问答题A few years ago, the rich world's worry about economic interaction with developing countries was that the poor could not profit from it. So unbalanced were the terms of exchange between the North's mighty industries and the South's weakling sweatshops that trade between the two could be nothing more than exploitation of the one by the other; far from helping the poor countries, global integration would actually deepen their poverty. This fear has now given way to a pessimism that is equal and opposite—namely, that trade with the developing world will impoverish today's rich countries. This new fear is more dangerous than the old one. The earlier scare tacitly affirmed that the industrial countries would suffer if they cut their links with the third world. Starting from there, campaigning in the North to restrict trade with developing countries was going to be an uphill struggle. Those who oppose deeper economic integration now have a better platform. Vital interests oblige the rich countries to protect their industries from the new competition. Unlike its predecessor, this idea may sell. The new fear, like the old one, expresses the conviction that growth in one part of the world must somehow come at the expense of another. This is a deeply rooted prejudice, and plainly wrong. Very nearly all of the world is more prosperous now than it was 30 years ago. Growth has been a story of mutual advance. Lending useful support to this first error is a second—the idea that there is only so much work to go round. If new technologies make some jobs obsolete, or if an increase in the supply of cheap imports makes other jobs uneconomic, the result must be a permanent rise in unemployment. Again, on a moment's reflection, this is wrong. At the core of both errors is blindness to the adaptive power of a market economy.

问答题For most of us, work is the central, domination fact of life. We spend more than half our conscious hours at work, preparing for work, traveling to and from work. What we do there largely determines our standard of living and to a considerable extent the status we are accorded by our follow citizens as well. 1 It is sometimes said that because leisure has become more important the indignities and injustices of work can be pushed into a comer, that because most work is pretty intolerable, the people who do it should compensate for its boredoms, frustrations and humiliations by concentrating their hopes on the other parts of their lives. I reject that as a counsel of despair. For the foreseeable future the material and psychological rewards which work can provide, and the condition in which work is done, will continue to play a vital part in determining the satisfaction that life can offer. 2 Yet only a small minority can control the pace at which they work or the conditions in which their work is done; only for a small minority does work offer scope for creativity, imagination or initiative. Inequality at work, and in work is still one of the cruelest and most glaring forms of inequality in our society, like the one between managers and the rest. For most managers, work is an opportunity and a challenge. Their jobs engage their interest and allow them to develop their abilities. By contrast, for most manual workers, and for a growing number of white-collar workers, work is a boring, monotonous, even painful experience. 3 They spend all their working lives in conditions which would be regarded as intolerable—for themselves—by those who take the decisions which let such conditions continue. The majority have little control over their work: it provides them with no opportunity for personal development. Often production is so designed that workers are simply part of the technology. In offices, many jobs are so routine that workers justifiably feel themselves to be mere cogs in the bureaucratic machine. 4 As a direct consequence of their work experience, many workers feel alienated from their work and their firm, whether it is in public or in private ownership. Rising educational standards feed rising expectations, yet the amount of control which the worker has over his own work situation does not rise accordingly. 5 In many cases his control has been reduced. Symptoms of protest increase— rising sickness and absenteeism, high mover of employees, restrictions on output, and strikes, both unofficial and official. There is not much escape out and upwards. As management becomes more professional—in itself a good thing—the opportunity for promotion from the shop floor becomes less. The only escape is to another equally frustrating manual job: the only compensation is found not in the job but outside it, if there is a rising standard of living.

问答题 We fear the worst, expect the worst, thus invite the worst and the result is that we are becoming a nation of weaklings and hypochondriacs, a self-medicating society inca pable of distinguishing between casual, everyday symptoms and those that require profes sional attention. Somewhere in our early education we become addicted to the notion that pain means sickness. We fail to learn that pain is the body's way of informing the mind that we are do ing something wrong, not necessarily that something is wrong. We don't understand that pain may be telling us that we are eating too much or the wrong things; or that we are smoking too much or drinking too much or that there is too much emotional congestion in our lives that we are being worn down by having to cope daily with overcrowded streets and highways, the pounding noise of garbage grinders, or the cosmic distance between the en trance to the airport and the departure gate. We get the message of pain all wrong. Instead o addressing ourselves to the cause, we become pushovers for pills, driving the pain un derground and inviting it to return with increased authority.

问答题It is expected that members will accept the sanitary and phytosanitary measures of others as equivalent if the exporting country demonstrates to the importing country that its measures achieve the importing country's appropriate ievel of health protection.

问答题There is extraordinary exposure in the United States to the risk of injury and death from motor vehicle accidents. More than 80 percent of all households own passenger cars or light trucks and each of these is driven an average of more than 11,000 miles each year. Almost one-half of fatally injured drivers have a blood alcohol concentration (BAC. ) of 0.1 percent or higher. For the average adult, over five ounces of 80 proof spirits would have to be consumed over a short period of time to attain these levels. A third of drivers who have been drinking, but fewer than 4 percent of all drivers, demonstrate these levels. Although less than 1 percent of drivers with BAC"s of 0.1 percent or more are involved in fatal crashes, the probability of their involvement is 27 times higher than for those without alcohol in their blood. There are a number of different approaches to reducing injuries in which intoxication plays a role. Based on the observation that excessive consumption correlates with the total alcohol consumption of a country"s population, it has been suggested that higher taxes on alcohol would reduce both. While the heaviest drinkers would be taxed the most, anyone who drinks at all would be penalized by this approach. To make drinking and driving a criminal offense is an approach directed only at intoxicated drivers. In some states, the law empowers police to request breath test of drivers cited for any traffic offense and elevated BAC can be the basis for every arrest. The National Highway Traffic Safety Administration estimates, however, that even with increased arrests, there are about 700 violations for every arrest. At this level there is little evidence that laws serve as deterrents to drinking while intoxicated. In Britain, motor vehicle fatalities fell 25 percent immediately following implementation of the Road Safety Act in 1967. As Britishers increasingly recognized that they could drink and not to be stopped, the effectiveness declined, although in the following three years the fatality rate seldom reached that observed in the seven years prior to the Act.

问答题在国际社会共同努力下，世界经济正在缓慢复苏，但复苏基础不牢固，进展不平衡，存在较大的不确定性。与此同时，本地区经济发展也面临一些难题和挑战，发达国家就业形势严峻，新兴市场国家面临资产价格泡沫和通货膨胀压力，最不发达国家处境艰难，各成员国经济结构调整任重道远。

问答题打桥牌(bridge)的风格是与对方紧密合作，与另外两家组成的联盟斗智斗勇，进行激烈的竞争。打麻将(mahjong)则是孤军作战，看住上家，防住下家，自己和不了，也不让别人和。在工作中，这种做派显然是不好的，尤其是自己出不了成绩，也不让人家出成绩，更是严重影响科技事业的发展。团队精神是任何一项集体事业所必需的。

问答题1．恐怖活动日益猖獗的表现。 2．分析其猖獗的原因。 3．各国政府应采取的有效措施。 4．你对我国政府所采取措施的态度或看法。

问答题不难想象没有挑战的世界会是什么样子。它可能是一个比较温和和安逸的社会，没有要求，没有冲突，没有失望。竞争不再闯入你的生活，冲突也将消失，紧张成为旧事，创造的压力也将终上。由于工作辛劳和紧张所引起的心脏病与中风的人会越来越少，因此长寿的人数会增加。人类将会永远地摆脱竞争的压力。啊，那将是一种什么样的生活?一种单调、枯燥无味的生活。阿诺德·汤恩比曾说过，这一切进步、一切发展均来自于挑战及由此引起的反应，没有挑战就没有反应、没有发展、没有自由。

问答题各学科的发展日新月异，令人称奇，但衡量知识、能力的方法却依然如故，非常原始。迄今为止，教育工作者还没有找到比考试更有效、更可靠的方法，着实有点儿离奇。尽管有不少人认定，考试能衡量出一个人的知识水平，但实际情况恰恰相反，这是有目共睹的。要想考查一个人死记硬背的本事和在极大压力下快速答题的技巧，考试或许是个不错的办法。然而，要想了解一个人的禀赋资质和实际能力如何，考试是考不出名堂来的。

问答题 As we enter the 21st century, the gap between the world's rich and poor is widening, both with in and among countries. 1. {{U}}The vast majority of the world's population is receiving an ever-decreasing share of its collective wealth, while the share claimed by a few rich nations and individuals is steadily growing.{{/U}} In 2001 Forbes magazine counted 538 billionaires with a total net worth of 1.7 trillion dollars, while the United Nations identified 2.8 billion people surviving on less than two dollars a day. Overall, the richest 20 percent of the world's people control 86 percent of global income, while the poorest 20 percent control barely one percent. The impacts of this widening rich-poor gap are varied and worrisome. 2. {{U}}They include environmental destruction—richer nations and individuals can afford to over-consume resources, poorer nations and individuals are forced to over-exploit the environment just to survive.{{/U}} They include migration—people are forced to, move in search of adequate resources. And they include conflict—wealthier nations and individuals fight to keep what they have, while those suffering a lack of resources fight to obtain them. 3. {{U}}Because poorer groups typically lack the assets and technology to conduct large-scale conventional war to obtain their goals, they often resort to low-intensity conflict and terrorism.{{/U}} The causes of this global disparity are diverse and complex, but include colonial era trading patterns that favor industrialized nations; the globalization of economies and economic structures, in which poor nations struggle to compete; a growing "digital divide" characterized by lack of access to information technology; inadequate governance and protection of law; and lack of access to education, healthcare, and social safety nets, especially for women and girls. 4. {{U}}Individuals and nations need not remain in poverty indefinitely, however.{{/U}} With an awareness of the interdependence of our modern world and a concerted political will, it is possible to reverse this trend that threatens to divide the world against itself. And reversing this trend would have powerful and positive impacts on our future. 5. {{U}}Bringing the nearly 5 billion people of the less industrialized world into a sustainable economy through "pro-poor" policies would provide a tremendous boost to the world economy, as well as to those people.{{/U}} With increased economic opportunities come improved access to nutrition, education, and health care. With those come higher income, greater autonomy—especially for women—and the opportunity to pursue environmentally sound technologies and products.

问答题If people mean anything at all by the expression "untimely death", they must believe that some deaths mn on a better schedule than others. Death in old age is rarely called untimely—a long life is thought to be a full one. But with the passing of a young person, one assumes that the best years lay ahead and the measures of that life were still to be taken. History denies this, of course. Among prominent summer deaths, one recalls those of Marilyn Monroe and James Deans, whose lives seemed equally brief and complete. Writers cannot bear the fact that poet John Keats died at 26, and only half playfully judge their own lives as failures when they pass that year. The idea that the life cut short is unfulfilled is illogical because lives are measured by the impressions they leave on the world and by their intensity and virtue.

问答题It is generally acknowledged that families are now not as close as they used to be. Give possible reasons and your recommendations. You should write no less than 250 words.

问答题While many technological advances occur in an evolutionary manner, occasionally a revolutionary technological appears on the horizon that creates startling new conditions and profound changes. Such is the case with the privately developed Moller Skycar, which is named after its inventor. With his permission, I would like to discuss the military potential of this vehicle. The ruggedized Moller Skycar variant the military is evaluating is called the light aerial multipurpose vehicle, or LAMV (pronounced "lam-vee"). The LAMV is a vertical take-off and landing aircraft that can fly in a quick, quiet, and agile manner. 2. It is a new type of vehicle that combines the speed of an airplane and the vertical take-off capability of a helicopter with some characteristics of a ground vehicle, but without the limitations of any of those existing modes of transportation. The LAMV is not operated like traditional fixed—or rotary-wing aircraft. It has only two hand-operator used to direct the redundant computer control twists to select the desired operating altitude and moves fore and aft to select the rate of climb. 3. The right-hand control twists to select the vehicle's direction and moves side-to-side to provide transverse (crosswise) movement during the hover and early transition-to-flight phases of operation; it also moves fore and aft to control speed and braking. Simply put, the LAMV is user friendly.

问答题It is reported that mental health has become a troublesome issue. The number of people committing suicide is on the rise. You are required to analyze this phenomenon and contribute some suggestions on how to keep psychologically healthy. Write on ANSWER SHEET THREE a composition of about 250 words on the following topic: How to Keep Psychologically Healthy?

问答题Describethepicture2.Interpretitsmeaning3.Suggestsomemeasures

问答题To be really happy and really safe, one ought to have at least two or three hobbies, and they must all be real. It is no use starting late in life to say: "I will take an interest in this or that." Such an attempt only aggravates the strain of mental effort. A man may acquire great knowledge of topics unconnected with his daily work, and yet hardly get any benefit or relief. It is no use doing what you like; you have got to like what you do. Broadly speaking, human beings may be divided into three classes: those who are toiled to death, those who are worried to death, and those who are bored to death. It is no use offering the manual laborer, tired out with a hard week"s sweat and effort, the chance of playing a game of football or baseball on Saturday afternoon. It is no use inviting the politician or the professional or businessman, who has been working or worrying about serious things for six days, to work or worry trifling things at the weekend.

问答题(1)以上图为依据描述发展中国家的预期寿命(1ifeexpectancy)和婴儿死亡率(infantmortality)的变化情况。(2)说明引起变化的原因。

问答题The years between 1870 and 1895 brought enormous changes to the theater in the United States as the resident company was undermined by touring groups, as New York became the only major center of production, and as the long run replaced the repertory (库存). system. By 1870, the resident stock company was at the peak of its development in the United States. The 50 permanent companies of 1870, however, had dwindled to 20 by 1878, to 8 by 1880, to 4 by 1887, and had almost disappeared by 1900. While the causes of this change are numerous, probably the most important was the rise of the "combination" company (that is, one that travels with stars and full company). Sending out a complete production was merely a logical 'extension of touting by stars. By the 1840's many major actors were already taking along a small group of lesser players, for they could not be sure that local companies could supply adequate support in secondary roles. There is much disagreement about the origin of the combination company Bouciault claimed to have initiated it around 1860 when he sent out a troupe with Colleen Bawn, but a book published in 1859 speaks of combination companies as already established. Joseph Jefferson III also declared that he was a pioneer in the movement. In actuality, the practice probably began tentatively during the 1850's, only to be interrupted by the Civil War. It mushroomed in the 1870's, as the rapid expansion of the railway system made it increasingly feasible to transport. full productions. In 1872, Lawrence Barrett took his company, but no scenery, on tour; in 1876, Rose Michel was sent out with full company, scenery, and properties. By the season of 1876 - 1877 there were nearly 100 combination companies on the road, and by 1886 there were 282.1.What was the trend for the resident stock companies at the end of the 19th century? _________________.