单选题{{B}}Passage 1{{/B}} The fridge is considered a necessity. It has been so since the 1960s when packaged food first appeared with the label: "store in the refrigerator." In my fridgeless fifties childhood, I was fed well and healthily. The milkman came daily, the grocer, the butcher, the baker, and the ice-cream man delivered two or three times a week. The Sunday meat would last until Wednesday and surplus bread and milk became all kinds of cakes. Nothing was wasted, and we were never troubled by rotten food. Thirty years on food deliveries have ceased, fresh vegetables are almost unobtainable in the country. The invention of the fridge contributed comparatively little to the art of food preservation. A vast way of well-tried techniques already existed--natural cooling, drying, smoking, salting, sugaring, bottling... What refrigeration did promote was marketing--marketing hardware and electricity, marketing soft drinks, marketing dead bodies of animals around the globe in search of a good price. Consequently, most of the world's fridges are to be found, not in the tropics where they might prove useful, but in the wealthy countries with mild temperatures where they are climatically almost unnecessary. Every winter, millions of fridges hum away continuously, and at vast expense, busily maintaining an artificially-cooled space inside an artificially-heated house--while outside, nature provides the desired temperature free of charge. The fridge's effect upon the environment has been evident, while its contribution to human happiness has been insignificant. If you don't believe me, try it yourself, invest in a food cabinet and turn off your fridge next Winter. You may miss the hamburgers, but at least you'll get rid of that terrible hum.

单选题The miser will not donate any money to charity because he is ______________ .

单选题Directions: There are 5 reading passages in this part. Each passage is followed by some questions or unfinished statements. For each of them there are four choices marked A, B, C, and D. You should decide on the best choice and mark your answer on the ANSWER SHEET by blackening the corresponding letter in the brackets. He began his long and transcendent career in a nondescript laboratory on the Adriatric Sea, dissecting eels. "Since eels do not keep diaries, "the investigator, 19-year-old Sigmund Freud wrote to a friend in the spring of 1876, the only way to detect gender was to cut and slice, "but in vain, all the eels which I cut open are of the fairer sex. Beginning May 11, 2006, the New York Academy of Medicine will exhibit the largest collection of Freud's drawings ever assembled, including several pieces from private collectors that have not been displayed in public. The drawings, some embedded in letters and scientific essays, chart the evolution of the Austrian neurologist's thinking, from his early and lesser known devotion to marine anatomy to the psychological theory that would alter forever humans' conception of themselves and launch a discipline, psychoanalysis, that dominated psychiatry for half a century. The American Psychoanalytic Association and the New York Psychoanalytic Society and Institute collaborated in the exhibition. Freud's methods have fallen from favor in recent decades, but science historians say that his investigation of the unconscious more than a century ago stands as a revolutionary achievement that still informs many therapists' understanding of memory, trauma, and behavior Freud's drawing were serious science, the eel doodle notwithstanding. In the latter part of the 19th century, German researchers considered drawing to be instrumental to scientific discovery, both as a way to capture the microscopic detail of nerve cells, for example, and to illustrate theories of how the brain might work, said Lynn Gamwell, curator of the exhibit and director of the Art Museum at the State University of New York at Binghamton. " Einstein once said that when be thought about science, he thought visually, he thought in pictures, and this appears to be the case with Freud," said Dr. Gamwell, a professor of science history. Freud's drawing tell a story in three acts, from biology to psychology, from the microscope to the couch. The first, from Freud's college years into his mid-twenties, took place in laboratories, where he examined the nervous systems of crayfish and lamprey, among other animals. The 21 drawings from this period would look familiar to anyone who used a microscope in high school but on deeper inspection betray compulsive detail. One, titled "On the Structure of the Nerve Fibers and Nerve Cells of the River Crayfish, " depicts four types of nerve cells and minutely details the elements in the nuclei, the cell bodies shaded so carefully that they appear three-dimensional, alive, alien eyeballs bobbing in space. In another sketch, of the spinal anatomy of the lamprey, nerve fibers braid together like climbing vines, with cells hung throughout like clusters of ripening grapes. By his late twenties, Freud had gained some experience with patients and, in a second phase of his career, he began to focus on brain function rather than descriptive anatomy. One drawing from this period, meant to illustrate the brain's auditory system, is as spare and geometric as a Calder sculpture, with fibers running between neural regions. The sketch is meant to represent scientific pathways in the brain, but the depiction is dramatically more abstract than his earlier work. In another, from an unpublished essay titled "Introduction to neuropathology," looping lines connect several nodes in a diagram intended to show how areas of the brain represent body, arms, face, hands. At the time these drawing appeared, many neurologists presumed the body was somehow mirrored in the brain, perhaps altered in form but recognizable, intact. Yet in this sketch and others like it, Freud said the brain worked differently; that is, fibers and cell "contain the body periphery in the same way as a poem contains the alphabet, in a complete arrangement" based on a body part's function, not its location. Later research supported Freud's contention.

单选题The government decided to take a______action to strengthen the market management. A. diverse B. durable C. epidemic D. drastic

单选题There is no doubt that the ______ of these goods to the others is easy to see. A. prestige B. superiority C. priority D. publicity

单选题He quickly ______ behind the building to avoid being hurt by the stones thrown in his direction. A. ducked B. evaded C. escaped D. dodged

单选题A ______ is an occasion at which people who have great knowledge of a particular subject meet in order to discuss a matter of interest.

单选题"Our life is ______ away by detail. Simplify, simplify. " That dictum of Henry David Thoreau's, echoing from the days of steamboats and ox-drawn plows, had long haunted me. A. frittered B. quenched C. reproached D. scouted

单选题 {{B}}Questions 21—23 are based on the passage about malls in the US. You now have 15 seconds to read Questions 21—23.{{/B}}

单选题{{B}}Passage 1{{/B}} On the morning of September 11th, I boarded the train from Washington Heights in Upper Manhattan just as usual and went to the Body Positive office in the South Street Seaport of Lower Manhattan. While I was leaving the subway at 8:53 am, a man ran down the street screaming, "Someone just bombed the World Trade Center." Those around me screamed and shouted "No!" in disbelief. However, being an amateur photographer, and thinking that I might be able to help out, I ran directly toward the WTC. I stopped just short of the WTC at a comer and looked up. There before me stood the gaping hole and fire that had taken over the first building. I stood there in shock taking pictures, wanting to run even closer to help out, but I could not move. Soon I saw what looked like little angels floating down from the top of the building. I began to cry when I realized that these " angels" —in fact, desperate office workers--were coming down, some one-by-one, some even holding hands with another. Could I actually be seeing this disaster unfold with hundreds of people around me crying, screaming and running for safety? As I watched in horror, another white airliner came from the south and took aim at the South Tower. As the plane entered the building, there was an explosion and fire and soon debris (碎片) began to fall around me. It was then that I realized that we were being attacked and that this was just not a terrible accident. Yet, I still could not move, until I was pushed down by the crowd on the street, many now in a panic running toward the water, as far from the WTC as they could possibly get. All around me were the visual reminders of hundreds of people running in panic. There were shoes, hats, briefcases, pocketbooks, newspapers, and other personal items dropped as hundreds of people ran for safety. Much has been written about the disaster already. We have learned so much in such a small amount of time about appreciating life. In some way we must move forward, bury the dead, build a memorial for those lost, and begin the coping and healing process for the survivors. But healing takes time. Some have been able to head right back to work, others seek counseling, while others remain, walking through the streets with expressionless faces. However, we are all united in our grief.

单选题Cox Radio, one of the nation's largest radio chains, plan to ______ its ties with independent record promoters to distance itself from a payola-like practice that runs rampant in the music business.

单选题The Americans and the British not only speak the same language but also ______ a large number of social customs. A. join B. take C. share D. have

单选题He is always here. It's ______ you've never met him.

单选题The advertisement for Super Suds detergent ______ that the sale has increased by 25% in the first quarter of the year. A. have been so successful B. had been so successful C. has been so successful D. will be so successful

单选题

单选题What are those of us who have chosen careers in science and engineering able to do about our current problems? First, we can help destroy the false impression that science and engineering have caused the current world trouble. On the contrary, science and engineering have made vast contributions to better living for more people. Second, we can identify the many areas in which science and technology, more considerably used, can be of great service in the future than in the past to improve the quality of life. While we can make many speeches, and pass many laws, the quality of our environment will be improved only through better knowledge and better application of that knowledge. Third, we can recognize that much of the dissatisfaction we suffer today results from our very successes of former years. We have been so greatly successful in attaining material goals that we are deeply dissatisfied that we cannot attain other goals more rapidly. We have achieved a better life for most people, but we are unhappy that we have not spread it to all people. We have reduced many sources of environmental disasters, but we are unhappy that we have not conquered all of them. It is our raised expectations rather than our failures which now cause our distress. Granted that many of our current problems must be cured more by social, political, and economic instruments than science and technology, yet science and technology must still be the tools to make further advances in such things as clean air, clean water, better transportation, better medical care, more adequate welfare programs, purer food, conservation resources, and many other areas.

单选题The greatest risk for rickets is in______ breastfed infants who are not supplemented with 400 IU of Vitamin D a day.

单选题In spite of the______economic forecasts, manufacturing output has risen slightly.

单选题By education, I mean the influence of the environment upon the individual to produce a permanent change in the habits of behavior, of thought and of attitude. It is in being thus susceptible to the environment that man differs from the animals, and the higher animals from the lower. The lower animals are influenced by the environment but not in the direction of changing their habits. Their instinctive responses are few and fixed by heredity. When transferred to an unnatural situation, such an animal is led astray by its instincts. Thus the "ant-lion" whose instinct implies it to bore into loose sand by pushing backwards with abdomen, goes backwards on a plate of glass as soon as danger threatens, and endeavors, with the utmost exertions to bore into it. It knows no other mode of flight, "or if such a lonely animal is engaged upon a chain of actions and is interrupted, it either goes on vainly with the remaining actions(as useless as cultivating an unsown field)or dies in helpless inactivity". Thus a net-making spider which digs a burrow and rims it with a bastion of gravel and bits of wood, when removed from a half finished home, will not begin again, though it will continue another burrow, even one made with a pencil. Advance in the scale of evolution along such lines as these could only be made by the emergence of creatures with more and more complicated instincts. Such beings we know in the ants and spiders. But another line of advance was destined to open out a much more far-reaching possibility of which we do not see the end perhaps even in man. Habits, instead of being born ready-made(when they are called instincts and not habits at all), were left more and more to the formative influence of the environment, of which the most important factor was the parent who now cared for the young animal during a period of infancy in which vaguer instincts than those of the insects were molded to suit surroundings which might be considerably changed without harm. This means, one might at first imagine, that gradually heredity becomes less and environment more important. But this is hardly the truth and certainly not the whole truth. For although fixed automatic responses like those of the insect-like creatures are no longer inherited, although selection for purification of that sort is no longer going on, yet selection for educability is very definitely still of importance. The ability to acquire habits can be conceivably inherited just as much as can definite responses to narrow situations. Besides, since a mechanism—is now, for the first time, created by which the individual(in contradiction to the species)can be fitted to the environment, the latter becomes, in another sense, less not more important. And finally, less not the higher animals who possess the power of changing their environment by engineering feats and the like, a power possessed to some extent even by the beaver, and preeminently by man. Environment and heredity are in no case exclusive but always-supplementary factors.