问答题我在这风光奇异的地方呆的时间不长，但我的心灵得到了升华。那天晚上，我斗胆来到宾馆外，去观赏五彩斑斓的极光(northern lights)把夜空照亮。传说如果你对着极光吹口哨，它们就会落到你的脚下。于是我吹响了口哨，发现它们仍呆在原先的地方，在寒冷贫瘠的土地上空飘舞。一如那些飘舞的极光，这里同样是一片远离尘嚣的净土。

问答题61. Criticism is a study by which men grow important and formidable at very small expense. The power of invention has been conferred by nature upon few, and the labor of learning those sciences which may, by mere labor be obtained, is too great to be willingly endured; but every man can exert such judgment as be has upon the works of others; and he whom nature has made weak, and idleness keeps ignorant, may yet support his vanity by the name of a critic. 62. I hope it will give comfort to great numbers who are passing through the world in obscurity, when I inform them how easily distinction may be obtained. All the other powers of literature are coy and haughty; they must be long courted and at last are not always gained; but Criticism is a goddess easy of access and forward of advance, who will meet the slow and encourage the timorous; the want of meaning she supplies with words, and the want of spirit she recompenses with malignity. 63. This profession has one recommendation peculiar to itself, that it gives vent to malignity without real mischief. No genius was ever blasted by the breath of critics. Tire poison which, if confined, would have burst the heart fumes away in empty hisses, and malice is set at ease with very little danger to merit. The critic is the only man whose triumph is without another's pain and whose greatness does not rise upon another's ruin. 64. To a study at once so easy and so reputable, so malicious and so harmless, it cannot be necessary to invite my readers by a long or labored exhortation; it is sufficient, since all would be critics if they could, to show by one eminent example that all can be critics if they will.

问答题The Renaissance embraced, first of all, an impressive record of new achievements in art, literature, science, philosophy, education and religion. Although the foundation of many of these was classical, they goon expanded beyond the measure of Greek and Roman influence. Indeed, many of the achievements in painting, science, politics and religion bore little relation to the classical heritage. Secondly, the Renaissance incorporated a number of dominant ideals and attitudes that gave it the impress of a unique society. Notable among these in general were optimism, and individualism; but the most significant of them all was humanism. In its broadest meaning humanism may be defined as emphasis on the human values. It was a term derived from Cicero, who used it in the sense of devotion to the liberal arts, or the subjects most compatible with the dignity of man. The humanists rejected the Scholastic philosophy with its preoccupation with theology and logic. They strove for a smooth and elegant style that would appeal more to the aesthetic than to the rational side of man's nature.

问答题有影响的人物并非在所有的情形中都有意识地觉察到这种仿效，但是这种仿效的存在会使他感到舒服。如果他确实察觉到别人的手势或动作与他一样，他会感到高兴，因为那意味着他对别人产生影响，他对这些人有吸引力。

问答题Today, many countrymen are returning after they finish their study abroad. 2. Reasons for their returning. 3. Significance of their returning both to China and to themselves. Please write your essay on the back of the Answer Sheet.

问答题Write an essay of about 250 to 300 words on the topic " Inheritance and Innovation: the Basis of Research" according to the Chinese instructions given below. Write your essay on ANSWER SHEET II clearly and neatly. 传承和创新是学术研究的基石(foundation)。请你结合未来的学术研究工作举例谈谈你对其辩证关系的理解和评价。

问答题One of the most difficult situations that a researcher can encounter is to see or suspect that a colleague has violated the ethical standards of the research community. It is easy to find excuses to do nothing, but someone who has witnessed misconduct has an unmistakable obligation to act. At the most immediate level, misconduct can seriously obstruct or damage one's own research or the research of colleagues. 1) More broadly, even a single case of misconduct can malign scientists and their institutions, which in turn can result in the imposition of counterproductive regulations, and shake public confidence in the integrity of science. To be sure, raising a concern about unethical conduct is rarely an easy thing to do. In some cases, anonymity is possible--but not always. Reprisals by the accused person and by skeptical colleagues have occurred in the past and have had serious consequences. 2) Any allegation of misconduct is a very important charge that needs to be taken seriously. If mishandled, an allegation can gravely damage the person charged, the one who makes the charge, the institutions involved, and science in general. Someone who is confronting a problem involving research ethics usually has more options than are immediately apparent. In most cases the best thing to do is to discuss the situation with a trusted friend or advisor. 3) In universities, faculty advisors, department chairs, and other senior faculty call be invaluable sources of advice in deciding whether to go forward with a complaint. An important consideration is deciding when to put a complaint in writing. Once in writing, universities are obligated to deal with a complaint in a mole formal manner than if it is made verbally. 4) Putting a complaint in writing can have serious consequences for the career of a scientist and should be undertaken only after thorough consideration. The National Science Foundation and Public Health Service require all research institutions that receive public funds to have procedures in place to deal with allegations of unethical practice. 5) These procedures take into account fairness for the accused, protection for the accuser, coordination with funding agencies, and requirements for confidentiality_ and disclosure. In addition, many universities and other research institutions have designated an ombudsman, ethics Officer, or other official who is available to discuss situations involving research ethics. Such discussions are carried out in the strictest confidence whenever possible. Some institutions provide multiple entry points, so that complainants can go to a person with whom they feel comfortable.

问答题As a trainer, what exactly motivates you to get up and go to work each morning? Is it money, recognition, affiliation or something else? As a career coach, I often encounter people who've run our of steam professionally or who've become plateaued or pigeonholed in their organizations. Still others have limited self-images of what they can achieve, an image often shaped by a boss or an organization. (1) {{U}}I believe the key m personal effectiveness at work (and to job satisfaction also) is knowing what motivates us to perform at our best It's then up to us to seek opportunities to fulfill these motivations. When a job no longer motivates us, it's time to move on. Jobs have lifecycles, so take stock of where you are and decide if that's where you want to be.{{/U}} Consider the following. Do you enjoy what you do? Nobody's excited about their job all the time, but you need to derive something from the work each day if you're going to perform effectively. And money usually isn't a motivator. We're motivated by the desire to do good, to be effective, to connect with others, to be creative, or to make a difference. What really lights your fire? Have you gotten away from that in your work? You may have, yet not even know it. Does your organization want you to realize your full potential? I believe many organizations lack the competence to develop or even keep good people. I've seen too many cases of individuals sent packing from organizations because they were more talented than their boss could stand, or because they did not always play by the company rules. (2) {{U}}Also, prejudice and chauvinism still exist in the workplace. While we like to think women managers have achieved parity with men, this isn't true. The glass (some say concrete) ceiling still exists in many places. So, if you're a minority, consider how this is affecting your advancement chances. Don't be bitter, but do get busy. It may be time to get out and find something better.{{/U}} Feel plateaued or pigeonholed in your job? Then look for ways to make your job a "learning ground". Explore those informal, "out-of-the-box" ways we can keep growing professionally, even if we're suffering from a career slump, working for a tyrant, or "trapped" in a job that doesn't fully use our talents. For example, find a way to increase responsibility at work (and in so doing, acquire some experience you've been longing to add to your resume). Or, eager to be published? Then, write an article for a professional journal. Time to polish your oratorical skills? Speak at a professional conference or serve on the speaker's committee for your local ASTD Chapter. (3) {{U}}There are always ways to leverage your professional experience, even if mat experience has been unpleasant. I know people who've written articles about sexual harassment based on their own negative experiences, then become stars on the speaking circuit because of it. Others have become consultants, specializing in areas they developed while employed by others.{{/U}}

问答题Harvard ranked two in fund-raising last year with $ 595 million.

问答题改革开放以来，中国找到了一条适合自己国情的促进和发展人权的道路。中国是一个历 史悠久、人口众多、资源和财富相对短缺的东方发展中国家。在这样一个国家促进人权，既 不能照搬西方国家的人权发展模式，也不能因袭其他发展中国家的做法，只能从中国的 国情出发，探索具有自身特点的发展道路。改革开放以后，中国在总结历史经验和教训的基 础上，找到了一条真正符合中国国情的促进人权发展的道路。这就是：将生存权和发展权放 在首位，在改革、发展、稳定和条件下，全面推进人权。这条道路的特点是：在发展人权的 基本方向上，坚持发展生产力和共同富裕的原则，立足于改善全国人民的生活和促进全国人 权的发展。在促进人权和轻重缓急上，强调生存权、发展权的首要地位，同时兼顾公民的政 治、经济、社会、文化权利和个人、集体权利的全面发展；在促进和保障人权的方式上强调 稳定是前提，发展是关键，改革是动力，法制是保障。20多年来，由于中国坚持了这条正确 的发展道路，不仅使全国人民的生活状况和精神风貌大为改观，而且形成了一整套比较完备 的保障人民民主权利的政治制度和法律体系，从而使人权建设在制度化、法律化的轨道上取 得了长足和进展，人权状况呈现出不断改善的良好态势。

问答题在角色没有明显划分、家务或多或少由双方共同承担的家庭中，男尊女卑的观点很难维持的。在这种家庭长大的孩子比他们的父母更容易接受平等的观念，并做好充分准备去加入一个合作的而不是“性别大战”的社会。

问答题英语经济的定义。2．简述英语经济在我国的发展情况。3．如果你所在地区的英语经济发展缓慢，请说明原因。4．英语经济在中国迅速发展的意义。

问答题青少年人格上的缺陷反映的是教育思想和教育观念的偏差，而教育思想和教育观念的偏差往往又与传统文化观念上的误区相对应。

问答题各学科的发展日新月异，令人称奇，但衡量知识、能力的方法却依然如故，非常原始。迄今为止，教育工作还没有找到比考试更有效、更可靠的方法，着实有点离奇。尽管有不少人认定，考试能衡量出一个人的知识水平，但实际情况恰恰相反，这是有目共睹的。要想考察一个人死记硬背的本事和在极大压力下快速答题的技巧，考试或许是个不错的办法。然而，要想了解一个人的禀赋资质和实际能力如何，考试是考不出名堂来的。

问答题A. Translate the following paragraphs into Chinese: A healthy system of higher education offers many rewards: scientific discoveries, eventual and even unforeseen applications, thoughtful political leadership, intelligent public discourse, cultural vitality, and an educated workforce. Higher learning serves several goals in coordination, goals that are mutually reinforcing. The aims are at once personal and social, private and public, economic, ethical, and intellectual. Of course, higher education has a utilitarian function. In that regard, as Robert Bellah (罗伯特·贝拉) states, it possesses "its own legitimacy". Yet, it is crucial to combine and integrate that function with other aims and ends, with what Bellah calls "education for the development of character, citizenship, and culture."

问答题Some people think that a sense of competition in children should be encouraged. Others believe that children who are taught to co-operate rather than compete become more useful adults. Discuss both these views and give your own opinion. You should write at least 250 words. You should use your own ideas, knowledge and experience and support your arguments with examples and relevant evidence.

问答题Outlines: 1)我们必须重视旅游业对环境造成的危害； 2)倡导生态旅游(可持续性发展的绿色旅游)； 3)你认为我国政府和公民应采取哪些有效措施。