One of the most convenient and cheapest ways to see America is by riding a Greyhound bus. This interstate bus system connects all major cities in the United States,【C1】______ people with frequent and convenient service. The bus system even has an international service【C2】______ makes connection with cities in Canada and Mexico. Its network even extends to some of the smaller towns and out-of-the-way communities【C3】______ the great interior of the country. Traveling by bus may【C4】______ longer than flying by plane, but the terminals are located in the center of most cities and there is【C5】______ to the downtown area. These buses are comfortable and air-conditioned. They are all equipped with toilets in the rear to【C6】______ the convenience of the passengers, but there are some very severe【C7】______ of conduct which are strictly enforced. On all buses【C8】______ is forbidden and the consumption of alcoholic drinks is not allowed. 【C9】______ bus travel may not be suited to everyone's taste, it affords budget travelers the【C10】______ to see America in comfort and safety and at a leisurely unhurried pace.

Before high school teacher Kimberly Rugh got down to business at the start of a recent school week, she joked with her students about how she'd had to clean cake out of the corners of her house after her 2-year-old son's birthday party. This friendly combination of chitchat took place not in front of a blackboard but in an E-mail message that Rugh sent to the 135 students she's teaching at the Florida Virtual School, one of the nation's leading online high schools. The school's motto is "any time, any place, any path, any pace". Florida's E-school attracts many students who need flexible scheduling, from young tennis stars and young musicians to brothers Tobias and Tyler Heeb, who take turns working on the computer while helping out with their family's clam-farming business on Pine Island, off Florida's southwest coast. Home-schoolers also are well represented. Most students live in Florida, but 55 hail from West Virginia, where a severe teacher shortage makes it hard for many students to take advanced classes. Seven kids from Texas and four from Shanghai round out the student body. The great majority of Florida Virtual Schoolers—80 percent are enrolled in regular Florida public or private high schools. Some are busy overachievers. Others are retaking classes they barely passed the first time. The school's biggest challenge is making sure that students aren't left to sink or swim on their own. After the school experienced a disappointing course completion rate of just 40 percent in its early years, Executive Director Julie Young made a priority out of what she calls "relationship-building", asking teachers to stay in frequent E-mail and phone contact with their students. That personal touch has helped: The completion rate is now 80 percent. Critics of online classes say that while they may have a limited place, they are a poor substitute for the face-to-face contact and socialization that take place in brick-and-mortar classrooms. Despite opportunities for online chats, some virtual students say they'd prefer to have more interaction with their peers. Students and parents are quick to acknowledge that virtual schooling isn't for everyone. "If your child's not focused and motivated, I can only imagine it would be a night-mare," says Patricia Haygood of Orlando, whose two daughters are thriving at the Florida school. For those who have what it takes, however, virtual learning fills an important niche. "I can work at my own pace, on my own time," says Hackney. "It's the ultimate in student responsibility."

【T3】

" We've seen a【C1】______of people, people who have had longstanding problems with their sleep, who report that their sleep is getting worse because of the added stress of the economy,【C2】______people who are coming in, saying that they've never had a sleep problem before. " 【C3】______for sleep medications are at a record high.【C4】______if pill popping doesn't sound like the solution, consider a good old-fashioned power-nap. " You can nap【C5】______sleep loss, so after the fact, or you can nap in anticipation(预测,预料)of sleep loss because only sleep can replace sleep. " And napping may be just the ticket. Business is booming here at Yelo Wellness where believe it or not, people in Manhattan will pay nearly $ 30 for a 40-minute【C6】______ " I just think it makes a real【C7】______first of all in my work, I do a better job, which means I'm gonna get a better bonus, and I'm not gonna burn【C8】______" Two thirds of adults say sleepiness interferes with their concentration and makes handling stress on the job more difficult. Regulars here say the fee【C9】______is a small price to pay to overcome exhaustion. "Coming here, spending the money, taking a nap allows me to kind of bum the candle at【C10】______ends."

In a recent survey, Garber and Holtz concluded that the average half-hour children's television show contains 47 violent acts. When asked about the survey network television executive Jean Pater responded. "I sure as heck don't think that Bugs Bunny's pouring a glass of milk over a chipmunk's head is violence. " Unfortunately, both Garber and Holtz and Pater beg the question. The real issue is whether children view such acts as violence. The violence programming aimed at children almost always appears in the context of fantasy. Cartoon violence generally includes animation, humor, and a remote setting. There is no evidence of direct imitation of television violence by children, though there is evidence that fantasy violence can energize previously learned aggressive response such as a physical attack on another child during play. It is by no means clear, however, that the violence in a portrayal is solely responsible for this energizing effect. Rather, the evidence suggests that any exciting material can trigger subsequent aggressive behavior and that it is the excitation rather than the portrayal of violence that instigates or energizes any subsequent violent behavior. "Cold" imitation of violence by children is extremely rare, and the very occasional evidence of direct, imitative associations between television violence and aggressive behavior has been limited to extremely novel and violent acts by teenagers or adults with already established patterns of deviant behavior. The institutional effect means, in the short term, that exposure to violent portrayals could be dangerous if shortly after the exposure (within 15 to 20 minutes), the child happens to be in a situation that calls for interpersonal aggression as an appropriate response, for example, an argument between siblings or among peers. This same institutional effect, however, could be produced by other exciting but nonviolent television content or by any other excitational source, including, ironically, a parent's turning off the set. So there is no convincing causal evidence of any cumulative instigational effects such as more aggressive or violent dispositions in children. In fact, passivity is a more likely long term result of heavy viewing of television violence. The evidence does not warrant the strong conclusions advanced by many critics who tend to use television violence as a scapegoat to draw public attention away from the real causes of violence—causes like abusive spouses and parents and a culture that celebrates violence generally.

【T3】

A. You can frequently find young people there instead of the seniorsB. Maybe I can try it in the near futureC. I really enjoy the stylish and casual atmosphere thereAlan: Hi, buddy! How about your date last night?Dick: Perfect. I've invited the girl for UBC coffee. Actually I don't like coffee very much,but【D4】______ .Alan: Yeah. That's really a nice place to chill out with friends.【D5】______ .Dick: I've heard some young couples choose coffee bar to make their wedding ceremony. That must be very romantic.【D6】______.

Embarrassed, I nodded, trying to think of some way to________my error.

{{B}}Paper TwoTranslation{{/B}}

{{B}}WritingDirections: In this part, you are to write within 30 minutes a composition of no less than 150 words on the following topic. You could follow the clues suggested by the picture given below. Remember to write the composition clearly on the ANSWER SHEET.{{/B}}

Excerpt 1 From 2003 to 2050, the world's population is projected to grow from 6. 4 billion to 9. 1 billion, a 42% increase. If energy use per person and technology remain the same, total energy use and greenhouse gas emissions(mainly, CO 2 )will be 42% higher in 2050. But that's too low, because societies that grow richer use more energy. We need economic growth unless we condemn the world's poor to their present poverty and freeze everyone else's living standards. With modest growth, energy use and greenhouse emissions more than double by 2050. Excerpt 2 Although the threat of global warming has been known to the world for decades and all countries and leaders agree that we need to deal with the problem, we also know that the effects of measures, especially harsh measures taken in some countries, would be nullified(抵消)if other countries do not control their emissions. Whereas the UN team on climate change has found that the emissions of carbon dioxide would have to be cut globally by 60% to stabilize the content of CO 2 in the atmosphere, this path is not feasible for several reasons. Such deep cuts would cause a breakdown of the world economy. Excerpt 3 Climate change is one of the most important environmental issues facing humankind. Climate change may affect natural ecosystems in a variety of ways. In the short term, climate change can alter the mix of plant species in land ecosystems such as grasslands. In the long term, climate change has the potential to dramatically alter the geographic distribution of major vegetation types-savannas , forests, and tundra. Climate change can also potentially alter global ecosystem processes, including the cycling of carbon, nitrogen, phosphorus, and sulfur. Moreover, changes in these ecosystem processes can affect and be affected by changes in the plant species of the ecosystem and vegetation type. All of the climate change — induced alterations of natural ecosystems affect the services that these ecosystems provide to humans. Excerpt 4 Plants and animals adapt to climate change over centuries. At the current estimate of half a degree centigrade of warming per decade, vegetation may not keep up. Climatologist James Hansen predicts climate zones will shift toward the poles by 50 to 75 kilometers a year — faster than trees can naturally migrate. Species that find themselves in an unfamiliar environment will die. Excerpt 5 Scientists have long warned that some level of global warming is a done deal. Now, however, researchers are fleshing out how much future warming and sea-level rise the world has triggered. Excerpt 6 The practical conclusion is that if global warming is a potential disaster, the only solution is new technology. Only an aggressive research and development program might find ways of breaking our dependence on fossil fuels or dealing with it. Excerpt 7 The practical conclusion is that if global warming is a potential disaster, the only solution is new technology. Only an aggressive research and development program might find ways of breaking our dependence on fossil fuels or dealing with it.

Hollywood propaganda films of the late thirties and early forties can be divided【C1】______three general categories: films that praised America, films that introduced World War allies, and films that【C2】______the enemy. Beginning in the late thirties, Hollywood began producing a【C3】______of biography films, all【C4】______which glorified the American democratic tradition. John Ford's Young Mr. Lincoln(1939)and John Cromwell's Abe Lincoln in Illinois(1940)were examples of Hollywood's attempt【C5】______that American democracy gave everyone a【C6】______at success. In the early forties many Hollywood movies【C7】______an introduction to the American allies. Films【C8】______Mrs. Miniver(1942)and Journey for Margaret(1942) presented a sympathetic picture of the British people. During the latter part of the forties, Hollywood was determined to introduce American audiences to the enemy, and movies like Hitler's Children(1943)and Behind the Rising Sun(1944)portrayed German and Japanese brutality. Many of the latter anti-German and anti-Japanese films have since been criticized【C9】______their distorted and simplistic themes that presented the German and Japanese people【C10】______half-mad beasts.

I've only recently explored Shakespeare with profit and pleasure.

Born Sept. 11, 1907, in Boston, Alice Lillian Ellis was________of nine children.

BWritingDirections: In this part, you are to write within 30 minutes a composition of no less than 150 words on the following topic. You could follow the clues suggested by the picture given below. Remember to write the composition clearly on the ANSWER SHEET./B

Does brain power______as we get older? Scientists now have some surprising answers.

They questioned the validity of the contract which she signed five years ago.

The office desk, as we know it, may have had its day. A large study on the future of work in the UK predicts the rise of the "mobile worker" moving with notebook computer and mobile phone between office, home, hotel, airport or highway service station as the needs of a job demand. Today, more than five million people already spend some time working at home or on the move, according to a recent report. That number will rise dramatically over the coming decades, with mobile work becoming one of the fastest-growing types of employment. According to the study "Working in the Twenty-First Century", individuals will not necessarily see themselves as working from home. They could equally be working from the office, but they will be on the move from place to place, working at various times of the day, for much of the week. For a large proportion of workers, work in twenty years' time will be more about movement than staying in one place.

Computers will flourish because they enable us to accomplish tasks that could never before have been undertaken.

Nuclear power's danger to health, safety, and even life itself can be summed up in one word: radiation. Nuclear radiation has a certain mystery about it, partly because it cannot be detected by human senses. It can't be seen or heard, or touched or tasted, even though it may be all around us. There are other things like that. For example, radio waves are all around us but we can't detect them, sense them, without a radio receiver. Similarly, we can't sense radioactivity without a radiation detector. But unlike common radio waves, nuclear radiation is not harmless to human beings and other living things. At very high levels, radiation can kill an animal or human being outright by killing masses of cells in vital organs. But even the lowest levels can do serious damage. There is no level of radiation that is completely safe. If the radiation does not hit anything important, the damage may not be significant. This is the case when only a few cells are hit, and if they are killed outright, your body will replace the dead cells with healthy ones. But if the few cells are only damaged, and if they reproduce themselves, you may be in trouble. They reproduce themselves in a deformed way. They can grow into cancer. Sometimes this does not show up for many years. This is another reason for some of the mystery about nuclear radiation. Serious damage can be done without the victim being aware at the time that damage has occurred. A person can be irradiated and feel fine, then die of cancer five, ten, or twenty years later as a result. Or a child can be born weak or liable to serious illness as a result of radiation absorbed by its grandparents. Radiation can hurt us. We must know the truth.