问答题我在这风光奇异的地方所呆的时间不长，但我的心灵得到了升华。那天晚上，我斗胆来到宾馆外，去观赏五彩斑斓的极光(northern lights)把夜空照亮。传说如果你对着极光吹口哨，它们就会飘落在你的脚下。于是我吹响了口哨，发现它们仍呆在原先的地方，在寒冷贫瘠的土地上空飘舞。一如那些飘舞的极光，这里同样是一片远离尘嚣的净土。

问答题一个母亲如果没有文化，很难担负教育好下一代的责任。占中国人口半数的妇女的文化素质提不高，全民族的文化素质也难提高。

问答题Instead of trying to reduce the discontent felt, try to raise the level or quality of the discontent. Perhaps the most that can be hoped for is to have high-order discontent in today's society, discontent about things that really matter. 81) Rather than evaluating programs in terms of how happy they make people, how satisfied those people become, programs must be evaluated in terms of the quality of the discontent they engender. For example, if a consultant wants to assess whether or not an organization is healthy, he doesn't ask, "Is there an absence of complaints?" but rather, "What kinds of complaints are there?"82) Instead of trying to make gradual changes in small increments, make big changes. After all big changes are relatively easier to make than are small ones. Some people assume that the way to bring about improvement is to make the change small enough so that nobody will notice it. This approach has never worked, and one can't help but wonder why such thinking continues. Everyone knows how to resist small changes; they do it all the time. If, however, the change is big enough, resistance can't be mobilized against it, 83) Management can make a sweeping organizational change, but just let a manager try to change someone's desk from here to there, and see the great difficulty he encounters. All change is resisted, so the question is how can the changes be made big enough so that they have a chance of succeeding?Buckminster Fuller has said that instead of reforms society needs new forms, e. g. in order to reduce traffic accidents, improve automobiles and highways instead of trying to improve drivers. The same concept should be applied to human relations. There is a need to think in terms of social architecture, and to provide arrangements among people that evoke what they really want to see in themselves. 84) Mankind takes great pains with physical architecture, and is beginning to concern itself with the design of systems in which the human being is a component. But most of these designs are only for safety, efficiency, or productivity. System designs are not made to affect those aspects of life people care most about such as family life, romance, and esthetic experiences. 85) Social technology as well as physical technology need to be applied in making human arrangements that will transcend anything mankind has yet experienced. People need not be victimized by their environments; they can be fulfilled by them.

问答题现在，成千上万的美国人沉湎于对身材苗条的追求之中。他们着迷于节食和，锻炼，这不仅仅是因为他们对年轻外表的追求。最近的一项研究表明了节食和体育锻炼对身体健康极端重要。如同在许多工业技术发达的国家一样，北美人的生活方式发生了显著的变化。现代化的机器完成了人们曾被迫用手工来完成的体力劳动。小汽车、公共汽车运载着我们飞快地从一地来到另一地。由于无所事事，人们的身体变得十分虚弱，并易于生病，为了避免这种状况的发生，成千上万的美国人把更多的时间投入到体育锻炼中。这种对体育锻炼重要性的认识所产生的结果是显而易见的：公园里到处都是散步和骑自行车的人，体育节目又重新树立了威望，许多公司都为自己的员工提供特殊的运动器材以让他们在工作日中锻炼身体。

问答题Nearly every society in human history has considered its own language finer, its own food tastier, its own manners more refined (or more honest), its own morals better (or more sensible), and its own religion the one true religion. (1) In smaller groups ethnocentrism takes the form of "team spirit", "local pride", and "company morale." Taken to extremes, ethnocentrism easily leads to chauvinism (the glorification of one's own group along with fear and hatred of others), racial and religious oppression, warfare, and even genocide. In moderate forms, however, ethnocentrism makes for high morale and effective cooperation within a group. (2) Whether in a football team before a big game or in a nation at war, ethnocentric feelings have the beneficial effect of mobilizing and uniting a threatened group against its enemy. Finally, ethnocentrism can provide satisfaction and comfort. People often make themselves feel better by believing in other's inferiority. "At least I'm not a grind." An important step in the uphill struggle of American blacks and women to win social equality was the increased self-esteem generated by such ethnocentric slogans as "Black is beautiful" and "Sisterhood is powerful." As soon as it became clear that ethnocentrism was a common phenomenon, social scientists realized that they themselves might be unfairly judging the behavior of different peoples according to their own cultural values. (3) To avoid any taint of ethnocentric prejudice, anthropologists began to adopt an attitude of cultural relativism; the view that human thoughts and deeds should be judged not by any outside standards but only by those of the society or group in which they take place. Cultural relativism thus stood for scientific objectivity, fair-mindedness, and liberalism. It rapidly became the dominant view in anthropology and sociology. At first, some anthropologists interpreted cultural relativism so rigidly that they refused to make any judgments whatever about human behavior. (4) In the 1930s the anthropologist Ruth Benedict maintained, for instance, that the cultures of the world were all equally valid patterns of life and nothing any people did was invalid if it was in harmony with the rest of their culture. Paradoxically, the extreme cultural relativists, who wanted to give all other peoples due respect and resist all tendencies toward ethnocentrism in themselves, were drawn to the logical conclusion that anything goes—infanticide, headhunting, slavery, torture, ritual mutilation—provided only that it is in accord with the culture in which it occurs. History soon exposed the fallacy of this doctrine of total objectivity. Under Hitler, the Nazis enslaved millions and put millions more to death. (5) After the 1930s it was no longer possible for scholars to maintain the stance of total cultural relativism. While contemporary anthropologists and sociologists continue to believe that the practices of another people cannot be judged on the same terms as their own culture, they also believe that those practices can be judged in the light of universal values and basic human requirements. Thus, any cultural practice that conflicts with such universal human needs as emotional security, physical health, and self-preservation should not be deemed as valid as practices that serve those needs.

问答题胜利者通过认识自我、展现自我、成为可信赖并负责任的人，才能体验真实的自我。他不会畏惧独立思考并运用自己的知识。他甄别主观事实和宏观事实，不会假装什么事情都懂。他听取别人的意见、评价别人的意见，但得的结论一定是自己的。他能够欣赏和尊重他人，但绝不被他人牵制和摆布，也不畏惧他人。

问答题Dun took a deep breath, thinking over what had been said and searching in his mind for a possible course of action. Not for the first time in his flying career, he felt himself in the grip of an acute sense of apprehension, only this time his awareness of his responsibilty for the safety of a huge, complex aircraft and nearly sixty lives was tinged with a sudden icy premonition of disaster. Was this, then what it felt like? Older pilots, those who had been in combat in the war, always maintained that if you kept at the game long, enough you'd buy it in the end. How was it that in the space of half an hour a normal, every day, routing flight, carrying a crowd of happy football fans, could change into a nightmare nearly four miles above the earth, something that would shriek across the front pages of a hundred newspapers?

问答题我不知道，通过“心灵之窗”，即眼睛，来深入了解朋友的心是怎么回事。我只能通过我的指尖来“看见”脸部外形。我能够觉察到欢笑、忧伤，以及许多其它的明显的感情。我根据触摸我朋友的脸的感觉来辨认他们，但是我不能靠触摸来真正地描绘他们的神情。当然，通过其它手段，通过他们向我表达的思想，通过他们向我显示的不论什么样的行动，我也了解他们的个性。但是我被剥夺了更深入了解他们的可能，因为我相信，要达到那种更深入的了解，必须要亲眼看到他们。

问答题掌握大量的词汇对于达到一门外语的流利程度是至关重要的。一个非官方的但却是经常被引用的有关剑桥初级证书英语考试(Cambridge First Certificate Examination)的数字表明，词汇量少于3500的学生不大可能在这项考试中成功。最近的研究也表明，其母语为英语的受教育至18岁或18岁以上的人至少要认识16000个英语单词。除非你已经会讲一种像西班牙语或德语这样的语言，要获得大的英语词汇量是没有捷径可走的：你就得依靠勤奋和专注。当然，你可以从亡下文猜出你阅读中遇到的一些生词的意思，但往往你得查词典才能搞清它们的确切意思。一个切实可行的学习新词的方法或许就是大量阅读，最好是读那些你觉得有趣或刺激的故事。反复阅读同一本书常常是很有好处的：你每读一次都会学到不同的生词，而熟悉的背景又有助于将这些新词牢牢地印在你的脑海中。

问答题For this part, you are allowed 45 minutes to write a composition entitled On Fabricating Academic Credentials. You should write at least 200 words according to the following guidelines (given in Chinese): On Fabricating Academic Credentials 1．现在学历造假现象非常猖獗； 2．分析这一现象的原因； 3．如何根除这一现象。

问答题In such instances, it is necessary in some jurisdictions to make application to the courts for permission to sell; in other jurisdictions such transfers are governed by statute.

问答题世界博览会是展示人类灵感和思想的长廊。自从1851年在伦敦举办的“万国工业博览会”，世界博览会作为经济、科技和文化的盛大交流活动，取得了日益重大的意义。它是一个重要的平台，在此之上，各国展示发展经验，交流创新理念，发扬团队精神，共同展望未来。 中国有着悠久的文明，一直促进国际交流并热爱世界和平。中国赢得2010年世界博览会，靠的是国际社会对中国改革开放的支持和信心。本次博览会将会是第一个在发展中国家举办的世博会，这也寄予了全球人民对中国未来发展的美好期待。 2010年世博会将着重探讨21世纪城市生活的潜力。预计到2010年，将有55%的世界人口居住在城市。未来的城市生活，是全球关注的话题。作为第一个以城市为主题的博览会，2010博览会将会吸引世界各国政府和人民关注“更美好的城市，更美好的生活”的主题。 2010年世博会也将成为一次国际盛会。我们将促使更多国家和人们参与，获得他们的支持和理解，使2010年世博会成为全世界人民的欢乐聚会。

问答题结交朋友是为了建立一种朴素的、真诚的社交圈子，友谊就是互助，我们既可以与朋友在平静的日子中一道悠闲散步，抒发优雅的才情；也愿意与朋友一起度过坎坷的岁月。友谊不应当落入平庸与俗套当中，我们应该以勇气、智慧、力量为友谊增色。

问答题Three passions, simple but overwhelmingly strong, have governed my life; the longing for love, the search for knowledge, and unbearable pity for the suffering of mankind. These passions, like great winds, have blown me hither and thither, in a wayward course, over a deep ocean of anguish, reaching to the verge of despair. I have sought love, first because it brings ecstasy--ecstasy so great that I would often have sacrificed all the rest of life for a few hours of this joy. I have sought it, next, because it relieves loneliness that terrible loneliness in which one shivering consciousness looks over the rim of the world into the cold unfathomable lifeless abyss. I have sought it, finally, because in the union of love, I have seen, in a mystic miniature, the prefiguring vision of the heaven that saints and poets have imagined. This is what I sought, and though it might seem too good for human life, this is what at last I have found. With equal passion I have sought knowledge. I have wished to understand the hearts of men. I have wished to know why the stars shine. A little of this, but not much, I have achieved. Love and knowledge, so far as they were possible, led up- ward reward the heavens. But always pity brought me back to earth. Echoes of cries of pain reverberated in my heart. Children in famine, victims tortured by oppressors, helpless old people a haled burden to their sons, and the whole world of loneliness, poverty, and pain make a mockery of what human life should be. I long to alleviate the evil, but I cannot, and I too suffer. This has been my life. I have found it worth living, and I would gladly live it again if the chance were offered to me.

问答题2．有些人常常讥讽某个人好名，某个人爱出风头，其实只不过醋酸在暗暗作怪，恨自己没有露一手，一旦有机会可以露一手，也会照样露一手。一个人如果连荣誉心都没有，连好名声都不愿博取，则该人啥丧天害理的事，都可能干得出。人之异于禽兽者，在于人好名，禽兽不好名也。

问答题Blacks have traditionally been poorly educated—look at the crisis in urban public schools—and deprived of the sorts of opportunities that create the vision necessary for technological ambition. Black folkways in America, those unspoken, largely unconscious patterns of thought and belief about what is possible that guide aspiration and behavior, thus do not encompass physics and calculus. Becoming an engineer—unlike becoming a doctor or a lawyer or an insurance salesman—has not been seen as a way up in the segregated black community. These folkways developed in response to very real historical conditions, to the limited and at best ambivalent interactions between blacks and technology in this country. Folkways, the "consciousness of the race," change at a slower pace than societal conditions do—and so a working strategy can turn into a crippling blindness and self-limitation.