefits go beyond economic efficiency. Every time the multiple areas in which people must seek permission from the government for distribution or trading are reduced, the potential for a larger number of business transactions between Chinese entrepreneurs and American entrepreneurs is increased. As the weight of the government on everyday transactions becomes lighter, layers of middlemen are eliminated, and more and more Chinese salesmen, repairmen, and consumers will come into direct and daily contact with each other and with foreign companies.

填空题We will limit your credit for future purchases. ______

填空题{{B}}PART ONE{{/B}}· You will hear a presenter on a radio programme giving information about some workshops.· As you listen, for questions 1-12, complete the notes using up to three words or a number.· After you have listened once, replay the recording. {{B}}CAREER WORKSHOPS{{/B}}{{B}}November 7th:{{/B}}1. Title of workshop ...................................................2. Most suitable for ....................................................3. Seminar on ........................................................4. Location of workshop ................................................{{B}}November 14th:{{/B}}5. Title of workshop ...................................................6. Organised by company called .........................................7. Applications from ................................. should be sent now.8. Participants will receive their ..........................................{{B}}November 23rd:{{/B}}9. Event organised by ..................................................10. Name of exhibition ..................................................11. Organisers famous for ...............................................12. Information available on suitable .......................................

填空题The Globe Is IBM's Classroom When 10 IBM management trainees piled into a minibus in the Philippines for a weekend tour last October, the last thing they expected was to wind up local heroes Yet that's what happened in the tiny village of Carmen. After passing a water well project, they learned the effort had stalled because of engineering mistakes and a lack of money (9) They organized a meeting of the key people involved in the project and volunteered to pay $250 out of their own pockets for additional building materials. Two weeks later the well was completed. Locals would no longer have to walk four miles for drinkable water. And the trainees learned a lesson in collaborative problemsolving. "You motivate people to take the extra step, you created a shared vision, you divide the labor, and the impact can be big", says Erwin van Overbeek, 40, who runs environmental sustainability projects for IBM clients. While saving a village well wasn't part of the group agenda for that trip, it's the kind of experience the architects of IBM's Corporate Service Corps had in mind when they launched the initiative last year. Modeled on the U. S. Peace Corps, the program aims to turn IBM employees into global citizens (10) Those people were then trained and dispatched to emerging markets for a month in groups of 8 to 10 to help solve economic and social problems. The goal, says IBM's human resources chief, is to help future leaders "understand how the world works, show them how to network, and show them how to work collaboratively with people who are far away." Like most corporations, IBM trains managers in classrooms, so this represents a dramatic departure. while other companies encourage employees to volunteer for social service, IBM is the first to use such programs for management training, says Rosabeth Moss Kanter, a professor at Harvard Business School. "This is a big innovation. This kind of active service is a good way to train managers." (11) This year some 500 people will participate, and the list of countries will expand from five to nine, including Brazil, India, Malaysia, and South Africa. The teams spend three months before going overseas reading about their host countries, studying the problems they're assigned to work on, and getting to know their teammates via teleconferences and social networking Websites. On location, they work with local governments, universities, and business groups (12) Participating in the program is not without its risks. Charlie Ung, a new-media producer from IBM Canada, got malaria while working in Ghana and spent a week in the hospital (13) IBM planners deliberately choose out-of-the-way places and bunk the teams in guest houses that lack such amenities as Western food and CNN. "We want them to have a transformative experience, so they're shaken up and walk away feeling they're better equipped to confront the 21st century. "says Kevin Thompson, the IBMer who conceived of the CSC program and now manages it. IBM concedes that one month overseas is a short stint, but it believes participants can pick up valuable lessons. Debbie Maconnel, a 45-year-old IT project manager in Lexington, Ky., says the trip prompted her to change her management style (14) She used to give assignments to the overseas employees and then leave them on their own. Now she spends more time trying to build a global team.A．The program is growing rapidly.B．It has set up a Peace Corps-like program that aims to turn top management prospects into global players.C．The IBMers decided to do something about it.D．It was coordinated with activities of 13 people in the U. S. and 12 in India, Mexico, and China.E．Anything there would be done from upgrading technology for a government agency to improving public water quality.F．Other participants report encounters with wild dogs in Romania.G．Last year, IBM selected 300 top management prospects out of 5400 applicants.H．Yet that's what happened in the tiny village of Carmen.

填空题depot consignment crates transaction packed wrapped settle hand over delivery alternative Would you please make sure that the {{U}} {{U}} 1 {{/U}} {{/U}}of fabrics is {{U}} {{U}} 2 {{/U}} {{/U}}carefully in tissue paper, and {{U}} {{U}} 3 {{/U}} {{/U}}securely in {{U}} {{U}} 4 {{/U}} {{/U}}and sent to our main goods {{U}} {{U}} 5 {{/U}} {{/U}}at the above Address in Shanghai. If the items listed are not available, please do not send {{U}} {{U}} 6 {{/U}} {{/U}}materials or colours. If there are any problems with {{U}} {{U}} 7 {{/U}} {{/U}}could you let us know immediately? We will {{U}} {{U}} 8 {{/U}} {{/U}}you draft for $68,000, at our bank as soon as they {{U}} {{U}} 9 {{/U}} {{/U}}the shipping documents. If this {{U}} {{U}} 10 {{/U}} {{/U}}is successful, we will place larger orders in the future.

填空题{{B}}How to approach Listening Test Part Two{{/B}}· In this part of the Listening Test you listen to five short monologues, spoken by five different speakers.· There are two tasks for each of the five monologues. For each task you must choose one out of eight options.· You can either do one task the first time you listen and the other task the second time, or deal with the two tasks for each monologue together.· Within each monologue, the information for each of the two tasks may come in either order.· Listen for overall meaning. Do not choose an answer just because you hear the same words in the recording as in the question.· Check you have not used the same option more than once within each task.· You will hear five different people talking about managers.· For each extract there are two tasks. For Task One, decide which problem they mention from the list A - H. For Task Two, choose the recommendation made from the list A - H.· You will hear the recording twice. {{B}}TASK ONE - THE PROBLEM ABOUT THE MANAGER{{/B}}· For questions 13 - 17, match the extracts with the problems, listed A - H.· For each extract, decide which problem about the manager the speaker describes.· Write one letter (A- H) next to the number of the extract.A not keeping up with IT developmentsB being away from the office too oftenC not praising achievementsD being obsessed with cost curlingE not understanding how long tasks takeF being poor at delegatingG not, listening to suggestionsH being neglectful of detail

填空题Do Part Six of the Reading Test. Give yourself 10 minutes to complete the task. ·In most of the lines there is one extra word. It is either grammatically incorrect or does not fit in with the sense of the text. Some lines, however, are correct. ·If a line is correct, write CORRECT next to it. ·If there is an extra word, write the extra word next to it. Economic 'globalisation' is a historical and process, the result of {{U}}and{{/U}} human innovation and technological progress. It refers to the increasing {{U}}CORRECT{{/U}}

填空题Is an internship really all that important? In years past，it was more common for college students to take summer jobs at local retail outlets or restaurants just fo earn money，said John A．Challenger，chief executive of Challenger Gray ＆ Christmas．But now an internship is seem as a votal first career step，he said．It can be extremely important as a way to determine which industries，companies and types of work are best for you，and as a way to secure future references and job offers． Once starting an internship，make the most of it．Above all．be realistic．Some people approach internships with a sense of entitlement，said Mark Oldman，founder of Vault，a career Web site，and the author of several books on internships．He added．‘it's hard to go from a campus hot stuff to a corporate layman，and it's ridicuious when some interns want to come in and change everything．’ (9) ． If you feel clueless，use that to your advantage． (10) ．Interns generally have more freedom than the average employee to pass across departments and hierarchies in search of help．They can gain valuable knowledge and mentors，because most people enjoy sharing their experience with a younger generation． In general，Mr.Oldman said，‘It's important for an intern to quickly decode the culture of the company and not step outside that．’That extends to the way you dress，Mr．Challenger said．‘A lot of times when you’re younger you want to show how unique you are rather than identify with others，’he said． (11) ． In the opinion of Mr.Oldman，internships are an ideal way for employers to find out whether a new worker is suitable for a particular job． (12) ．Therefore，as an intern，when you are asked to perform tasks that are boring and unimportant，you shouldn't feel wronged by that．You should be willing to do such work because that shows you are a hard worker，said Mr.Oldman． (13) ．‘Look for work，but do it gently or indirectly，and not too assertively，’Mr.Oldman added．‘do what's asked of you optimally and then offer your services for additional projects．’ Last but not least，there's something you can do to improve the chances that your internship will lead to a job offer．Before you leave，‘build a bridge to the future，’Mr.Oldman said．Go over what you learned with your managers．and tell them how much you appreciated the opportunity to work with them． (14) ．That way，even if your internship does not lead to a job at that company，it will help clear a path to your eventual employer． A．They enable employers to see who works hard，who gets along with everybody，who seems to fit Into their culture． B．And ask whether your managers would be willing to write a letter of recommendation before you leave． C．It is much more appropriate to approach the internship with a learning attitude，as suggested by Mr．Oldman． D．Many interns don't attach sufficient importance to this E．At the same time．be on the lookout for projects that will let you make good use of more advanced skills． F．The power of curious interns can’t be overestimated． G．In the workplace，however，you tend to be judged by your willingness to fit into the group's norms． H．But now an internship is seen as a vital first career step，he said。

填空题I enclose the claim which you ask us (send) ______, and I look for-ward to (hear) ______ from you.

填空题______