单选题{{B}}Passage Three{{/B}} What's a label worth? A lot, it seems, when it comes to towels in a New York shop. Two Harvard University researchers, Michael Hiscox and Nicholas Smyth conducted an experiment on two sets of towels. One lot carried a label with the logo "Fair and Square" and the following message: These towels have been made under fair labor conditions, in a safe and healthy working environment which is free of discrimination, and where management has committed to respecting the rights and dignity of workers. The other set had no such label. Over five months, the researchers observed the impact of making various changes such as switching the label to the other set of towels and raising prices. The results were striking: not only did sales of towels increase when they carried the Fair and Square label, they carried on increasing each time the price was raised. No wonder companies are keen to appeal to ethically minded consumers, whether on labor standards or green credentials. On greenery, British consumers are divided into four broad groups. About one in ten is passionately green and will {{U}}go out of their way to shop accordingly{{/U}}. At the other end of the spectrum one-quarter are not interested. In-between are those who care but want green consumption to be easy, and those who are vaguely concerned but don't see how they can make a difference. That represents an opportunity: three-quarters of British consumers are interested in the green theme in some way. But even the keenest ethical consumer faces complicated trade-offs, and sometimes the apparently obvious ethical choice turns out to be the wrong one. Surely it must be greener for Britons to buy roses from the Netherlands than ones air-freighted from Kenya? In fact, a study at Cranfield University showed the carbon footprint of the Dutch roses to be six times as large because they had to be grown in heated greenhouses. Consumers are right to be suspicious of the ethical claims made for many products. A recent study of the labels of 1 018 products in big stores in North America by TerraChoice, an environmental marketing agency, found that almost all of them were guilty of some form of "green washing". They did not tell outright lies, but nor did they tell the whole truth.

单选题Laundry is, after all, just laundry. Except when it's not. And Procter & Gamble Co. recently realized that Tide, its segment-dominating cash cow, despite adding three share points in the past year for a total 42% of the category, was in jeopardy of slipping into mere commodity status. That's when consumers buy on price and habit, which can spell the end of brand growth. The problem. Tide for the past four years had only advertised mundane stain-fighting messages. Such creative indifference hardly did justice to an iconic brand so cool that Kevin Roberts, CEO of Tide agency Saatchi & Saatchi, wrote in his book, Love marks. The Future Beyond Brands. "I saw Neil Young in a recording studio wearing a sleeveless T-shirt with a Tide logo, and it just screamed possibilities." So, in an attempt to cultivate Tide's inner "love mark," new ads now dismiss the notion that laundry detergent is a mere commodity. Instead, they reflect P&G's conviction that the " relationship" women—they're not bothering with men—have with their laundry goes well beyond cleaning grass-stained T-shirts. Indeed, the effort is part of a company wide strategy to reestablish bonds between customers and all of its brands,no matter how mature or mundane Lynne Boyles, P&G global vice-president for advertising, says the company is on a mission to unearth and cultivate the deep connections people have with its products. "We are striving for that with all of our brands." The P&G team concluded that it needed more than Marketing 101 ads. One TV commercial depicts a pregnant woman spilling ice cream on the last shirt that fits. Another shows a mother in white pants rushing from her office today care and then with her daughter to a park. The message: Tide lets women focus on the important things. The new slogan says little about cleaning. Instead, "Tide knows fabric best" is meant to encompass the broader range of Tide products on the shelf today. The Tide ads reflect the mandate of P&G marketing chief James Stengel that brands must speak to consumers eye-to-eye rather than relentlessly driving product benefits. Behind the strategy lies the cold truth that product benefits are quickly copied, whether it's cleaning power or diaper absorbency. So P&G is putting more capital into how a consumer feels toward a brand, a value harder to replicate. As the market leader, P&G's best course is to "stake out the emotional high ground," says Graham Woodall, executive creative director at ad agency JWT Worldwide.

单选题We (cannot hardly) expect adolescents (to have respect) for the possessions of others (if) they have no hope of attaining any of (their) own.

单选题 A presentation has two important components: what you say and {{U}}(56) {{/U}} you deliver it. The term delivery covers a wide {{U}}(57) {{/U}} of features of speaking and eye contact is one of them. The appropriate use of eye contact {{U}}(58) {{/U}} from one culture to another. In some cultures, women are {{U}}(59) {{/U}} to lower their eyes in most communication {{U}}(60) {{/U}}; in others, younger people must keep their eyes lowered when addressing older people. {{U}}(61) {{/U}}, in the United States, {{U}}(62) {{/U}} you are addressing an individual, a small group of people, or a larger audience, you are expected to look at them. You do not have to stare {{U}}(63) {{/U}} and continuously; {{U}}(64) {{/U}}, it is appropriate when speaking to one person to {{U}}(65) {{/U}} occasionally. In a small group you should look around at the different members of the group. {{U}}(66) {{/U}} when addressing a larger audience, you should try to make eye contact with different people around the room. It is important to look at the {{U}}(67) {{/U}} Audience, not just the people in the center of the room, {{U}}(68) {{/U}} you will probably have to turn your head and/or your body in order to make proper eye contact with people {{U}}(69) {{/U}} at the sides of the room. If you look at the floor or the ceiling, you will give the impression that you are not interested in your audience. A speaker establishes friendly relationship with the audience mainly {{U}}(70) {{/U}} eye contact, and good relationship is essential to the success of any speech.

单选题Eager to see these celebrities, she ______ accepted the invitation to the party.

单选题The problems themselves are still not truly strategic because the operation of the global environment is not affected and the survival of civilization is not Uat stake/U.

单选题{{B}}Passage Four{{/B}} Imagine a world in which there was suddenly no emotion--a world in which human beings could feel no love or happiness, no terror or hate. Try to imagine the consequences of such a transformation. People might not be able to stay alive: knowing neither joy nor pleasure, anxiety nor fear, they would be as likely to repeat acts that hurt them as acts that were beneficial. They could not learn: they could not benefit from experience because this emotional world would lack rewards and punishments. Society would soon disappear: people would be as likely to harm one another as to provide help and support. Human relationships would not exist: in a World without' friends or enemies, there could be no marriage, affection among companions, or bonds among members of groups. Society's economic underpinnings (支柱) would be destroyed: since earning $10 million would be no more pleasant than earning ＄10, there would be no incentive to work. In fact, there would be no incentives of any kind. For as we will see, incentives imply a capacity to enjoy them. In such a world, the chances that the human species would survive are next to zero, because emotions are the basic instrument of our survival and adaptation. Emotions structure the world for us in implant ( 嵌入, 插入)ways. As individuals, we categorize objects on the basis of our emotions. True, we consider the length, shape, size, or texture, but an object's physical aspects are less important than what it has done or can do to us--hurt us, surprise us, anger us or make us joyful. We also use categorizations colored by emotions in our families, communities, and overall society. Out of our emotional experiences with objects and events comes a social feeling of agreement that certain things and actions are "good" and others are "bad", and we apply these categories to every aspect of our social life--from what foods we eat and what clothes we wear to how we keep promises and which people our group will accept. In fact, society exploits our emotional reactions and attitudes, such as loyalty, morality, pride, shame, guilt, fear and greed, in order to maintain itself. It gives high rewards to individuals who perform important tasks such as surgery, makes heroes out of individuals for unusual or dangerous achievements such as flying fighter planes in a war, and uses the legal and penal (刑法的) system to make people afraid to engage in antisocial acts.

单选题Man: I hear you have been working part-time. Woman: Yeah, I must stand on my own feet. My parents are retired and their health is declining. Question: What does the woman mean?

单选题A: Just look at the fog outside. B: ______.

单选题(Alongside) these technical skills we need (to extend) and refine our social skills. The basis of this is (to avoid) any sense (of be) a special category of person.

单选题X-rays are also called Rontgen rays ______ the discoverer who first put them to use.

单选题{{B}}Passage Four{{/B}} Without question there are plenty of bargains to be had at sales time—particularly at the top-quality shops whose reputation depends on having only the best and newest goods in stock each season. They tend, for obvious reasons, to be the fashion or seasonal goods which in due course become the biggest bargains. It is true that some goods are specially brought in for the sales but these too can provide exceptional value. A manufacturer may have the end of a range left on his hands and be glad to sell the lot off cheaply to shops; or he may have a surplus of a certain material which he is glad to make up and get rid of cheaply; or he may be prepared to produce a special line at low cost merely to keep his employees busy during a slack period. He is likely to have a good many "seconds" available and if their defects are trifling these may be particularly good bargains. Nevertheless, sales do offer a special opportunity for sharp practices and shoppers need to be extra critical. For example the "second" should be clearly marked as such and not sold as if they were perfect. (The term "substandard", incidentally, usually indicates a more serious defect than "seconds".) More serious is the habit of marking the price down from an alleged previous price which is in fact fictitious. Misdescription of this and all other kinds is much practiced by the men who run one day sales of carpets in church halls and the like. As the sellers leave the district the day after the sale there is little possibility of {{U}}redress{{/U}}. In advertising sales, shops may say "only 100 left" when in fact they have plenty more; conversely they may say "10 000 at half-price" when only a few are available at such a drastic reduction. If ever the warning "let the buyer beware" were necessary it is during sales.

单选题The patient's condition has {{U}}deteriorated{{/U}} since he had a heart attack.

单选题A: I'd like to see Dr. Smith, please.B: ______

单选题By "a one-way street" (Line 1, Par

单选题During volcanic ______, dark clouds of smoke fill the sky, bringing fears to local residents.

单选题 A recent report on population trend conducted by the think {{U}}(1) {{/U}} of the World watch Institute identifies signs of slowing growth in some countries. It says populations in 32 countries—all in the industrialized world—have stabilized because of declining birthrates. But in a handful of developing countries where population is slowing, the cause isn't something to {{U}}(2) {{/U}}, because more people are dying. This trend is called "population fatigue", and it's beginning in many of the developing countries that have experienced {{U}}(3) {{/U}} birthrates and sharp population growth for several decades. Governments in these countries are now having trouble dealing with feeding, housing and educating an increasing number of children, {{U}}(4) {{/U}} at the same time confronting the falling water {{U}}(5) {{/U}}, deforestation and soil erosion that rapid population growth brings. In these countries any new threat—infectious disease, drought or famine—can become a {{U}}(6) {{/U}} crisis. AIDS is a case {{U}}(7) {{/U}}. WHO estimates calculate that one-quarter of the adult population of Zimbabwe and Botswana are infected with the AIDS virus, {{U}}(8) {{/U}}, these countries stands to lose at least one-quarter of their labor force in the next decade from AIDS alone, a situation {{U}}(9) {{/U}} since the yellow fever swept through Europe in the 14'h century. Social unrest is also increasing in these countries. One example is the {{U}}(10) {{/U}} conflict between the Tutsis and the Hutus in Rwanda, where population pressures reduced cropland {{U}}(11) {{/U}} where it could no longer feed those who lived on it. Demands on the world fisheries and shared water resources are likely to spark similar conflicts. Already the waters of the Nile are so heavily used that little reaches the Mediterranean, so any increase in demand or {{U}}(12) {{/U}} in allocation will also increase tensions. The bottom line is that human population growth is {{U}}(13) {{/U}} to slow one way or the other. Developing societies will either recognize problems {{U}}(14) {{/U}} the horizon and act to encourage smaller families — or unchecked births will have their {{U}}(15) {{/U}} in rising death rates.

单选题Watching these kids grow brings me satisfaction that is difficult to surpass .

单选题According to the survey, the sharers women consist of______.

单选题It is not clear whether the increase in reports is stemmed from greater human activity or is simply the result of more surveys.