单选题{{B}}Passage Two{{/B}} Ask why most people are right-handed, and the answer might fall along the same lines as why fish school(鱼成群地游). Two neuroscientists suggest that social pressures drive individuals to coordinate their behaviors so that everyone in the group gets an evolutionary edge. Approximately 85 percent of people prefer their right hand, which is controlled by the left hemisphere of the brain. One theorized benefit of locating a particular function in one hemisphere is that it frees the other to deal with different tasks. But that idea does not explain why. population-wide trends for handedness exist in the first place. Moreover, evidence gleaned in recent years has overturned the long-held belief that human handedness is a unique by-product of brain specialization attributable to language. A suite of studies has revealed brain lateralization in species from fish to primates(灵长类). Last August, for instance, scientists discovered that in the wild, chimpanzees show hand preferences. The presence of lateralization throughout the animal kingdom suggests some benefit from it, contend neuroscientists Giorgio Vallortigara of the University of Trieste and Lesley Rogers of the University of New England in Australia. Also, last August, in the journal Behavioral and Brain Sciences, the two presented evidence to support their idea that social constraints force individuals toward asymmetry in the same direction. They noted, for example, that baby chickens attack more readily when a threat appears on their left. And Rogers has found that chicks with more asymmetrical brains form more stable social groups: perhaps by approaching each other on the right, she hypothesizes, the chicks fight one another less and are more likely to notice predators. Lateralization seems to confer an advantage for some fish as well. In certain species, the majority tend to swim left when a predator attacks, whereas other species head right. The potential benefits of such patterns may not seem intuitive: a predator could learn that attacking a fish on one particular side is more effective. But Vallortigara and Rogers's idea fits with the conventional explanation of why fish school at all. When threatened, fish turning in the same direction have a greater chance of survival than if they scatter to become a darting swarm of head-butting fish. Nevertheless, the bird and fish. data do not explain human handedness. "The issue then becomes: maybe this lateralization long predates the rise of the mammals," speculates Robin Dunbar ,an evolutionary psychologist at the University of Liverpool in England.

单选题On (each) side of the highway (was) hundreds of billboards (advertising) everything from modern motels to roadside stands that sell (fresh fruit) and bedspreads.

单选题What do you think the writer is really concerned about?

单选题{{B}}Passage Four{{/B}} Dollars and cents are the basic units of American money. The back of all dollar bills are green (hence "greenbacks"). The commonly used coins are one cent (penny) ,five cents ( nickel), 10 cents(dime),and 25 cents (quarter), 50 cents (half dollar) and silver dollars (not really silver anymore) are gaining in usage, while there has been talk of phasing out the penny that's inflation for you. "Always carry plenty of quarters when traveling. Very useful for phones, soda machines, laundry machines, etc." There is generally no problem in using US dollars in Canada, but this is never possible in reverse. It's useful always to carry small change for things like exact fare buses, but do not carry large sums of cash. Instead keep the bulk of your money in travelers' checks which can be purchased both in the US and abroad and should be in dollar denominations. The best known checks are those of American Express, so you will have the least difficulty cashing there, even in out of the way places. Thomas Cook travelers' checks are also acceptable, especially as lost ones can be reclaimed at some car rental companies. Dollar denomination checks can be used like regular money. There's no need to cash them at a bank: use them instead to pay for meals, supermarket purchases or whatever. Ten or twenty dollar checks are accepted like this almost always and you'll be given change just as though you'd presented the cashier with dollar bills. Be prepared to show I.D. when you cash your checks. Credit cards can be even more valuable than travelers' checks, as they are often used to guarantee room reservations over the phone and are accepted in lieu of deposit when renting a car—indeed without a credit card you may be considered so untrustworthy that not only a deposit but your passport will be held as security too. The major credit cards are VISA, Master Charge and Access, Diners Club and American Express. If you hold a bank card, it could well be worthwhile to increase your credit limit for travel purposes—you should ask your bank manager.

单选题The ______ and creativity of these designers manifest themselves in this fashion show.

单选题Beginners of English are ______ to make many grammatical errors in speech.

单选题Public acceptance of rabbit as an economical source of protein depends how aggressivelyproducers market it .

单选题Man: The new Chevy Chase film was terrific!Woman: Oh, come off it, Al. Chevy Chase is a great comedian, but he surely didn't show it in that movie.Question: What does the woman think of the movie?

单选题The best title of the passage is .

单选题Many youngsters have heard their parents say "You'll never {{U}}amount to{{/U}} anything if you keep daydreaming that way!"

单选题{{B}}Passage One{{/B}} Bored while waiting at the bus stop, Kate sticks a cigarette in her mouth just as she notices a billboard across the road. The small print reads, "Warning: Smoking causes lung cancer, heart disease, emphysema(肺气肿)and may complicate pregnancy." Kate stops for a moment. "How many have I had already today?" she asks herself. But then she lights up. "I don't smoke that much," she reasons, to quiet her conscience. "And anyway, I exercise and eat pretty well." Every day we wrestle with opposing viewpoints that battle it out in our minds—a tension known as cognitive dissonance. Social psychologist Leon Festinger developed the concept in 1957, from the assumption that human beings fundamentally strive for harmony in their thinking. In the face of contradictory paths, our minds attempt to restore internal peace. We strive for the reconciliation of two conflicting thoughts, even if we must resort to a third to attain it, such as, "Gramps smoked a pack a day, and he lived to be 90." Since Festinger's time, numerous researchers have shown how we attempt to reduce mental tension. To become truly content, it seems, we should favor smart choices over emotional ones, but even then, we may need to fool ourselves into thinking we have made the right decision. Imagine you are looking to buy a used car. Two models stand out—a practical little sedan that does not use much gas and a stylish, fuel-guzzling sports car. After a good deal of back and-forth, you decide on the sports car. But as soon as you have driven it off the lot, you get an ill feeling in your stomach. Shouldn't you have purchased the more efficient model? Consumers call this feeling buyer's remorse. Psychologists call the tension that occurs after such decision making the regret effect. But cognitive salvation comes quickly. "Don't be an idiot, "you tell yourself. "You'd be too cramped driving in that little thing. And the sports car has side air bags. And a CD player." The good features of the chosen car get bumped up in estimation, whereas the bad features of the rejected one get exaggerated. Internal harmony is restored. Researchers are finding more and more examples of cognitive dissonance. In 2003 and 2004 studies by Michael I. Norton, now at Harvard Business School, and Monin of Stanford University unveiled a vicarious form of the phenomenon. In one exercise, students who were waiting to participate in an experiment overheard a staged conversation in which an investigator convinced a student to present an opinion during discussion time that would contradict what he believed: he was to speak in favor of tuition increases. Students who heard the coercion and later were part of the discussion voiced less skepticism about tuition hikes than they had previously. Apparently, the knowledge of their classmate's presumed internal conflict caused cognitive tension in them as well. The easiest way to restore equilibrium was to agree with their friend's stated position. The potential for artificially inducing such attitudinal change is limited, nonetheless. Social psychologists Fritz Strack and Bertram Gawronski in a 2004 study of social groups found that although we may change our conscious attitudes to justify contradictory behavior, our basic unconscious thoughts and feelings are not easily remolded—even clearly impugned social views such as prejudice.

单选题A: Hello, many happy returns] B: ______

单选题Man: Hi, Susan. I hear your ski trip was out of this world!Woman: It was wonderful! I didn't want to come back to the real world!Question: What can we learn about Susan?

单选题Man: Mother says that she will take us to the National Park this weekend, and the Fragrant Hills for a picnic after the exam. Woman: That's too good to be true. I'll be delighted if she does not give me more assignments to do. Question: What can we learn from the conversation?

单选题Priscilla Ouchida's "energy-efficient" house turned out to be a horrible dream. When she and her engineer husband married a few years ago, they built a $100,000, three-bed- room home in California. Tightly sealed to prevent air leaks, the house was equipped with small double-paned (双层玻璃的) windows and several other energy-saving features. Problems began as soon as the couple moved in, however. Priscilla's eyes burned. Her throat was constantly dry. She suffered from headaches and could hardly sleep. It was as though she had suddenly developed a strange illness. Experts finally traced the cause of her illness. The level of formaldehyde (甲醛) gas in her kitchen was twice the maximum allowed by federal standards for chemical workers. The source of the gas? Her new kitchen cabinets and wall-to-wall carpeting. The Ouehidas are victims of indoor air pollution, which is not given sufficient attention partly because of the nation's drive to save energy. The problem itself isn't new. "The indoor environment was dirty long before energy conservation came along," says Moschandreas, a pollution scientist at Geomet Technologies in Maryland. "Energy conservation has tended to accentuate the situation in some cases. " The problem appears to be more troublesome in newly constructed homes rather than old ones. Back in the days when energy was cheap, home builders didn't worry much about unsealed cracks. Because of such leaks, the air in an average home was replaced by fresh outdoor air about once an hour. As a result, the pollutants generated in most households seldom built up to dangerous levels.

单选题Drug use accounts for Uapproximately/U three-quarters of all reported cases of HIV in the country.

单选题{{B}}Passage Three{{/B}} Laundry is, after all, just laundry. Except when it's not. And Procter & Gamble Co. recently realized that Tide, its segment-dominating cash cow, despite adding three share points in the past year for a total 42% of the category, was in jeopardy of slipping into mere commodity status. That's when consumers buy on price and habit, which can spell the end of brand growth. The problem. Tide for the past four years had only advertised mundane stain-fighting messages. Such creative indifference hardly did justice to an iconic brand so cool that Kevin Roberts, CEO of Tide agency Saatchi & Saatchi, wrote in his book, Love marks. The Future Beyond Brands. "I saw Neil Young in a recording studio wearing a sleeveless T-shirt with a Tide logo, and it just screamed possibilities." So, in an attempt to cultivate Tide's inner "love mark," new ads now dismiss the notion that laundry detergent is a mere commodity. Instead, they reflect P&G's conviction that the " relationship" women—they're not bothering with men—have with their laundry goes well beyond cleaning grass-stained T-shirts. Indeed, the effort is part of a company wide strategy to reestablish bonds between customers and all of its brands,no matter how mature or mundane Lynne Boyles, P&G global vice-president for advertising, says the company is on a mission to unearth and cultivate the deep connections people have with its products. "We are striving for that with all of our brands." The P&G team concluded that it needed more than Marketing 101 ads. One TV commercial depicts a pregnant woman spilling ice cream on the last shirt that fits. Another shows a mother in white pants rushing from her office today care and then with her daughter to a park. The message: Tide lets women focus on the important things. The new slogan says little about cleaning. Instead, "Tide knows fabric best" is meant to encompass the broader range of Tide products on the shelf today. The Tide ads reflect the mandate of P&G marketing chief James Stengel that brands must speak to consumers eye-to-eye rather than relentlessly driving product benefits. Behind the strategy lies the cold truth that product benefits are quickly copied, whether it's cleaning power or diaper absorbency. So P&G is putting more capital into how a consumer feels toward a brand, a value harder to replicate. As the market leader, P&G's best course is to "stake out the emotional high ground," says Graham Woodall, executive creative director at ad agency JWT Worldwide.

单选题The way people hold to the belief that a fun-filled, painfree life equals happiness actually reduces their chances of ever attaining real happiness. If fun and pleasure are equal to happiness then pain must be equal to unhappiness. But in fact, the opposite is true: more often than not things that lead to happiness involve some pain. As a result, many people avoid the very attempts that are the source of true happiness. They fear the pain inevitably brought by such things as marriage, raising children, professional achievement, religious commitment (承担的义务), self-improvement. Ask a bachelor (单身汉) why he resists marriage even though he finds dating to be less and less satisfying. If he is honest he will tell you that he is afraid of making a commitment. For commitment is in fact quite painful. The single life is filled with fun, adventure, excitement. Marriage has such moments, but they are not its most distinguishing features. Couples with infant children are lucky to get a whole night's sleep or a three-day vacation. I don't know any parent who would choose the word fun to describe raising children. But couples who decide not to have children never know the joys of watching a child grow up or of playing with a grandchild. Understanding and accepting that true happiness has nothing to do with fun is one of the most liberating realizations. It liberates time: now we can devote more hours to activities that can genuinely increase our happiness. It liberates money: buying that new car or those fancy clothes that will do nothing to increase our happiness now seems pointless. And it liberates us from envy: we now understand that all those who are always having so much fun actually may not be happy at all.

单选题The game was called off because of the rain.

单选题The population in last area was growing rapidly. Needless to say, the housing problem there cried out for immediate solution.