单选题{{B}}Passage Three{{/B}} An ethics crisis at one of the world's most successful human embryonic stem cell laboratories has plunged the controversial field of research into a new swirl of uncertainty. The accusations surrounding Korean cloning expert Woo Suk Hwang of Seoul National University--the first scientist to grow stem cells inside cloned human embryos--has already killed a spate of planned studies that sought to prove the cells' medical potential. The claims that Hwang may have obtained human eggs for his studies from women who felt pressured to donate are also reigniting a long-smoldering debate in the United States over the ethics of paying young women for their eggs, which are difficult to obtain but essential to the production of stem cells tailored to individuals. Egg donation, which is generally safe but occasionally leads to serious and even life-threatening complications, has been a wedge issue in the stem cell debates, linking feminists and other liberal thinkers to conservatives who favor tighter limits on stem cell research. "We're in danger of making women into guinea pigs for this research even before there are any treatments to be tested," said Marcy Darnovsky, associate director of the Center for Genetics and Society in Oakland, Calif. "We really need clear rules that someone is enforcing." With current techniques, it takes dozens of eggs to make a single cloned human embryo, which is destroyed in the process of extracting the stem cells. That means that if the field of therapeutic cloning is to advance--a field involving the creation of cloned embryos as sources of stem cells that would be genetically matched to particular patients--a significant number of eggs will be needed both to fuel the initial research and eventually to satisfy the demands of patients. Scientists at Advanced Cell Technology of Worcester, Mass. , made the decision to pay women only after a long analysis by an ethics board created by the company, said scientific director Robert Lanza. He still thinks it is the right way to go, Lanza said, given the painful injections involved, the uncomfortable egg suction procedure, and the approximately 5 percent chance of a serious case of hormonal over-stimulation, which can require hospitalization. Others say such payments cannot help but be coercive, especially for poor women who might feel compelled to take on those risks just to make ends meet. In April, the National Academies, chartered by Congress to advise the nation on matters of science, released a report that recommended against payments for human eggs beyond expenses incurred by the donors, in part because of the "sensitivities" inherent in the creation of embryos destined for destruction. But the report's impact remains uncertain as research institutions, fertility clinics and the biggest wild card of them all--Congress--mull the Academies' findings.

单选题Business and government managers often promote "clean desk" policies to avoid disorganized offices and messy desks, ______ boosting work efficiency and productivity. A. for the purpose of B. for good of C. for purpose of D. for the fun of

单选题The little girl is just learning to walk and she's always ______ over.

单选题Richard Satava, program manager for advanced medical technologies, has been a driving force bringing virtual reality to medicine, where computers create a "virtual" or simulated environment for surgeons and others medical practitioners (从业者). "With virtual reality we'll be able to put a surgeon in every trench," said Satava. He envisaged a time when soldiers who are wounded fighting overseas are put in mobile surgical units equipped with computers. The computers would transmit images of the soldiers to surgeons back in the U. S. The surgeons would look at the soldier through virtual reality helmets (头盔) that contain a small screen displaying the image of the wound. The doctors would guide robotic instruments in the battlefield mobile surgical unit that operate on the soldier. Although Satava's vision may be years away from standard operating procedure, scientists are progressing toward virtual reality surgery. Engineers at an international organization in California are developing a tele-operating device. As surgeons watch a three-dimensional image of the surgery, they move instruments that are connected to a computer, which passes their movements to robotic instruments that perform the surgery. The computer provides feedback to the surgeon on force, textures, and sound. These technological wonders may not yet be part of the community hospital setting but increasingly some of the machinery is finding its way into civilian medicine. At Wayne State University Medical School, surgeon Lucia Zamorano takes images of the brain from computerized scans and uses a computer program to produce a 3-D image. She can then maneuver the 3-D image on the computer screen to map the shortest, least invasive surgical path to the tumor (肿瘤). Zamorano is also using technology that attaches a probe to surgical instruments so that she can track their positions. While cutting away a tumor deep in the brain, she watches the movement of her surgical tools in a computer graphics image of the patient's brain taken before surgery. During these procedures--operations that are done through small cuts in the body in which a miniature camera and surgical tools are maneuvered--surgeons are wearing 3-D glasses for a better view. And they are commanding robot surgeons to cut away tissue more accurately than human surgeons can. Satava says, "We are in the midst of a fundamental change in the field of medicine. /

单选题The abacus is the counting frame that was the most widely used device for doing arithmetic in ancient times and whose use______into modern times in the Orient.

单选题I am running down an alley with a stolen avocado, having climbed over a white brick fence and into the forbidden backyard of a carefully manicured estate at the corner of E1 Dorado and Crescent Drive in Beverly Hills, California. I have snatched a rock-hard Fuerte avocado from one of the three avocado trees near the fence, I have been told that many ferocious dogs patrol the grounds; they are killers, these dogs. I am defying them. They are nowhere to be found, except in my mind, and I'm out and gone and in the alley with their growls directing my imagination. I am running with fear and exhilaration, beginning a period of summer. Emerging from the shield of the alley I cut out into the open. Summer is about running, and I am running, protected by distance from the dogs. At the corner of Crescent Drive and Lomitas, I spot Bobby Tornitzer on a bike. I shout "Tornitzer!" He turns his head. His bike wobbles. An automobile moving rapidly catches Tornitzer's back wheel. Tornitzer is thrown high into the air and onto the concrete sidewalk of Crescent Drive. The driver, a woman with gray hair, swirls from the car hysterically and hovers noisily over Tornitzer, who will not survive the accident. I hold the avocado to my chest and stand, frozen, across the street. I am shivering in the heat, and sink to my knees. It is approximately 3:30 in the afternoon, it is June 21, 1946. In seven days, I will be 8 years old.

单选题You had better______ your seat today if you want to go to the game.

单选题One point Margherita makes about her job is that ______.

单选题If the cheek does not cover the full amount of your medical expense, mail the Medicare Explanation of Benefits (MEOB) to your carrier in order to receive ______ for the balance of your expense.

单选题There were many people present and he appeared only for a few seconds, so I only caught a______of him.

单选题The passage provides information for answering all of the following questions except ______.

单选题{{B}}Text 1{{/B}} As Eleanor Roosevelt once said, "Universal human rights begin in small places, close to home." Tolerance org, a web site from the Southern Poverty Law Center, is helping parents across the country create homes in which tolerance and understanding are guiding themes. "Tile goal of nurturing open-minded, empathetic children is a challenging one," says Jennifer Holladay, director of Tolerance. org. "To cultivate tolerance, parents have to instill in children a sense of empathy, respect and responsibility—to oneself and to others—as well as the recognition that every person on earth is a treasure." Holladay offers several ways parents can promote tolerance: Talk about tolerance. Tolerance education is an ongoing process; it cannot be captured in a single moment. Establish a high comfort level for open dialogue about social issues. Let children know that no subject is taboo. Identify intolerance when children are exposed to it. Point out stereotypes and cultural misinformation depicted in movies, TV shows, computer games and other media. Challenge bias when it comes from friends and family members. Do not let the moment pass. Begin with a qualified statement: "Andrew just called people of XYZ faith 'lunatics.' What do you think about that, Zee?" Let children do most of the talking. Challenge intolerance when it comes from your children. When a child says or does something that reflects biases or embraces stereotypes, confront the child: "What makes that joke funny, Jerome?" Guide the conversation toward internalization of empathy and respect—"Mimi uses a walker. honey. How do you think she would feel about that joke?" or "How did you feel when Robbie made fun of your glasses last week?" Support your children when they are the victims of intolerance. Respect children's troubles by acknowledging when they become targets of bias. Don't minimize the experience. Provide emotional support and thee brainstorm constructive responses. For example, develop a set of comebacks m use when children are the victims of name-calling. Create opportunities for children to interact with people who are different from them. Look critically a] how a child defines "normal". Expand the definition. Visit playgrounds where a variety of children are present—people of different races, socioeconomic backgrounds, family structures, etc. Encourage a child to spend time with elders—grandparents, for example. Encourage children to call upon community resources. A child who is concerned about world hunger can volunteer at a local soup kitchen or homeless shelter. The earlier children internet with the community, the better. This will help convey the lesson that we are not islands unto ourselves. Model the behavior you would like to see. As a parent and as your child's primary role model, be consistent in how you treat others. Remember, you may say, "Do as I say, not as I do." but actions really do speak louder than words.

单选题How to evaluate the performance of students is still a problem that troubles many professors. A. examine and judge B. assist in C. enhance D. account for

单选题Steve Courtney wrote historical novels. Not, he was quick to explain, over colourful love stories of the kind that made so much money for so many women writers, but novels set and correctly set, in historical periods. Whatever difference he saw in his own books, his readers did not seem to notice it, and his readers were nearly all women. He had studied at university, but he had not been a particularly good student, and he had never afterwards let any academic knowledge he had gained interfere with his writing. Helen, his wife, who did not have a very high opinion of her husband's ability as a novelist, had been careful to say when she married him that she was not historically minded. Above all, Helen was doubtful whether her relationship with Steve would work at all in the village of Stretton, to which they had just moved. It was Steve who had wanted to move to the country, and she had been glad of the change, in principle, whatever doubts she was now having about Stretton as a choice. But she wondered whether Steve would not, before very long, want to live in London again, and what she would do if he did. The Stretton house was not a weekend cottage. They had moved into it and given up the London flat altogether, partly at least, she suspected, because that was Steve's idea of what a successful author ought to do. However, she thought he was not going to feel like a successful author half as much in Stretton as he had in London. On the other hand, she supposed he might just start dashing up to London for the day to see his agent or have lunch with his publisher, leaving her behind in Stretton, and she thought on the whole she would like that.

单选题Which of the following is not mentioned in the passage as a factor that has contributed to creating an environment tolerant of or even favorable to drug abuse?

单选题Which of the following is true about Olson?