Writeacompositionofatleast150wordsbasedonthefollowinggraph.Youshouldinterpretthegraph,giveyouropiniononthephenomenon,andusespecificreasonsand/orexamplestosupportyourself.WriteyouranswersontheANSWERSHEET.

The word science is heard so often in modern times that almost everybody has some notion of its meaning. On the other hand, its definition is difficult for many people. The meaning of the term is confused, but everyone should understand its meaning and objectives. Just to make the explanation as simple as possible, suppose science is defined as classified knowledge(facts). Even in the true sciences distinguishing fact from fiction is not always easy. For this reason great care should be taken to distinguish between beliefs and truths. There is no danger as long as a clear difference is made between temporary and proved explanations. For example, hypotheses(假设)and theories are attempts to explain natural phenomena. From these positions the scientist continues to experiment and observe until they are proved or discredited(使不相信). The exact status of any explanation should be clearly labeled to avoid confusion. The objectives of science are primarily the discovery and the subsequent understanding of the unknown. Man cannot be satisfied with recognizing that secrets exist in nature or that questions are unanswerable; he must solve them. Toward that end specialists in the field of biology and related fields of interest are directing much of their time and energy. Actually, two basic approaches lead to the discovery of new information. One, aimed at satisfying curiosity, is referred to as pure science. The other is aimed at using knowledge for specific purposes—for instance, improving health, raising standards of living, or creating new consumer products. In this case knowledge is put to economic use. Such an approach is referred to as applied science. Sometimes practical-minded people miss the point of pure science in thinking only of its immediate application for economic rewards. Chemists responsible for many of the discoveries could hardly have anticipated that their findings would one day result in applications of such a practical nature as those directly related to life and death. The discovery of one bit of information opens the door to the discovery of another. Some discoveries seem so simple that one is amazed they were not made years ago; however, one should remember that the construction of the microscope had to precede the discovery of the cell. The host of scientists dedicating their lives to pure science are not apologetic(抱歉)about ignoring the practical side of their discoveries; they know from experience that most knowledge is eventually applied.

Like many of my generation, I have a weakness for hero worship. At some point, however, we all question our heroes and our need for them. This leads us to ask: What is a hero? Despite immense differences in cultures, heroes around the world generally share a number of characteristics that instruct and inspire people. A hero does something worth talking about. A hero has a story of adventure to tell and a community who will listen. But a few does beyond mere fame. Heroes serve powers or principles larger than themselves. Like high-voltage transformers, heroes take the energy of higher powers and step it down so that it can be used by ordinary people. The hero lives a life worthy of imitation. Those who imitate a genuine, a hero experience life with new depth, enthusiasm, and meaning. A sure test for would-be heroes is what or whom do they serve? What are they willing to live and die for? If the answer or evidence suggests they serve only their own fame, they may be famous persons but not heroes. Madonna and Michael Jackson are famous, but who would claim that their fans find life more abundant? Heroes are catalysts (催化剂) for change. They have a vision from the mountain-top. They have the skill and the charm to move the masses. They create new possibilities. Without Gandhi, India might still be part of the British Empire. Without Rosa Parks and Martin Luther King, Jr., we might still have segregated (隔离的) buses, restaurants, and parks. It may be possible for largescale change to occur without leaders with magnetic personalities, but the pace of change would be slow, the vision uncertain, and the committee meetings endless.

A. It's really family first.B. the real work will start when they walk off the stage.C. then it was just a penalty.D. because I'm a pretty street-smart guy.Yorke: You've talked about finding meaning in suffering. What do you mean by that?McGrow: Everybody at some point is going to have misfortune. I think if we don't learn from that, 【D7】______But if you use it, then it becomes tuition. I draw a lot on my personal experiences. It's hard for people to deceive me, 【D8】______Yorke: Are there families who come on your show but whom you feel you just can't help?McGrow: I never think that I'm doing eight-minute cures on television. But I think that 50 percent of the solution to any problem lies in defining it first. I can be an emotional compass that points them down the path, but 【D9】______Yorke: What would you say is the greatest value system that you have?McGrow: 【D10】______ Our family and its properties, needs, values, come before everything else—work, recreation, whatever.

Sometimes, the messages are conveyed through deliberate , conscious gestures; other times, our bodies talk without our even knowing.

Anew material________, we have good reason to be optimistic.

{{B}}ClozeDirections: In this part, there is a passage with 15 blanks. For each blank there are 4 choices marked A, B, C and D. Choose the best answer for each blank and mark the corresponding letter with a single bar across the square brackets on your machine-scoring ANSWER SHEET.{{/B}}

It is A indeed hard to overestimate the value of language in communication, B but it is even C hard to overestimate D its value in thinking.

A. That's right, John.B. Why should we believe you this time?C. But Mrs. Faulkes, you said that five years ago when you were campaigning for the last general election.D. How's the campaign going?Interviewer: In our radio car we have Geraldine Faulkes who is on the campaign trail in the constituency of Liverpool north-east. Good morning, Mrs. Faulkes. Mrs. Faulkes: Good morning, John.Interviewer: Now, Mrs. Faulkes. It's only three weeks till the general election. 【D7】______Mrs. Faulkes: I am fully confident that the Conservative Party will win this general election and that the people of this country will welcome five more years of good Conservative Government. Interviewer: I see. Now I believe that your party is promising tax cuts if it wins the election.Mrs. Faulkes: 【D8】______We are the party of low taxation and we believe that our economic policies over the past five years have been the right policies. Our economy is growing stronger and now is the right time for income tax cuts. Interviewer:【D9】______You said you would lower taxes five years ago, but you didn't, did you?Mrs. Faulkes: Our economic policies over the last five years have given us one of the strongest economies in Europe with some of the lowest interest rates. We said that we were going to lower interest rates at the last election and we have delivered our promise. And what's more we believe that interest rates will remain low if we are elected for another term. Interviewer: But I don't think low interest rates are the same as lower taxes. You said you would lower taxes and you didn't. 【D10】______Mrs. Faulkes: The economy of the country is now very healthy thanks to good government, and I believe that now is the time for tax cuts.

A hundred years ago it was assumed and scientifically "proved" by economists that the laws of society make it necessary to have a vast army of poor and jobless people in order to keep the economy going. Today, hardly anybody would dare to voice the principle. It is generally accepted that nobody should be excluded from the wealth of the nation, either by the law of nature or by those of society. The opinions are outdated, which were current a hundred years ago, that the poor owed their conditions to their ignorance, lack of responsibility. In all western industrialized countries, a system of insurance has been introduced which guarantees everyone a minimum of subsistence in case of unemployment, sickness and old age. I would go one step further and argue that, even if these conditions are not present, in other words, one can claim this subsistence minimum without having to have any "reason". I would suggest, however, that it should be limited to a definite period of time, let's say two years, so as to avoid the encouragement of an abnormal attitude which refuses any kind of social obligation. This may sound like a fantastic proposal, but so, I think, our insurance system would have sounded to people a hundred years ago. The main objection to such a scheme would be that if each person were entitled to receive minimum support, people would not work. This assumption rests on the fallacy of the inherent laziness. In human nature, actually, aside from abnormally lazy people, there would be very few who would not want to earn more than the minimum, and who would prefer to do nothing rather than work. However, the suspicions against a system of guaranteed subsistence minimum are not groundless from the standpoint of those who want to use ownership capital for the purpose of forcing others to accept the work conditions they offer. If nobody were forced to accept work in order not to starve, work would be sufficiently interesting and attractive in order to induce one to accept it. Freedom of contract is possible only if both parties are free to accept and reject it; in the present capitalist system this is not the case. But such a system would not only be the beginning of real freedom of contract between employers and employees; its principal advantage would be the improvement of freedom in interpersonal relationships in every sphere of daily life.

With high hopes, the company sent samples of the substance to scientists, but they couldn't________any practical uses for it.

Their business flourished at its new location a year later owing to their joint efforts and hard work.

Most people who travel long distance complain of jetlag. Jetlag makes business travelers less productive and more prone【C1】______ making mistakes. It is actually caused by disruption of your "body clock"—a small cluster of brain cells that controls the timing of biological【C2】______ . The body clock is designed for a regular rhythm of daylight and darkness, so that it is thrown out of balance when it【C3】______ daylight and darkness at the "wrong" times in a new time zone. The【C4】______ of jetlag of ten persist for days while the internal body clock slowly adjusts to the new time zone. Now a new anti-jetlag system is【C5】______ that is based on proven【C6】______ pioneering scientific research. Dr. Martin Mooreede had devised a practical strategy to adjust the body clock much sooner to the new time zone【C7】______ controlled exposure to bright light. The time zone shift is easy to accomplish and eliminates【C8】______ of the discomfort of jetlag. A successful time zone shift depends on knowing the exact times to either【C9】______ or avoid bright light. Exposure to light at the wrong time can actually make jetlag worse. The proper schedule for light exposure depends a great deal on【C10】______ travel plans.

Hardly a week goes by without some advance in technology that would have seemed incredible 50 years ago.

Artificial intelligence deals partly with the________ between the computer and the human brain.

In most South American countries rail transport is plagued by operational problems as well as by obsolete equipment.

Unless we spend money to spot and prevent asteroids (小行星) now, one might crash into Earth and destroy life as we know it, say some scientists. Asteroids are bigger versions of the meteoroids (流星) that race across the night sky. Most orbit the sun far from Earth and don't threaten us. But there are also thousands whose orbits put them on a collision course with Earth. Buy $ 40 million worth of new telescopes right now. Then spend $ 10 million a year for the next 25 years to locate most of the space rocks. By the time we spot a fatal one, the scientists say, we'll have a way to change its course. Some scientists favor pushing asteroids off course with nuclear weapons. But the cost wouldn't be cheap. Is it worth it? Two things experts consider when judging any risk are: 1) How likely the event is;2) How bad the consequences if the event occurs. Experts think an asteroid big enough to destroy lots of life might strike Earth once every 400,000 years. Sounds pretty rare—but if one did fall, it would be the end of the world. "If we don't take care of these big asteroids, they'll take care of us," says one scientist. "It's that simple." The cure, though, might be worse than the disease. Do we really want fleets of nuclear weapons sitting around on Earth? "The world has less to fear from doomsday (毁灭性的) rocks than from a great nuclear fleet set against them," said a New York Times article.

When a post office handles A large quantities of mail daily, it is essential that mechanical methods B are used C to maintain production and insure D prompt delivery of the mails.

The research shows that nearly 130 species of birds are vulnerable to the predicted effects of climate change.

A. Create a creative space.B. Keep an open mind.C. Anything is possible.D. Don't neglect the detail.E. Tie into your business goals. Creating a Creative Workforce Placing an emphasis on creativity within the workforce is one of the smartest things that you can do in any economic circumstance. Creativity leads to innovation, which in turn leads to increased performance, morale and dynamism. These elements are always essential to a successful business, but they are of even greater value at times of economic uncertainty. Below are some tips on how to encourage your colleagues to make more creative decisions and inspired judgements. 【R1】______ To enable truly creative solutions, you must first ensure that your team has a collectively open mind to the possibilities that lay out there. All too often, teams can get trapped within current company mentalities, outlooks and culture, and this can impede innovative ideas from surfacing. Try and create a situation whereby existing thinking is placed on hold, by using a few games (word association is a popular choice) to free people's minds up from their normal thinking patterns at the beginning of the session. 【R2】______ Conventional offices are not natural places to inspire creativity, by virtue of the compartmentalized workspace and formal settings that they can provide. It can therefore be helpful to develop an environment—either within the entire office or within a segment of it that is conducive to free thinking. In this way, you can psychologically remove your colleagues from their existing roles and get them to concentrate on less rigid, more creative solutions to your company's commercial challenges. 【R3】______ Creativity is the ability to approach any subject matter with fresh perspectives and create revolutionary ideas within it that did not exist before. At the beginning of your session, try to allow as many different voices within the team to be heard and do not dismiss any idea at this stage, no matter how ludicrous it may sound. Group creativity is based on trust and people will need to be encouraged to let their minds roam around the creative challenge if genuine progress is to be made. There will be time to rationalize later, but always start from the basis that anything is indeed possible. 【R4】______ Being creative is a great attribute for any employee or team to possess, although it is fundamental that you direct the creative energies and ideas within the session towards real business goals. There is no point in nurturing creativity within your workplace it has the chance to flex its muscle on legitimate business objectives, and the ability to put ideas into tangible commercial action is the sign of a dynamic company. 【R5】______ As a general rule of thumb, people who tend to be effective on the creative side tend also to be less effective on the details that support the "big idea". Whilst you are developing the creativity within your team, it is also important to build an attention to reality and detail within the procedure. A great idea is nothing if it cannot practically be put into action, and the mechanics of the concept are every bit as important as the overall idea itself. A good mix of individual skills and process should allow the transition from concept to reality to be smooth. The creative process is, by definition, a positive and constructive act, and the establishment of an effective creative process within your company can lead to many benefits, both internally and externally. Creative thinking may well add significantly to your company's bottom line, although it can be just as valuable a process in uniting and focusing a team towards business objectives that they had a part in creating. Mixing up people from different departments can also help the process, and allow your teams to integrate with each other in a way that may not have been possible before.