单选题{{B}}Passage Four{{/B}} Benjamin Day was only 22 years old when he developed the idea of a newspaper for the masses and launched his New York Sun in 1833, which would profoundly alter journalism by his new approach. Yet, several conditions had to exist before a mass press could come into existence. It was impossible to launch a mass-appeal newspaper without invention of a printing press able to produce extremely cheap newspaper affordable almost to everyone. The second element that led to the growth of the mass newspaper was the increased level of literacy in the population. The then increased emphasis on education led to a concurrent growth of literacy as many people in the middle and lower economic groups acquired reading skills. The trend toward "democratization" of business and politics fostered the creation of a mass audience responsive to a mass press. Having seen.others fail in their attempts to market a mass-appeal newspaper, he forged ahead with his New York Sun, which would be a daily and sell for a penny, as compared to the other dailies that went for six cents a copy. Local happenings, sex, violence, features, and human- interest stories would constitute his content. Conspicuously absent were the dull political debates that still characterized many of the six-cent papers. Within six months the Sun achieved a circulation of approximately 8000 issues, far ahead of its nearest competitor. Day's gamble had paid off, and the penny press was launched. James Gordon Bennett, perhaps the most significant and certainly the most colorful of the individuals imitating Day's paper, launched his New York Herald in 1835, even more of a rapid success than the Sun. Part of Bennett's success can be attributed to his skillful reporting of crime news, the institution of a financial page, sports reporting, and an aggressive editorial policy. He looked upon himself a reformer, and wrote in one of his editorials: "I go for a general reformation of morals... I mean to begin a new movement in the progress of civilization." Horace Greeley was another important pioneer of the era. He launched his New York Tribune in 1841 and would rank third behind the Sun and Herald in daily circulation, but his weekly edition was circulated nationally and proved to be a great success. Greeley's Tribune was not as sensational as its competitors. He used his editorial page for crusades and causes. He opposed capital punishment, alcohol, gambling and tobacco. Greeley also favored women's rights. Greeley never talked down to the mass audience and attracted his readers by appealing to their intellect more than to their emotions. The last of the major newspapers of the penny-press era began in 1851. The New York Times, edited by Henry Raymond, promised to be less sensational than the Sun or the Herald and less impassioned than Greeley. The paper soon established a reputation for objective and reasoned journalism. Raymond stressed the gathering of foreign news and served as foreign correspondent himself in 1859. The Times circulation reached more than 40000 before the Civil

单选题 It is not unusual for chief executives to collect millions of dollars a year in pay, stock options, and bonuses. In the last fifteen years, while executive remuneration rose, taxes in the highest income bracket went down. Millionaires are now commonplace. Amiability is not a prerequisite for rising to the top, and there are a number of chief executive officers with legendary bad tempers. It is not the boss's job to worry about the well-being of his subordinates although the man with many enemies will be swept out more quickly in hard times; it is the company he worries about His business savvy is supposed to be based on intimate knowledge of his company and the industry so he goes home nightly with a full briefcase. At the very top--and on the way up--executives are exceedingly dedicated. The American executive must be capable of enough small talk to get him through the social part of his schedule, but he is probably not a highly cultured individual or an intellectual. Although his wife may be on the board of the symphony or opera, he himself has little time for such pursuits. His reading may largely concern business and management, despite interests in other fields. Golf provides him with a sportive outlet that combines with some useful socializing. These days, he probably attempts some form of aerobic exercise to "keep the old heart in shape" and for the same reason goes easy on butter and alcohol, and substances thought to contribute to taking highly stressed executives out of the running. But his doctor's admonition to "take it easy" falls on deaf ears. He likes to work. He knows there are younger men nipping at his heels. Corporate head-hunting, carded on by "executive search firms", is a growing industry. America has great faith in individual talent, and dynamic and aggressive executives are so in demand that companies regularly raid each other's managerial ranks.

单选题A little more than a century ago, Michael Faraday, the noted British physicist, managed to gain audience with a group of high government officials, to demonstrate an electro-chemical principle, in the hope of gaining support for his work. After observing the demonstrations closely, one of the officials remarked bluntly, "It"s a fascinating demonstration, young man, but just what practical application will come of this?" "I don"t know," replied Faraday, "but I do know that 100 years from now you"ll be taxing them." From the demonstration of a principle to the marketing of products derived from that principle is often a long way, involved series of steps. The speed and effectiveness with which these steps are taken are closely related to the history of management, the art of getting things done. Just as management applies to the wonders that have evolved from Faraday and other inventors, so it applied some 4,000 years ago to the working of the great Egyptian and Mesopotamian import and export firms...to Hannibal"s remarkable feat of crossing the Alps in 218 B.C. with 90,000 foot soldiers, 12,000 horsemen and a "conveyor belt" of 40 elephants...or to the early Christian Church, with its world-shaking concepts of individual freedom and equality. These ancient innovators were deeply involved in the problems of authority, divisions of labor, discipline, unity of command, clarity of direction and the other basic factors that are so meaningful to management today. But the real impetus to management as an emerging profession was the Industrial Revolution. Originating in 18-century England, it was triggered by a series of classic inventions and new processes; among them John Kay"s Flying Shuttle in 1733, James Hargrove"s Spinning Jenny in 1770, Samuel Compton"s Mule Spinner in 1779 and Edmund Cartwright"s Power Loom in 1785.

单选题Whatever their chosen method, Americans bathe zealously. A study conducted found that we take an average of 4.5 baths and 7.5 showers each week and in the ranks of non-edible items purchased by store customers, bar soap ranks second, right after toilet paper. We spend more than $700 million annually on soaps, but all work the same way. Soap is composed of molecules that at one end attract water and at the other end attract oil and dirt, while repelling water. With a kind of pushing and pulling action, the soap loosens the bonds holding dirt to the skin. Unless you're using a germicidal soap, it usually doesn't kill the bacteria — soap simply removes bacteria along with dirt and oil. Neither baths nor showers are all that necessary and unless you're in a Third World country where infectious diseases are common, or you have open sores on your skin, the dirt and bacteria aren't going to hurt. The only reason for showering or bathing is to feel clean and refreshed. There is a physiological basis for this relaxed feeling. Your limbs become slightly buoyant in bathwater, which takes a load off muscles and tension. Moreover, if the water is hotter than normal body temperature, the body attempts to shed heat by expanding the blood vessels near the surface of the skin, lessening the circulatory system's resistance to blood flow, and dropping blood pressure gently. A bath is also the most effective way to hydrate the skin. The longer you soak, the more water gets into the skin and because soap lowers the surface tension of the water, it helps you hydrate rapidly and remove dry skin flakes. However, in a bath, all the dirt and grime and the soap in which it's suspended float on the surface. So when you stand up, it covers your body like a film. The real solution is to take a bath and then rinse off with a shower, however, after leaving a tub or freshly exposed skin becomes a playground for microbes. In two hours, you probably have as many bacteria on certain parts of the body, such as the armpits, as before the bath.

单选题While many Russian composers of tile nineteenth century contributed to an emerging national style, other composers did not ______idiomatic Russian musical elements,______ instead the traditional musical vocabulary of Western European Romanticism.

单选题Lessons written in blood ______ the colonial people to uprising.

单选题I can respect someone who is______for their actions, but I cannot respect someone who is always pointing the finger. A. millennium B. dominant C. accountable D. commercial

单选题 About a decade ago, then-Republican House leader Newt Gingrich raised a big stir when he implied that a mother's drowning of her two children in South Carolina was the result of years of permissive rule by the Democrats. His political enemies struck back, and it became a major moment in the morality plays of the 1990s. Gingrich is gone, relegated to the sidelines of the talking-head circuit. But after a decade of his Republicans in control, the headlines don't seem all that different. In the same month of an election in which a fifth or so of the voters said they were most concerned about fuzzily defined "moral values", Americans cringed at the news at home. A hunter slaughtering other hunters in Wisconsin. A mother hacking off her child's limbs in Texas. A woman locking two little girls in a storage unit in Maryland. Then, the sad spectacles of out-of- control "athletes" and "fans" in hand-to-hand combat in Michigan and South Carolina sullied the week leading into Thanksgiving. But in this season of thankfulness, all of those episodes of failed civilization demand context. There remain significant things to be thankful for. This can be said even in the shadow of terrorism and an Iraqi War that has claimed the lives of more than 100 Americans and countless Iraqis just this month. Consider: The brave and selfless 18% 19- and 20-somethings who have fought and died or were maimed in Iraq and Afghanistan, including those who endured the hell of Fallujah. Whether you believe in the war in Iraq or not, the pictures of mothers and fathers, siblings and friends mourning over caskets at Arlington National Cemetery deserve to be remembered this holiday season. Their sacrifice is unmatched, and beyond our ability to repay. Remember them the next time you see a foot- ball player flex his muscles at the 50-yard line or an entertainer complain about not getting the respect he or she deserves. Remember Pat Tillman, who quit the Arizona Cardinals football team to join the military? He died in Afghanistan. That's real tragedy and sacrifice, not some pro basketball player getting kicked off the court for a year for trying to take a spectator's head off. The political system. OK, list your grievances first: billionaires trying to buy the election of 2004; lawyers cynically exploiting loopholes of a freshly passed campaign finance law; nasty words flying on the Internet and talk TV. About as many people remain distressed that President Bush won re-election as those who are glad he won. But despite all these caveats, you'd also have to agree that much of the world still changes leaders at the point of a gun or remains governed by blood or entitlement. Yet this country just persevered through one of its most bitter, hard- fought elections without violence or retribution. That must be worth something in these uncertain times.

单选题The assessment center gives each applicant the opportunity to ______ whether they are suited to the work. A. exemplify B. demonstrate C. expose D. exhibit

单选题Which of the following adjectives best describes "the concept of art imposed by the triumph of Modernism" as the author represents it in the last sentence of the second paragraph?

单选题Although the study of genetics is an entirely new field, it______mankind for many years.

单选题What is an Advance Directive?

单选题The accommodation was at a comfortable hotel, the meeting facilities ______.

单选题"This park has more than 200 waterfalls that are 15 feet or higher. And 150 of them have never been mapped or photographed," says park historian Lee Whittlesey. "Now that's a ______ to the size of Yellowstone."

单选题The scientific community was ______ when a living specimen of the coelacanth, long thought to be ______ was discovered by deep-sea fisherman. A. perplexed... common B. overjoyed... dangerous C. unconcerned... local D. astounded... extinct

单选题The head of the navy heaped scorn on both the methods and motives of the conspirators.

单选题The moment someone broke into the factory, a burglar______rang in the police station.

单选题 Until recently, corporate ideology in the United States has held that bigger is better. This traditional view of the primacy of big, centralized companies is now being challenged as some of the giants of American business are being outperformed by a new generation of smaller, streamlined businesses. If it was the industrial revolution that spawned the era of massive industrialized companies, then perhaps it was the information revolution of the 1990s that spawned the era we're now in—the era of the small company. For most of the 20th century, big companies dominated an American business scene that seemed to thrive on its own grandness of scale. The expansion westward, the growth of the railroad and steel industries, an almost limitless supply of cheap raw materials, plus a population boom that provided an ever-increasing demand for new products(although not a cheap source of labor) all coincided to encourage the growth of large companies. But rapid developments in the marketplace have begun to change the accepted rules of business and have underscored the need for fast reaction times. Small companies, without huge overhead and inventory, can respond quickly to a technologically advanced age in which new products and technologies can become outmoded within a year of their being brought to market. Of course, successful emerging small companies face a potential dilemma in that their very success will tend to turn them into copies of the large corporate dinosaurs they are now supplanting. To avoid this trap, small companies may look to the example of several CEOs of large corporations who have broken down their sprawling organizations into small, semi-independent divisions capable of surviving in today's marketplace.

单选题The man was sentenced to 10 years in prison because he______a government official.