单选题The explorers came forward with gifts of ducks and flour-cakes and ______ troughs of water for the horses to drink. A. held in B. held with C. held under D. held up

单选题Americans today don't place a very high value on intellect. Our heroes are athletes, entertainers, and entrepreneurs, not scholars. Even our schools are where we send our children to get a practical education—not to pursue knowledge for the sake of knowledge. Symptoms of pervasive anti-intellectualism in our schools aren't difficult to find. "Schools have always been in a society where practical is more important than intellectual, " says education writer Diane Ravitch. "Schools could be a counterbalance." Ravitch's latest book, Left Back: A Century of Failed School Reforms, traces the roots of anti-intellectualism in our schools, concluding they are anything but a counterbalance to the American distaste for intellectual pursuits. But they could and should be. Encouraging kids to reject the life of the mind leaves them vulnerable to exploitation and control. Without the ability to think critically, to defend their ideas and understand the ideas of others, they cannot fully participate in our democracy. Continuing along this path, says writer Earl Shorris, "we will become a second-rate country. We will have a less civil society. " "Intellect is resented as a form of power or privilege, " writes historian and professor Richard Hofstadter in Anti-intellectualism in American life. a Pulitzer Prize winning book on the roots of anti-intellectualism in U. S. politics, religion, and education. From the beginning of our history, says Hofstadter, our democratic and populist urges have driven us to reject anything that smells of elitism. Practicality, common sense, and native intelligence have been considered more noble qualities than anything you could learn from a book. Ralph Waldo Emerson and other Transcendentalist philosophers thought schooling and rigorous book learning put unnatural restraints on children: "We are shut up in schools and college recitation rooms for 10 or 15 years and come out at last with a bellyful of words and do not know a thing. " Mark Twain's Huckleberry Finn exemplified American anti- intellectualism. Its hero avoids being civilized—going to school and learning to read—so he can preserve his innate goodness. Intellect, according to Hofstadter, is different from native intelligence, a quality we reluctantly admire. Intellect is the critical, creative, and contemplative side of the mind. Intelligence seeks to grasp, manipulate, reorder, and adjust, while intellect examines, thinks, wonders, theorizes, criticizes and imagines. School remains a place where intellect is mistrusted. Hofstadter says our country's educational system is in the grips of people who "joyfully and militantly proclaim their hostility to intellect and their eagerness to identify with children who show the least intellectual promise. /

单选题Societies from the primitive to (the highly civilizing) (have used) food, their (most essential) resource, in social bonding celebrations (of all kinds) and in sacred rituals.

单选题By such demarcation, strong, representative national societies can then be left to do what they do best— ______ young scientists' development at national meetings, and represent their disciplines at the national level.(2009年北京航空航天大学考博试题)

单选题Mary thought she would never meet Tom again, but by a curious ______ they finally met. A. coincidence B. incidence C. incident D. accident

单选题In the new shark repellent method, an insulated cable is buried on the bottom of the sea around a beach from which people swim.

单选题The service was held to ______ the sacrifice of those who died in the war.

单选题An outside adviser has been brought in to ______ the dispute between the management and the union. A. arbitrate B. legitimize C. lug D. earmark

单选题Children's fears come and go, but most children experience similar types of fears at approximately the same age. For toddlers, the worst fears are often associated with separation and change. Toddlers want their own mommy, daddy, .spoon, chair, and bed. They are profoundly conservative little people. The most daring toddlers feel content if they can hold onto what they already know. Yet, children's fears are a useful index of their development. Fear of strangers appears to be a consequence of their first specific attachment, and its ending is a sign that they have acquired a more inclusive schema of faces and people in general. A child who is afraid of cats but not of rabbits evidently can differentiate one small animal from another. Fear of a particular person implies recognition of that person. Parents can be of assistance, both in overcoming fears and in preventing their development. They can prepare a child through play, stories, and happy prognostications for dealing with new situations that might be overwhelming; give prompt and unstinted comfort after a frightening experience; and devise ways in which a child can be gently and gradually—not abruptly— encouraged to take another look at feared objects and situations. Avoidance of the feared object reinforces the fear, and the fear becomes increasingly intense. Children's fears should be taken seriously, never ridiculed or dismissed as silly or babyish. Often, if the caregiver can get the child to explain exactly what it is that is so frightening, the bald can be reassured. The one thing not to do is to force children into confronting a feared situation before they are ready to do so. Almost all children are afraid of something and, as with adults, these fears are often well- grounded. If we are in an open field during a thunderstorm, we probably have good reason to be afraid of lightning. But occasionally fear of something gets out of control and becomes a phobia. A phobia is an irrational fear of something. A child may be afraid of the dark and hesitate to go up the stairs alone at night. But when the child refuses to remain in a place where there is no light, such as the movies or bus or her bedroom, the fear is taking too great a toll on the child's development. There are many different ways that phobias are treated in children. One of these techniques, commonly referred to as contact desensitization, is a behavioral technique designed to' eliminate unnatural fears. This exact technique was used in one study with fifty snake-avoidant children ranging in age from three to nine years. To see which technique was most effective, the fifty children were divided into five groups:A. Members of the "contact desensitization group" were told about snakes and how to approach them, were encouraged by an adult to approach a snake, were given praise when they tried, and watched one adult hold the snake.B. The "contact desensitization without touch group" received all that group A did, but no one touched the snake.C. The "verbal input plus modeling group" received verbal input and modeling (when the adult touched the snake).D. The "verbal input only" received only verbal assurances from the adult.E. Finally, one group of children received no treatment and, hence, was called the "no treatment group." The researchers used something called the Behavior Avoidance Test to see if there was a reduction in avoidance of the snake. The results showed that 82 percent of the children in the contact desensitization group reduced their fear of snakes. Children in the other groups also reduced their fear, but not as dramatically. Fears are something we all have to live with. When they get out of hand, a technique like the one we described here can be very useful in assisting a child through a difficult experienc

单选题Many people in Wales have an affinity with music.

单选题Some people seem to______on the pressure of working under a deadline. A. render B. evolve C. prevail D. thrive

单选题Althoughtheyhavegunsandgrenades,theyarenotsoldiersbutagangof_____.

单选题The______of electronic computers has opened up new ways of data analysis for the scientist. A. advent B. adverse C. advert D. advise

单选题The more people hear his demented rants, the more they see that he is a terrorist______ A. who is pure and simple B. being pure and simple C. pure and simple D. as pure and simple

单选题She has______ideas about becoming a famous actress.

单选题Reading became difficult for the old lady, so the optician ______ her a pair of glasses to make her reading possible.

单选题Mr. Scott asked for an assistant because his work load was too ______. A. preoccupied B. onerous C. trifling D. omnipresent

单选题The girl ______ when she couldn't answer the question in the presence of all her classmates.(2004年上海理工大学考博试题)

单选题The commission presented its report in January and this was broadly ______ in July of that year.

单选题A______of sympathy swept through Japan yesterday as people heard the shocking news of Obuchi's decent into a coma. A. wave B. tide C. rush D. shower