问答题There is a widespread notion that the ability to learn a foreign language is a special "gift", without which the ordinary person can never hope to get very far. Evidence is growing, however, that the difficulties under which most of us labor in learning a new language are the result not of any lack of aptitude, but of inhibitions that our culture imposes on us. It helps if we can be in an environment where language-learning is looked on in a friendly; rather than a hostile way.

问答题博士研究生入学面试是否必要? 2．在博士研究生入学面试中，你认为最重要的是展示哪几个方面? 3．你将如何展示这个方面?

问答题 Even hypothetical new media (e. g. advanced "virtual realities"), conveying a di mensionally richer sensory display are unlikely to prove fully satisfactory, substitutes for face-to-face interaction. Electronic media decompose holistic experience into analytically dis tinct sensory dimensions and then transmit the latter. At the receiving end, people can re synthesize the resulting parts into a coherent experience, but the new whole is invariably different and, in some fundamental sense, less than the original. Second, there is evidence that screen-based technologies (such as TV and computer monitors) are prone to induce democratically unpromising psychopathologies, ranging from escapism to passivity, obsession, confusing watching with doing, withdrawal from other forms of social engagement, or distancing from moral consequences. Third, a strength—but also a drawback—to a virtual community is that any member can exit instantly. Indeed, an entire virtual community can decline or perish in the wink of an eye.

问答题71.You know as well as I do that scientists who misuse their science and their knowledge in order to make nuclear arms, or poison gas, or to manipulate genes could always be found and can still be found. I have often wondered what is going on in the minds of such people. Do they not know what they are doing? Are they tempted in their well-paid jobs by the men behind the scenes? Or are they so obsessed with the hatred of an alien ideological concept or a foreign nation that they accept any means to kill their enemies, even though they are certainly aware that the whole world may be destroyed? 72. Without doubt we can only agree with the Russian academician and biologist W. A. Engelhardt, who raised the question of the increasing responsibility of scholars and scientists in view of increasing global dangers, in the origin of which their creators, that is to say the scientists, have participated. Above all this reproach is directed towards the natural sciences. Nevertheless we are not able to and will not slow down the process of scientific progress. There is no way back into some illusive idyll. The people who are dangerous are those who, wherever they are in the world, dedicate their knowledge and their talents to killing or even to possible world war. I think it is also a task for peace research to investigate the personality, the psyche, the motivations of scientists who believe in the possibility of solving the serious problems of humankind by technological means. A still typical example of such narrow-mindedness was and unfortunately still is the assumption that SDI ( Strategic Defense Initiative) could eliminate the danger of a nuclear strike against the USA. 73. We must always be aware---to loosely cite the reflections of the English Nobel prize winner M. H. F. Wikins--that dealing with science does not necessarily turn us into better human beings. On the contrary, research work that corresponds with our ideals demands very much from us as human beings. We need a great sense of responsibility and much energy in order to conduct creative research work for peace, and we have to remain modest in order as scientists to maintain our humanity.

问答题“我的英语有多好?”对任何学习英语的人来说是最重要的一个问题。知道这个问题的答案不仅有助于你的信心，而且如果你想取得更多的进步，知道这个答案是有用的，因为一旦知道已经达到一个水平，你就会开始向下一个水平进军。考试在学习过程中发挥另外一个重要作用——考试证明学习者在一种语言中是否熟练。通过语言考试远不只是激励了自己在语言方面的自尊。如果你想到英语国家去念大学，或者你想找一份需要英语技能的工作的话，通过语言考试那就至关重要了。

问答题有些人认为学位重要。 2．另一些认为能力重要。 3．你的看法。

问答题Directions: Write an essay of 250 words on the ANSWER SHEET, discussing the influence that advertising has had on your life or the lives of your friends.

问答题While people claim that a person's essential qualities are inherited at birth, others hold that the circumstances in which a person grows up are mainly responsible for the type of person he/she later becomes. {{B}}ESSENTIAL QUALITIES: INHERENT OR NOT{{/B}} 2. Changes are being seen in the social values held by the Chinese in the 1990s. What do you think is the most essential value for China in the 21(上标) century? {{B}}ON THE MOST ESSENTIAL SOCIAL VALUE{{/B}} 3. Nowadays with the development of economy, existing cities are growing bigger and bigger and new cities are appearing. What do you think is ONE of the major problems that may result from this process of urbanization? {{B}}ONE MAJOR PROBLEM IN THE PROCESS OF URBANIZATION{{/B}}

问答题1. Ever since the financial tsunami swept all before it in September 2008, many people have saved furiously. That"s a good thing, but there"s a temptation to lose that discipline once the storm clouds start to break. While the economy remains fragile and many people are still out of work, signs of recovery are becoming more and more apparent. Among your New Year"s resolutions include a savings goal that is a function of your regular income, even if it"s not a large amount of money. Maintaining the discipline is crucial. The amount of savings can grow over time. 2. Advice on how to save for retirement or your kids college is plentiful. Less plentiful is guidance on what kind of rainy-day fund you should have. 3. A rainy-day fund, which your savings plan can feed, should cover about six months of income. It"s a form of personal insurance, valuable in these rapidly changing times. This fund should be kept in safe and easy-to-tap assets. Laddering certificates of deposit out six months is one way.

问答题我在这风光奇异的地方待得时间不长，但我的心灵得到了升华。那天晚上，我斗胆来到宾馆外，去观赏五彩斑斓的极光(northern lights)把夜空照亮。传说如果你对着极光吹口哨，它们就会落到你的脚下。于是我吹响了口哨，发现它们仍待在原先的地方，在寒冷贫瘠的土地上空飘舞。一如那些飘舞的极光，这里同样是一片远离尘嚣的净土。

问答题 The magnitude of the problem of disappearing species, viewed worldwide, dwarfs resources currently available to address it. By the end of the century, experts predict, one species will be lost every hour. Faced with shrinking budgets and accelerating extinction rates, environmental managers agonize over which species to save. (1) {{U}}Different criteria for placing value on species--ecological, economic, aesthetic, cultural--compete with one another, and controversy abounds{{/U}}. One proposal for sidestepping direct debates about the value of species is to adopt a system of triage, which takes its name from the French policy of sorting wartime casualties into three categories for medical treatment: those with superficial wounds that do not require immediate attention; those with wounds too serious to make treatment efficacious; and those in the middle range, having serious but treatable wounds. Once the issue is formulated in this manner, it seems obvious that efforts toward species preservation are best concentrated in the third category. (2) {{U}}Scarce funds and energies should be targeted at saving those species that are both in need of saving and susceptible to being saved{{/U}}. But the most arresting formulation of an issue is not always the most illuminating one; (3) {{U}}it will be useful to stand back from the triage formulation (三级分类法), which casts the problem of setting priorities as one of sorting species into categories, and ask whether there are other, more fruitful ways to look at the problem{{/U}}. The endangered species problem is not a single problem. It is more accurately seen as four closely related problems: what should be done when a species' population becomes so depleted as to threaten its continued existence; (4) {{U}}what should be done to keep relatively healthy populations from declining and thereby falling into the threatened category{{/U}}; how to avert, or at least slow, the predicted and potentially cataclysmic reduction of biological diversity over the next few decades; and how to slow the trend toward conversion of natural systems to intense human use? In the triage formulation the priorities problem is most naturally associated with the first question, because it considers threats to individual species. (5) {{U}}Once threatened, species require management initiatives designed to protect and nurture them, individually{{/U}}. But the goal of protecting biological diversity should not be reduced to the goal of protecting remnant populations of threatened species. If one thinks about the endangered species problem in this way, there is a tendency to treat it as merely a problem of protecting genetic diversity, with each species regarded as a repository for a set of genes.

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问答题Intelligence at best is an assumptive construct the meaning of the word has never been clear. 21 There is more agreement on the kinds of behavior referred to by the term than there is on how to interpret or classify them. But it is generally agreed that a person of high intelligence is one who can grasp ideas readily, make distinctions, reason logically, and make use of verbal and mathematical symbols in solving problems. Art intelligence test is a rough measure of a child"s capacity for learning, particularly for learning the kinds of things required in school. It does not measure character, social adjustment, physical endurance, manual skills, or artistic abilities. It is not supposed to. It was not designed for such purposes. 22 To criticize it for such failure is roughly comparable to criticizing a thermometer for not measuring wind velocity. The other thing we have to notice is that the assessment of the intelligence of any subject is essentially a comparative affair. 23 Now since the assessment of intelligence is a comparative matter we must be sure that the scale with which we are comparing our subjects provides a "valid" or "fair" comparison. It is here that some of the difficulties which interest us begin. Any test performed involves at least three factors: the intention to do one"s best, the knowledge required for understanding what you have to do, and the intellectual ability to do it. 24 The first two must be equal for all who are being compared, if any comparison in terms of intelligence is to be made. In school populations in our culture these assumptions can be made fair and reasonable, and the value of intelligence testing has been proved thoroughly. Its value lies, of course, in its providing a satisfactory basis for prediction. No one is in the least interested in the marks a little child gets on his test; what we are interested in is whether we can conclude from his mark on the test that the child win do better or worse than other children of his age at tasks which we think require "general intelligence". 25 On the whole such a conclusion can be drawn with a certain degree of confidence, but only if the child can be assumed to have had the same attitude towards the test as the other with whom he is being compared, and only if he was not punished by lack of relevant information which they possessed.

问答题电脑、网络与健康 电脑已经成为人们生活和工作不可缺少的工具， 它在给人们带来诸多方便的同时， 也带来了一些烦恼和忧虑，因为人们长期从事电脑工作对健康的影响是比较直接的。 电脑和网络使用不当危害健康 一是对身体健康的直接影响。 电脑显示器利用电子枪发射电子束来产生图像， 并伴有辐射与电磁波，长期使用会伤害人们的眼睛，诱发一些眼病，如青光眼等；键盘上键位密集，键面一定的弹力和阻力， 长期击键会对手指和上肢不利； 操作电脑时， 体形和全身难得有变化，操作向着高速、单一、重复的特点发展，强迫体位比重越来越大，容易导致肌肉骨骼系统的疾患，其中，计算机操作时所累及的主要部位有腰、颈、肩、肘、腕部等。操作电脑过程中注意力高度集中，眼、手指快速频繁运动，使生理、心理过度重负，从而产生睡眠多梦、神经衰弱、头部酸胀、机体免疫力下降，甚至会诱发一些精神方面的疾病。这种人易丧失自信，内心时常紧张、烦躁、焦虑不安，最终导致身心疲惫。 二是导致网络综合征。 长时间无节制地花费大量时间和精力在互联网上持续聊天、 浏览，会导致各种行为异常、 心理障碍、 人格障碍、 交感神经功能部分失调， 严重者发展成为网络综合征，该病症的典型表现为：情绪低落、兴趣丧失、睡眠障碍、生物钟紊乱、食欲下降和体重减轻、精力不足、精神运动性迟缓和激动、自我评价降低、思维迟缓、不愿意参加社会活动、很少关心他人、饮酒和滥用药物等。 三是电脑散发的气体危害呼吸系统。 英国过敏症基金会的研究人员最近发表的一份研究报告指出，办公设备会释放有害人体健康的臭氧气体，而主要元凶是电脑、激光打印机等。这些臭氧气体不仅有毒， 而且可能造成某些人呼吸困难， 对于那些哮喘病和过敏症患者来说，情况就更为严重了。 另外， 较长时间待在臭氧气体浓度较高的地方， 还会导致肺部发生病变。 怎样减少电脑网络的危害 客观地说， 电脑对人体生理和心理方面的负面影响已日益受到人们的重视。 在电脑普及程度比较高的国家里， “电脑综合征”已成为很普遍的现代病。为此科学使用电脑，减少电脑和网络的危害是十分必要的。 一是要增强自我保健意识。 如工作间隙注意适当休息， 一般来说， 电脑操作人员在连续工作 1 小时后应该休息 10 分钟左右。并且最好到操作室之外活动活动身体。平时要加强体育锻炼， 增强体能， 要定期进行身体检查和自我心理测定， 一旦发现生理、 心理上的有关症状，可在一段时间内适当调整上机时间，缓解症状。 二是注意工作环境。 电脑室内光线要适宜， 不可过亮或过暗， 避免光线直接照射在荧光屏上而产生干扰光线， 工作室要保持通风干爽， 使那些有害气体尽快排出， 尽量用非击打式打印机减少噪音等等。 三是注意补充营养。 电脑操作者在荧光屏前工作时间过长， 视网膜上的视紫红质会被消耗掉，而视紫红质主要由维生素 A 合成。因此，电脑操作者应多吃些胡萝卜、白菜、豆芽、豆腐、红枣、橘子以及牛奶、鸡蛋、动物肝脏、瘦肉等食物，以补充人体内维生素 A 和蛋白质。多饮些茶，茶叶中的茶多酚等活性物质会有利于吸收与抵抗放射性物质。

问答题The only solid pieces of scientific truth about which I feel totally confident is that we are profoundly ignorant about nature. Indeed, I regard this as the major discovery of the past hundred years of biology. It would have amazed the brightest minds of the 18th centu ry Enlightenment to be told by any of us how little we know and how bewildering seems the way ahead. It is this sudden confrontation with the depth and scope of ignorance that represents the most significant contribution of the 20th century science to the human intel lect. In earlier times, we either pretended to understand how things worked or ignored the problem, or simply made up stories to filI the gaps. Now that we have begun exploring in earnest, we are getting glimpses of how huge the questions are, and how far from being answered. It is not so bad being ignorant if you are totally ignorant; the hard thing is knowing in some detail the reality of ignorance, the worst spots and here and there the not-so-bad spots.

问答题Man' s chief offence against nature has been to damage the earth' s natural covering of vegetation without replacing it with a system of farming that is to maintain the fertility of the soil. Man, the farmer, has penetrated new lands in many directions, and the forests and grasslands have been vulnerable to his various activities.

问答题You should spend no more than 20 minutes on this task. (5 points) You booked a two-week vocation to Sydney with Fly-by-Night Travel. You are net happy with the holiday—the flight was delayed, the hotel was noisy, and there were other problems. Write to Fly-by-Night Travel to complain about the vocation, giving details about the problems. Request some compensation or refund. You should write at least 150 words. You do NOT need to write your own address. Begin your letter as follows: Dear ______

问答题Topic Some people believe that success in life comes from taking risks or chance. Others believe that success results from careful planning. In your opinion, what does success come from? Use specific reasons and examples to support your answer.

问答题Directions: In this part you are required to write a composition entitled My View on Terrorist Explosions in Some Countries in no less than 200 words. Your composition should be based on the following outline: 1．恐怖活动日益猖獗的表现。 2．分析其猖獗的原因。 3．各国政府应采取的有效措施。 4．你对我国政府所采取措施的态度或看法。