问答题Sports

问答题71. Battles are like marriages. They have a certain fundamental experience they share in common. They differ infinitely, but still they are all alike. A battle seems to me a conflict of will with death in the same way that a marriage of love is the identification of two human beings to the end of creation of life--as death is the reverse of life, and love of hate. Battles are commitments to cause death as marriages are commitments to create life. Whether, for any individual, either union results in death or in the creation of life, each risks it-- and in the risk commits himself. 72. As the servants of death, battles will always remain horrible. Those who are fascinated by them are being fascinated by death. There is no battle aim worthy of the name except that of ending all battles. Any other conception is, literally, suicidal. The fascist worship of battle is a suicidal drive. It is love of death instead of life. 73. In the same idiom, to triumph in battle over the forces which are fighting for death is--again literally--to triumph over death. It is a surgeon's triumph as he cuts a body and bloodies his hands in removing a cancer in order to triumph over death that is in the body. In these thoughts I have found my own peace, and I return to an army that fights death and cynicism in the name of life and hope. It is a good army. Believe in it.

问答题Why does freshman English remain the only common course of American college students? While within recent memory, requirements such as a foreign language and a course in western civilization made part of a common set of courses for the over-whelming majority of freshman students, only composition has survived to define the nationally agreed on minimum for the meaning of the liberal arts and science. But not even the defeated defenders of the old requirements claimed that one gained from them any more than the "language" of the discipline involved--a way of "talking", of asking questions and discussing possible answers to them.

问答题On December 11, 2001, after 15 years of negotiations, the world's most populous country finally joined the world's most important trade body. Yet China's accession to the WTO, although hailed by some as signaling "a seismic shift in global marketing", should nudge perceptive observers to look beyond the rhetoric and focus on the actions that will be needed to prosper in China's complex market. Those who fail to do so will likely experience more pain than profit. Far from being a signal that foreign companies can sweep into China and establish market dominance, WTO accession marks the first milestone in what promises to be a long and potentially grueling contest between foreign and local brands. (1) Foreign products were perceived to be inherently more desirable than local ones, even if they were less affordable. But a growing brand savvy among Chinese enterprises is rapidly eroding this perception, making it harder for foreign companies to establish and maintain leadership in China. (2) Foreign companies will also have to adjust to the realities of being guests in a country undergoing profound social and economic stress. For the first time, Chinese enterprises will face fun-blown international competition and closer regulatory scrutiny from entities located outside their own borders. (3) The huge tasks of restructuring state-owned enterprises and getting rid of the social welfare system of the past half century are certain to make the next 5 to 10 years difficult for many Chinese, no matter how smoothly the government manages the transition. China represents a potential goldmine for the ambitious marketer. (4) In addition to having a large and growing number of middle-class consumers, it has shown a singular genius for weathering the financial and economic storms that have attacked other countries in Asia and throughout the industrialized world. Many foreign companies are thriving here. Starbucks, Kentucky Fried Chicken and McDonald's dot the maps of China's major cities, while technology companies such as IBM, Nokia, and Motorola are among the most successful brands in their categories. The growth extends into the financial and professional services sectors as well. (5) Yet foreign brands face a serous challenge in China, and for those who care to read them, the warning signs are already visible: strong local brands, Chinese nationalism, and the readiness of local firms to compete according to the new rules of the game.

问答题1．加快农业和农村经济社会的发展，是全面建设小康社会、保持国民经济持续快速健康发展、确保国家长治久安的必然要求。 2．保持积极财政政策的稳定性和连续性，发挥财政宏观调控作用，是应对当前国际国内形势，进一步扩大国内需求，保证经济和社会稳定发展，提高人民生活水平的客观需要。 3．为促进金融保险业的改革和发展，继续下调金融保险业营业税税率：支持西部大开发、促进再就业，进一步实施和落实相关优惠财税政策。 4．我国居民储蓄存款快速增长，国内可使用的资金比较充裕：市场物资丰富，物价处在较低水平。 5．国际收支连年盈余，外汇储备较为雄厚：赤字水平和总体债务规模仍在可以承受的范围之内。

问答题1. Some people think that college ranking is necessary; 2. Others argue that it is unnecessary; 3. You own comments.

问答题{{B}}Directions:{{/B}} Read the following passage carefully and then translate each underlined part into Chinese. 71. {{U}}Battles are like marriages. They have a certain fundamental experience they share in common. They differ infinitely, but still they are all alike. A battle seems to me a conflict of will with death in the same way that a marriage of love is the identification of two human beings to the end of creation of life--as death is the reverse of life, and love of hate. Battles are commitments to cause death as marriages are commitments to create life{{/U}}. Whether, for any individual, either union results in death or in the creation of life, each risks it-- and in the risk commits himself. 72. {{U}}As the servants of death, battles will always remain horrible. Those who are fascinated by them are being fascinated by death. There is no battle aim worthy of the name except that of ending all battles. Any other conception is, literally, suicidal. The fascist worship of battle is a suicidal drive. It is love of death instead of life{{/U}}. 73. {{U}}In the same idiom, to triumph in battle over the forces which are fighting for death is--again literally--to triumph over death. It is a surgeon's triumph as he cuts a body and bloodies his hands in removing a cancer in order to triumph over death that is in the body{{/U}}. In these thoughts I have found my own peace, and I return to an army that fights death and cynicism in the name of life and hope. It is a good army. Believe in it.

问答题如同中了魔法一般，几乎所有的英国家长都突然捡起了念书给孩子听的习惯。1．英国电力公司Powergen委托组织的一次调查发现《哈里波特》系列以及一些更早的经典著作已经掀起了一场真正的睡前革命。现在有90%的英国家长念书给孩子听，而在2000年这一比例只有40%。 2．Powergen认为这种增长是由于他们所称的“大小人”书流行，这样的书对孩子和大人有同样的吸引力。“随着现时像《指环王》这样的儿童经典著作在电影院中复兴，家长们对自己儿时读过的书籍产生了新的兴趣，要么就是第一次有了去读它们的愿望，”Powergen的一份声明中援引心理学家艾里克的话。 3．正如家长和孩子都可以从幻想中得到乐趣一样，这些小说也为家长和孩子提出了一起讨论的重要问题。与家长分享意见和看法对孩子情感和创造力的发展是至关重要的。看来《哈里波特》能改善亲子关系，其文字的力量真不可小视。

问答题中国是世界文明的发源地之一，有五千年的文明史。在中国古代思想史上，涌现出了许许多多杰出的思想家，为中华民族乃至整个人类留下了丰富的思想遗产。这些思想成果独树一帜，在漫长的历史中又不断地被阐释、被发展，很多思想对于今天的中国乃至世界而言，仍然历久弥新。极具生命力。比如，儒家学派创始人孔子“仁”的理念、“和”的思想，不仅在当代中国，在其他亚洲国家也一直备受推崇。

问答题Without doubt, the international relations appear at times bewildering. Students may at time feel that their efforts to understand the complexities of the international system today are futile. The task is a difficult one, but it is not futile. It requires patience and persistence as well as logical inquiry and flexible perspectives. (1) As the examples just given often illustrate, contemporary international events are regularly interrelated; our task of achieving understanding is therefore further complicated because seemingly unrelated events in different areas of the world may over a period of time combine to affect still other regions of the globe. Events are demonstrably interdependent, and as we improve our ability to understand the causes of and reasons behind this interdependence, we will improve our ability to understand contemporary international relations. How can our task best be approached? Throughout history, analysts of international relations have differed in their approaches to improving understanding in their field. During the late 19th and early 20th centuries, for example, the study of international relations centered around diplomatic history. Who did what to whom at a particular time and place were the main features of the method of diplomatic history. This methodology concentrated on nation-states as the main actors in international relations and included the study of the major diplomats and ministers of the period. Detailed accuracy was required and obtained, but seldom were causal connections or comprehensive analyses sought. (2) As a means for understanding a particular series of events, diplomatic history was (and is) excellent; as a means for understanding broader sweeps of international relations or for developing a theoretical basis for the study of international relations, diplomatic history was (and is) of limited utility. Whereas diplomatic history sought to explain a particular series of events, other methodologies were developed during the 19th and early 20th centuries that viewed international relations on a global scale. (3) Strategic and geopolitical analyses, methodologies in wide use even today, trace their roots to concepts developed by the U. S. Admiral Alfred Mahan during the late 19th century and British geographer Sir Halford Mackinder during the early 20th century. To Mahan the world's ocean were its highways, and whoever controlled its highways could control the course of international relations. Mahan bases most of his analysis on Great Britain and its Royal Navy. Partly because of the urgings of Mahan, the United States strengthened its fleet during the late 19th century and actively sought and acquired territorial possessions in the Pacific Ocean, including Hawaii, Samoa, Guam, and the Philippines.

问答题There is a marked difference between the education which every one gets from living with others, and the deliberate educating of the young. In the former case the education is incidental; it is natural and important, but it is not the express reason of the association. 【T1】 It may be said that the measure of the worth of any social institution is its effect in enlarging and improving experience; but this effect is not a part of its original motive. Religious associations began, for example, in the desire to secure the favor of overruling powers and to ward off evil influences; family life in the desire to gratify appetites and secure family perpetuity; systematic labor, for the most part, because of enslavement to others, etc. 【T2】 Only gradually was the by-product of the institution noted, and only more gradually still was this effect considered as a directive factor in the conduct of the institution. Even today, in our industrial life, apart from certain values of industriousness and thrift, the intellectual and emotional reaction of the forms of human association under which the world's work is carried on receives little attention as compared with physical output. But in dealing with the young, the fact of association itself as an immediate human fact, gains in importance. 【T3】 While it is easy to ignore in our contact with them the effect of our acts upon their disposition, it is not so easy as in dealing with adults. The need of training is too evident; the pressure to accomplish a change in their attitude and habits is too urgent to leave these consequences wholly out of account. 【T4】 Since our chief business with them is to enable them to share in a common life we cannot help considering whether or no t we are forming the powers which will secure this ability. If humanity has made some headway in realizing that the ultimate value of every institution is its distinctively human effect we may well believe that this lesson has been learned largely through dealings with the young. 【T5】 We are thus led to distinguish, within the broad educational process which we have been so far considering, a more formal kind of education — that of direct tuition or schooling. In undeveloped social groups, we find very little formal teaching and training. These groups mainly rely for instilling needed dispositions into the young upon the same sort of association which keeps the adults loyal to their group.

问答题1．语言学家把英语里所有的单词，也就是英语的整个词汇叫做英语的“词库”(lexis或 lexicon)。英国语言学家威尔金斯(D．Wilkins)说过，“没有语法，人们可以表达的事物寥寥无几；而没有词汇，人们则无法表达任何事物。”学习英语词汇是学习英语的重要组成部分，而英语的词汇如此浩瀚，一个人想用一生的时间来记住所有的词汇也是不可能的。其实，一个人的词汇量总是有限的。据某位词典学家统计，莎士比亚大约掌握24 000个词，弥尔顿(Milton)大约掌握16 000个词。对于英语中的两百多万单词来说，这些数字则十分渺小。

问答题Topic: With her entry into the WTO, China is being plunged into an international competition for talents, and in particular, for higher-level talents. To face this new challenge, China must do something, among other things, to reform her graduate (postgraduate) education system. State your opinion about this reform, and give the solid supporting details to your viewpoint.

问答题每个人一生中都该有个志向，否则他的精力便会浪费掉。每个青年人都力求成为一个有 成就的人物，一个青年人只期望富有是不明智的，或只专心于求得权力与名望也是不对的。 一个青年人希望做个有成就者，结果常常会实现，狄斯拉里(Disraeli)的故事是个例证。狄 斯拉里开始过公众生活时渴望能成为一个学者及演说家，他在文学方面的成就比演说方面更 为成功。起初他作为一个演说家时是完全失败的，不过，他认为有把握克服障碍，遂以不屈 不挠的精神致力于这个目标的实现。他的一些朋友认为他这个念头是愚蠢的，甚至是古怪的， 但他坚持目标不舍，最后终于成功，成为英国曾经产生的知识最丰富的学者与最雄辩的演说 家之一。这个故事并不是引来说明：只是大学者或演说家，或二者兼而有之者才是有成就的 人物。除了做学者或演说家之外，还有许多同样高尚与可敬的事业。它只是用来说明一个青 年人须志向高远，因为“宁可志高而达不到目标，也不要志低而达到”。

问答题 It is difficult for a man to imagine the rate at which water is consumed throughout the United Kingdom. A single industrial unit, for example, can use literally millions of gallons of water every day just for cooling purposes. This means that industry alone uses billions of gallons of water every year. The cost of this waste is significantly high. 71.{{U}}It should be apparent, therefore, that a fully sealed cooling system would lose no water, consume no water, discharge no water and would not require the application of chemical treatment. Sealed water cooling systems are available and make it possible for a teacupful of water to do a job normally requiring millions of gallons of water.{{/U}} Water Saver Systems is a company that has pioneered the principle of sealed industrial cooling in the UK and Europe. These sealed cooling systems, it is claimed, can actually provide payback within a matter of months because of the water and effluent cost savings and the removal of the need for a chemical treatment plant and the resultant chemical costs. In addition, it is possible to recover heat from a sealed system, allowing savings in boiler feed water and domestic hot water supplies. A further advantage is that grayish-materials build-up is prevented and rust minimized, so that the high efficiency of the sealed system is maintained and the service life in- creased. A significant merit of a sealed system, not yet fully appreciated, stems from the fact that industry can now be more mobile in terms of location. Traditionally, with some industries, a main consideration as regards a factory site would be the availability of a local high volume water supply for cooling purposes. 72. {{U}}With a sealed system, it is claimed to be possible for a major user of cooling water to setup in the desert with only a small truck of water to give the sealed system its initial fill.{{/U}} Sealed cooling systems also reduce water-related health risks. Chemical treatment does help to reduce such risks but for various reasons, chemicals have not yet provided total protection from disease. For example, Lehionnaires Disease which can be propagated via the evaporation taking place in cooling towers. Sealed systems do not emit contaminated vapour to atmosphere and this also means that thermal pollution does not occur. 73. {{U}}Sealed industrial cooling systems were originally developed to offer efficient and cost-saving cooling alternatives to industry, giving considerable operational and financial advantages to the user.{{/U}} Fortunately, the development of the sealed cooling system also contributes significantly to the environment and health.

问答题Directions: In this part there is a short passage with five questions or incomplete statements. Read the passage carefully, then answer the questions or complete the statements in the fewer possible English words and then put your answers on the Answer Sheet. The years between 1870 and 1895 brought enormous changes to the theater in the United States as the resident company was undermined by touring groups, as New York became the only major center of production, and as the long run replaced the repertory (库存) system. By 1870, the resident stock company was at the peak of its development in the United States. The 50 permanent companies of 1870, however, had dwindled to 20 by1878, to 8 by 1880, to 4 by 1887, and had almost disappeared by 1900. While the causes of this change are numerous, probably the most important was the rise of the "combination" company (that is, one that travels with stars and full company).Sending out a complete production was merely a logical extension of touring by stars. Bythe 1840s many major actors were already taking along a small group of lesser players, for they could not be sure that local companies could supply adequate support in secondary roles. There is much disagreement about the origin of the combination company. Bouciault claimed to have initiated it around 1860 when he sent out a troupe with Colleen Bawn, but a book published in 1859 speaks of combination companies as already established. Joseph Jefferson Ⅲ also declared that he was a pioneer in the movement. In actuality, the practice probably began tentatively during the 1850s, only to be interrupted by the Civil War. It mushroomed in the 1870s, as the rapid expansion of the railway system made it increasingly feasible to transport full productions. In 1872, Lawrence Barrett took his company, but no scenery, on tour; in 1876, Rose Michel was sent out with full company, scenery, and properties. By the season of 1876—1877 there were nearly 100 combination companies on the road, and by 1886 there were 282.

问答题推进现代化建设、完成祖国统一、维护世界和平与促进共同发展，是中国人民在新世纪的三大历史任务。